疫苗(英文)最新文献

{"title":"Impact of the Pneumococcal Heptavalent Conjugated Vaccine on Streptococcus pneumoniae Nasopharyngeal Carriage and Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Children 2-5-Year-Old in Beijing, China","authors":"M. Lv, S. Bai, Yanni Sun, Tie-gang Zhang, A. Li, Jiang Wu","doi":"10.4236/WJV.2017.73003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJV.2017.73003","url":null,"abstract":"Streptococcus pneumoniae is a primary cause of illness and death among children younger than 5 years in China. The heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was the only conjugated vaccine (PCV) available in China from 2008 to 2013. This randomized, controlled, open-label study conducted at 46 Beijing clinics involved 3281 healthy 2-5-year-old Chinese children, randomized 1:1 to receive one dose of the S. pneumoniae heptavalent conjugated vaccine (PCV7) (n = 1643) or Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine (Hib) (n = 1638). The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of PCV7 against that of Hib vaccination in the nasopharyngeal S. pneumoniae colonization in healthy Chinese children. Nasopharyngeal (NP) samples for culture, serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were collected before vaccination and at Day 60 and 180 post-vaccination. A total 3281 children were enrolled in the study. Demographic characteristics were similar among both study groups: 1641 children received PCV7. Before immunization, S. pneumoniae was isolated in 338 and 360 children in the PCV7 (144 PCV7 isolates) and Hib groups (145 PCV7 isolates), respectively. At Day 180, PCV7 vaccination was more effective than Hib vaccination in reduction NP carriage (20.2% [P = 0.052]) and new acquisition (19.0% [P = 0.066]). When reductions in NP carriage and new acquisition of PCV7 VT plus 6A was analyzed, reduction in the PCV7 vaccinated group achieved statistical significance (P = 0.034 and P = 0.042 versus Hib, respectively). NP carriage of NVT increased in both groups (P = 0.305 between study groups at Day 180). PCV7 decreased NP carriage of non-susceptible VT to amoxicillin (P = 0.000), ceftriaxone (P = 0.047) and MDR (P = 0.024) versus Hib. PCV7 vaccination in Chinese children 2 to 5 years of age was more effective than vaccination with Hib in the reduction of S. pneumoniae nasopharyngeal carriage, new acquisition and non-susceptible isolates.","PeriodicalId":57190,"journal":{"name":"疫苗(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41918825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Tat Protein Enhances CTL Responses and Therapeutic Immunity of Gag-Specific Exosome-Targeted T Cell-Based Gag/Tat-Texo Vaccine in Transgenic HLA-A2 Mice","authors":"Aizhang Xu, Jie Wu, Yufeng Xie, R. Chibbar, Andrew Fleywald, J. Xiang","doi":"10.4236/WJV.2017.72002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJV.2017.72002","url":null,"abstract":"Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) chronic infection causes millions of deaths each year. We previously developed a novel HIV-1 Gag-spe cific exosome (EXO)-targeted T cell-based vaccine (Gag-Texo) using ConAstimulated polyclonal CD8+T (ConA-T) cells armed with Gag-specific dendritic cell (DC)-released EXOs, and showed that Gag-Texo stimulated more efficient cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses than DCs. Tat HIV-1 early regulatory protein possesses immunomodulatory and adjuvant properties. To enhance Gag-Texo immunogenicity, we generated Tat-engineered OVA/Tat Texo and Gag/Tat-Texo vaccines using ConA-T cells armed with EXOs release by DCs infected with recombinant OVA/Tat- and Gag/Tat-expressing adenoviruses (AdVOVA/Tat and AdVGag/Tat). We then assessed vaccination-stimulated CTL responses in naive mice, and therapeutic immunity in transgenic HLA-A2 mice bearing Gag/HLA-A2-expressing BL6-10OVA/A2 melanoma lung metastases. We demonstrate that the OVA/Tat-Texo vaccine enhances functional OVA-specific CTL responses, compared to the OVA-Texo vaccine, and broadens CTL responses recognizing the cryptic OVA epitope in C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, we determine that the Gag/Tat-Texo not only stimulates more efficient CTL responses than Gag-Texo, but also induces enhanced therapeutic immunity. We show that, 30% of Gag/Tat-Texo-immunized mice are free of tumor lung-metastases, compared to all Gag-Texo-immunized mice displaying lung-metastasis. In addition, the average number of tumor lung metastases colonies (32/lung) in the Gag/Tat-Texo-immunized mice was also significantly lower than that (78/lung) observed in Gag-Texo-immunized mice. Taken together, this indicates that HIV-1 Gag/Tat-Texo capable of stimulating enhanced Gag-specific CTL responses and therapeutic immunity may become a new immunotherapeutic vaccine candidate for controlling virus in HIV-1 patients.","PeriodicalId":57190,"journal":{"name":"疫苗(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43432529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reported National Level Stock-Outs of Home-Based Records—A Quiet Problem for Immunization Programmes That Needs Attention","authors":"David W Brown, M. Gacic-Dobo","doi":"10.4236/WJV.2017.71001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJV.2017.71001","url":null,"abstract":"Home-based records (HBRs) are an important tool for recording and communicating within primary healthcare service delivery. Unfortunately, HBRs are currently unable to fulfil their intended purpose in many communities either because the HBR is not functionally well-designed to serve its objectives, not made available, not fully adopted and/or not appropriately