{"title":"A review on the low temperature water-gas-shift reaction: reaction mechanism, catalyst design, and novel process development","authors":"Jun Li, Xiaonan Wang, Sen Yao, Xiao Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11705-025-2547-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11705-025-2547-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The water-gas shift (WGS) reaction plays a pivotal role in various industrial processes, particularly in hydrogen production and carbon monoxide removal. As global energy demands rise and environmental concerns intensify, the development of efficient and sustainable catalysts for the low-temperature WGS (LT-WGS) reaction has gained significant attention. This review focuses on recent advancements in water-gas-shift catalyst design for low-temperature conditions and emerging renewable energy-driven catalytic processes, such as photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and plasma catalysis for the WGS reaction, which are less commonly explored in existing reviews. We systematically analyze mechanisms studies of LT-WGS, rational catalyst design strategies, and recent frontier advances in the development of highly efficient catalysts. Furthermore, this review provides actionable insights for refining catalyst architectures, enhancing operational efficiency, elucidating reaction pathways, and pioneering hybrid technologies, all contributing to further advancements in this field.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":571,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering","volume":"19 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143861179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of a novel biobased coating decorated with UiO-66/BN in persistent flame-retardant hybrids on the fire safety and thermal degradation of epoxy resin","authors":"Zhicong Song, Juntong Zhou, Liping Jin, Yu Guan, Wei Wang, Wenwen Guo","doi":"10.1007/s11705-025-2545-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11705-025-2545-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To increase the fire safety of epoxy resin, this study employed a layer-by-layer self-assembly method to prepare a biologically flame-retardant coating-modified zirconium-based metal-organic framework (chitosan/phytic acid (CS/PA) @UiO-66). This study also attempted to incorporate boron nitride (BN) to enhance the flame-retardant properties of epoxy resin composites. The results from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the successful synthesis of UiO-66 and illustrated the assembly of CS and PA onto UiO-66 through a self-assembly strategy. Thermogravimetric analysis in conjunction with cone calorimetry and Raman spectroscopy analyses indicated that incorporating biologically-based flame-retardant coating-modified CS/PA@UiO-66 and BN nanosheets could effectively increase the flame-retardant performance of epoxy composites. Compared with pure epoxy resin, the incorporation of CS/PA@UiO-66-3 and CS/PA@UiO-66-3/BN led to a reduction in the peak heat release rate and total heat release values of 61.13% and 22.36% for EP/CS/PA@UiO-66-3 and EP/CS/PA@UiO-66-3/BN, respectively. Notably, EP/CS/PA@UiO-66-3/BN presented a continuous and dense char layer surface with increased graphite arrangement and higher residual char content after thermal degradation and combustion, thereby providing effective suppression of heat, mass, and oxygen transfer, demonstrating promising flame-retardant efficacy. Consequently, this study successfully improved the fire safety of epoxy resin and presented a new approach for the use of biologically-based flame-retardants.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":571,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis of bimetallic crednerite nanosheet as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst in Fenton-like degradation of bisphenol A","authors":"Hanxiao Chen, Bin Deng, Heng Lin, Hui Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11705-025-2546-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11705-025-2546-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Integrating bimetallic oxides into peroxymonosulfate (PMS) based advanced oxidation processes is appealing to span the limited kinetics in view of the interaction between multiple active sites. Herein, the crednerite (CuMnO<sub>2</sub>) nanosheet, synthesized through a low-temperature hydrothermal method, has demonstrated significant potential for water remediation. The as-prepared CuMnO<sub>2</sub> sample was characterized by involving morphology, crystal texture, and physicochemical property. The catalytic activity of CuMnO<sub>2</sub> on PMS activation was evaluated, and the influence of PMS concentration, catalyst dosage, and pH value on the removal of bisphenol A (BPA) was investigated. Over an abroad pH range from 4.0 to 10.0, more than 90% BPA could be effectively removed after 60 min reaction with the lower dosages of 0.2 g·L<sup>−1</sup> catalyst and 0.4 mmol·L<sup>−1</sup> oxidant. In terms of reaction pathways, the metal (Cu/Mn)-hydroxyl moiety with cooperative effect and good redox cycle mediate the disaggregation of adsorbed PMS into surface-bound sulfate and hydroxyl radicals, which are mainly responsible for the swift elimination and mineralization of BPA in the CuMnO<sub>2</sub>/PMS system. This work provides a constructive paradigm for the development of a cost-effective heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction toward environmental purification.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":571,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haojie Li, Sanchita Chakrabarty, Vishnuvardhan Naidu Tanga, Marco Mancini, Michael Fischlschweiger