utilized by caregivers and/or health workers. This brief report describes the occurrence of nationally reported HBR stock-outs and HBR financing patterns during 2014 and 2015 across 195 countries reporting immunization system performance data to the World Health Organization and United Nations Children’s Fund. National level HBR stock-outs were reported by 19 and 22 countries during 2014 and 2015, respectively, with eleven countries reporting stock-outs during both 2014 and 2015. During 2015, 12 of the 22 countries reporting HBR stock-outs were from the African Region and two-thirds of the countries were Gavi-eligible. Information on HBR stock-outs was either not available or not reported by 66 countries (19 were Gavi-eligible) for 2014 and 53 (11 were Gavi-eligible) countries for 2015. Among the 22 countries reporting HBR stock-outs in 2015, 12 (54%) countries reported a single HBR financing source, and nine (41%) countries reported more than one source for HBR financing. The occurrence of HBR stock-outs remains a concern, particularly in Gavi-eligible countries introducing new vaccines where dedicated funding is received for revising and printing new recording tools, including HBRs. Additional attention is needed to understand the root causes for stock-outs and identify solutions to ensure a well-designed, durable HBR is readily available in the right quantity, in the right place at the right time in all countries.","PeriodicalId":57190,"journal":{"name":"疫苗(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49550349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Viral Antigen Levels on the Serological Response and Efficiency of the Binary Ethylenimine-Inactivated Bluetongue Virus Serotype-16 Vaccine","authors":"Le Li, Haisheng Miao, D. Liao, M. Kou, Lin Gao, Huachun Li","doi":"10.4236/WJV.2016.64007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJV.2016.64007","url":null,"abstract":"Bluetongue (BT) is a serious hemorrhagic disease of ruminants caused by bluetongue virus (BTV). Inactive BTV vaccines have been successful in field trials in some areas, and inactivated vaccines are considered safer. However, information about the effect of the viral antigen level on the serological response and efficiency of the inactive BTV-16 vaccine is lacking. In the present study, the serological response and efficiency of the viral antigen concentration in the binary ethylenimine-inactivated Chinese BTV serotype-16 vaccine were investigated. The viral antigens in the viral suspension (VS) were quantified using a modified BTV AC-ELISA method. Four batches of vaccine containing 1, 5, 10, and 50 μg/ml of viral antigen were generated from the VS. Four groups of naive Chinese sheep were vaccinated with the different vaccine batches, and the serological response and vaccine efficiency were investigated before and after challenge infection. The vaccines containing 10 and 50 μg/ml of viral antigen induced significant ELISA and neutralizing antibody titers 14 days after vaccination, whereas the vaccines containing 1 and 5 μg/ml of viral antigen did not have these effects. A booster immunization at 21 days enhanced all groups’ antibody titers; however, the increased titer was related to the viral antigen level. In contrast to the serological response, the viral antigen level of the vaccines did not have a significant effect on the vaccine efficiency. With the exception of one sheep from the 5 μg/ml viral antigen group, all vaccinated sheep from the four antigen level groups showed strong resistance to infection based on their clinical symptoms, rectal temperatures and viremia. Collectively, these data suggested that viral antigen levels from 1 to 50 μg/ml had a significant effect on the serological response of the animals but a limited effect on the vaccine efficiency. The BTV-16 vaccine containing 1 μg/ml of viral antigen was sufficient to achieve high efficiency, but only the vaccines with more than 10 μg/ml of antigen induced a significant antibody response. To obtain a better serological response, we suggest the use of vaccines with more than 10 μg/ml of viral antigen. The findings in the study will be useful for BTV vaccine production.","PeriodicalId":57190,"journal":{"name":"疫苗(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70896024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relevant Facts from Aerosol Measles Vaccine Studies","authors":"F. Jorge, M. Garcia-Garcia, J. Díaz-Ortega, Deyanira Castaneda","doi":"10.4236/WJV.2016.63006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJV.2016.63006","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the facts regarding measles aerosol vaccination have been quite thoroughly dealt with in the book by S. Plotkin, Mass Vaccination: Global Aspects—Progress and Obstacles (2006 Ed) [1]. However, there are some aspects mentioned there that should perhaps have been emphasized more strongly and others that have emerged as relevant issues since then. We shall start with the quite important point that in the Sabin et al. [2] first study made in Monterrey, N. L., Mexico [3], antibody reaction for recipients of respiratory-route Edmonston-Zagreb vaccines was not fully developed (100%) until six months after aerosol inhalation. At six weeks, only 90% had increased blood levels of antibody, a fact for which there is no easy explanation, but one which should be considered when dealing with serologic evaluation of measles vaccines given by aerosol in which shortterm results less than encouraging. Results of the second study performed by Sabin et al. in Monterrey [2] establish that the percentage of sero-responses is directly