{"title":"Integrating Calphad and finite volume method for predicting non-equilibrium solidification of lithium metasilicate","authors":"Haojie Li, Sanchita Chakrabarty, Vishnuvardhan Naidu Tanga, Marco Mancini, Michael Fischlschweiger","doi":"10.1007/s11705-025-2543-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11705-025-2543-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Efficient recycling of lithium metasilicate (Li<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub>) from lithium-containing slag via a pyrometallurgical route demands a comprehensive understanding of its solidification process in the slag reactor. A simulation framework is developed to predict the heterogeneous phase distribution of Li<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub>, the temperature and velocity fields considering density changes in the solidifying melt, on the apparatus scale. This framework integrates thermodynamic models via calculation of phase diagrams with the enthalpy-porosity technique and the volume of fluid method within a finite volume approach, ensuring thermodynamic consistency and adherence to mass balance. Thus, the formation of Li<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub> from the liquid slag composed of Li<sub>2</sub>O-SiO<sub>2</sub> is described in space and temporal fields. Thereby, the interrelationship between the temperature field, enthalpy field, velocity field, and phase distribution of Li<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub> is revealed. It is shown that the lower temperature on reactor boundaries prompts the earlier formation of Li<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub> in the vicinity of the boundaries, which subsequently induces a downward flow due to the higher density of Li<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub>. The predicted global mass fraction of Li<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub> under non-equilibrium conditions is 11.5 wt % lower than that calculated using the global equilibrium assumption. This demonstrates the global non-equilibrium behavior on the process scale and its consequences on slag solidification.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":571,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11705-025-2543-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Toward sustainable hydrogen and carbon economies through plasma-based recycling","authors":"Guoxing Chen, Anke Weidenkaff","doi":"10.1007/s11705-025-2544-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11705-025-2544-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The transition to sustainable hydrogen and carbon economies is essential for addressing critical global issues such as climate change, resource depletion, and waste management. A vital strategy for low-carbon sustainability in the energy and chemical sectors is the chemical conversion of greenhouse gas into fuels and platform chemicals. Effective waste management, including waste-to-energy conversion and recycling, plays a crucial role in reducing emissions and promoting a circular economy. A key aspect of this transition is the development of innovative technologies that can transform waste into valuable resources while minimizing environmental impacts. Plasma-based recycling presents a promising solution, offering remarkable versatility for applications like waste upcycling and greenhouse gas conversion. These processes play a crucial role in advancing the development of sustainable carbon and hydrogen economies.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":571,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering","volume":"19 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New applications of dodecahedral bimetallic imidazolate frameworks in the robust and superior wear-resistant epoxy composites","authors":"Weilong Chen, Jinian Yang, Bingyi Li, Xia Xu, Peng Jin, Zhoufeng Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11705-025-2537-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11705-025-2537-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we put forward a facile strategy for preparing high-performance composites utilizing epoxy resin and dodecahedral bimetallic imidazolate frameworks as the matrix resin and wear-resisting agents, respectively, with varied weight ratios via a combination of sonochemical and solution-mixing methods. The results indicate that the synthesized bimetallic imidazolate frameworks possess a dodecahedral morphology, which is composed of nickel/cobalt transition metals and imidazolium salt organic ligands, dispersing homogeneously within the resin matrix. After carefully investigating the mechanical, dry-sliding and thermal properties, we have clearly demonstrated the significance of the added bimetallic imidazolate frameworks in endowing epoxy composites with excellent wear resistance. As the filler content increases, the epoxy composites display reliable mechanical properties and thermal stabilities. Meanwhile, compared with pure resin, the wear rate is significantly reduced by 92.3%, reaching the lowest value of 0.74 × 10<sup>−5</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>·Nm<sup>−1</sup>. Moreover, various characterizations have been carried out to reveal the wearing mechanism. This study aims to enhance the potential of bimetallic imidazolate frameworks in the applications of creating superior wear-resistant polymeric composites with satisfactory mechanical and thermal properties.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":571,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Controlled synthesis and advanced applications of ultralong carbon nanotubes","authors":"Fei Wang, Yanlong Zhao, Kangkang Wang, Khaixien Leu, Aike Xi, Qixuan Cai, Rufan Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11705-025-2538-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11705-025-2538-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon nanotubes have attracted extensive interest owing to their extraordinary properties and wide applications in many fields. Among various types of carbon nanotubes, only ultralong carbon nanotubes with macroscale lengths, low defect concentrations, and high degrees of alignment can fully demonstrate their intrinsic performance. These attributes make ultralong carbon nanotubes highly promising for applications in cutting-edge fields, such as carbon-based integrated circuits, ultra-strong fibers, and transparent conductive films. However, the mass production of ultralong carbon nanotubes with precise structural control remains a major challenge, limiting their widespread applications. In the past decades, great progress has been achieved in the study of ultralong carbon nanotubes. In this review, we summarized the growth mechanisms and the controlled synthesis strategies of ultralong carbon nanotubes. Then, we introduced the advanced applications of ultralong carbon nanotubes in many areas, such as field-effect transistors, sensors, and photodetectors. Finally, we discussed the remaining challenges and offered our perspectives on the future directions of this field.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":571,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advanced metal-contained composites for fluoride removal from wastewater: mechanism, preparation, properties and applications","authors":"Yiting Cheng, Xiuling Yang, Gaigai Duan, Chunmei Zhang, Weisen Yang, Hongliang Zhao, Wendong Du, Jianxiu Ma, Zhongfu Tang, Shaohua Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s11705-025-2540-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11705-025-2540-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the rapid development of society, fluoride pollution in the water environment caused by human activities and natural development has constituted one of the main causes of threat to human health and safety. Among the various fluoride removal technologies available, adsorption technology has been deeply explored by various scientists and has made great progress in the current emergency situation of fluoride-contaminated water sources, especially the adsorbents containing metal or metal ion materials, which have better results. This review first describes the various mechanisms of fluoride removal by adsorption, the different methods of preparation of the materials (electrospinning, hydrothermal, solvothermal, and so on), and the current applications of the materials in fluoride removal. Then, in terms of application, the influence of different factors on the fluoride removal capacity is presented. Finally, solutions to the current problems are proposed. However, to apply them to industry for large-scale use requires the continued exploration of various researchers to make the theoretical effects into practical ones, thus improving the environment on which we depend.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":571,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"State-of-the-art polymeric membranes and polymer derived membranes for simultaneous CO2 and H2S removal from sour natural gas","authors":"Luxin Sun, Qixuan Li, Kunying Li, Jiachen Chu, Yongsheng Li, Mengtao Wang, Zan Chen, Xiaohua Ma, Shouliang Yi","doi":"10.1007/s11705-025-2541-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11705-025-2541-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Natural gas is an important resource that ensures the energy supply and reduces CO<sub>2</sub> emissions simultaneously. However, many natural gases from well head contain a certain amount of acid gas, which must be removed to meet the pipeline requirement. Among the existing natural gas sweetening process, membrane technology is considered as a cost-effective, less energy intensive method that can remove both CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>S simultaneously. The membranes with high permeability, high selectivity, and good durability are developing very fast. In this review, we summarized the latest state-of-the-art membranes investigated for H<sub>2</sub>S/CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> separation applications, including conventional polymer membranes, polyimides, polymer of intrinsic microporosity, rubber polymers, carbon molecular sieve membranes, hollow fiber membranes, and membrane processes for H<sub>2</sub>S and CO<sub>2</sub> removal from natural gas.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":571,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guojie Li, Xuan Liang, Junlong Zhang, Bin Guo, Baoguang Mao, Hongming Sun, Aoxuan Wang, Qibo Deng, Chuntai Liu
{"title":"Stable lithium metal batteries enabled by Al-Li/LiF composite artificial interfacial layer","authors":"Guojie Li, Xuan Liang, Junlong Zhang, Bin Guo, Baoguang Mao, Hongming Sun, Aoxuan Wang, Qibo Deng, Chuntai Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11705-025-2539-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11705-025-2539-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lithium metal anode represents the ultimate solution for next-generation high-energy-density batteries but is plagued from commercialization by side reactions, substantial volume fluctuation, and the notorious growth of lithium dendrites. These hazardous issues are further aggravated under real-world conditions. In this study, a stable Al-Li/LiF artificial interphase with rapid ion transport pathways is created through a one-step chemical pretreatment process, effectively addressing these challenges simultaneously. As a consequence, the composite interfacial layer exhibits exceptional ionic conductivity, mechanical strength, and electrolyte wettability, ensuring swift Li<sup>+</sup> transfer diffusion while suppressing lithium dendrite growth. Remarkably, the Al-Li/LiF symmetric cell provides a cycle life exceeding 2300 h with a low polarization at 0.5 mA·cm<sup>−2</sup>. Furthermore, its enhanced cycling stability and capacity retention as well as capacity utilization stability pairing with LiFePO<sub>4</sub> and LiNi<sub>0.8</sub>Co<sub>0.1</sub>Mn<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>2</sub> cathodes, highlighting the proposed approach as a promising solution for practical Li metal batteries.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":571,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}