dose-dependent. In turn, the dose itself depends on at least three facts: 1) concentration of virus in the vaccine used; 2) kind of nebulizer used; and 3) time of exposure. Another point to be stressed is that the vaccine used in the first trials [1]-[3], as well in the aerosol mass vaccination in Mexico, though originally the Ickic strain attenuated in HDP, was also grown for final harvesting in HDP (MRC-5), whereas current Edmonston-Zagreb vaccines are obtained by final culture in chick embryo fibroblasts that provide 1 log more final product, more beneficial from an economic point of view, but not for adaptation to human tissues. A crucial consideration in aerosol measles mass campaigns is the lack of electricity/ energy supply, particularly in rural communities. To deal with these issues, a rudimentary assembly was utilized to produce the aerosol for mass vaccinations performed during the serious Mexican epidemic of 1990-1991: a tire pump connected to a Clay-Adams nebulizer. As this equipment works only with direct current, a car battery was used to supply sufficient energy to vaccinate thousands of children.","PeriodicalId":57190,"journal":{"name":"疫苗(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70895510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Influencing Routine Vaccination of Children of Mothers Live-Stock Retailers in the Markets of Yaoundé","authors":"Nguefack Félicitée, T. Christiane, D. Roger, Tatah Sandra, Fodoung Wamba Danny Stève, C. Andreas, Kago Innocent, Kobela Marie","doi":"10.4236/WJV.2016.62004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJV.2016.62004","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The job of mothers though having a positive impact on the family could be detrimental to children’s health due to her unavailability. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out from March to August 2014. Mothers of children aged 11 - 48 months were interviewed to determine factors which could influence the vaccination of their children. Results: A total of 265 mothers were interviewed. Despite their occupations, they completely vaccinated all of their children. The vaccination coverage of tracer antigens (third dose of DPT/HiB/HepB) was high 97.7% as well as the proportion of children completely vaccinated (91.7%). A mastery of the vaccination calendar of the site, and resumption of activities when the children were more than 4 months old, significantly influenced the completion of vaccination. Only 6 children (2.3%) were not correctly or incompletely vaccinated. The reason given by their mothers were: the lack of time (45.0%), the adverse effects of vaccines (27.0%), forgetfulness (18%), and shortage of vaccines supplies (5.0%). Conclusions: Occupation was not a hindrance to the vaccination of children of live-stock retailers. The problem of absent or incomplete vaccination could be overcome by improving the strategies of social mobilisation, permitting the sensitisation of mothers hesitant to vaccinate their children. A regular supply of vaccines will reduce the missed opportunities, thus maintaining high vaccination coverage in this social group.","PeriodicalId":57190,"journal":{"name":"疫苗(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70895800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human CD4- CD8- Invariant Natural Killer T Cells Promote IgG Secretion from B Cells Stimulated by Cross-Linking of Their Antigen Receptors","authors":"T. Miyasaka, Y. Watanabe, Y. Akahori, Namiko Miyamura, K. Ishii, Y. Kinjo, Y. Miyazaki, Tianyi Liu, Y. Uemura, K. Kawakami","doi":"10.4236/WJV.2016.62005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJV.2016.62005","url":null,"abstract":"Immunoglobulin (Ig) M production can be induced by the interaction of thymus-independent type-2 (TI-2) antigen (Ag) with B cell Ag receptors (BCRs) without the involvement of conventional T cells; for IgG production through the same process, however, a second signal is required. Previous studies have reported that invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells may be responsible for the second signal involved in IgG production. In the present study, we addressed whether human iNKT cells could participate in the production of Ig against TI-2 Ag in vitro. Two major distinct subsets of human iNKT cells, CD4+ CD8β- (CD4) and CD4- CD8β- [double negative (DN)] cells, were generated from peripheral blood monocytes from a healthy volunteer. BCR engagement, triggered by anti-IgM antibody stimulation, examined here as a model of BCR engagement triggered by TI-2 Ag, induced abundant IgM production by B cells. Both CD4 and DN iNKT cells reduced IgM production and conversely enhanced IgG production in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, IgG production by CD19+CD27- (naive) and CD19+CD27+ (memory) B cells was predominantly promoted by DNiNKT cells rather than CD4 iNKT cells; nevertheless, IgM production by both B cell subsets was similarly reduced by either subset of iNKT cells. These results suggest that the DN iNKT subsets may preferentially promote Ig class switching by B cells upon stimulation with TI-2 Ag.","PeriodicalId":57190,"journal":{"name":"疫苗(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70895423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practice of Controlled Temperature Chain (CTC) Technique during a Mass Vaccination Campaign in Côte d’Ivoire","authors":"D. Kouassi, L. Aka, B. V. J. Bénié, Soplé Ruth Coulibaly, Dodji Blaise Tagodé, D. Coulibaly, K. Koffi, P. Lydon, Anna-Léa Kahn, O. Ronveaux","doi":"10.4236/WJV.2016.61003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJV.2016.61003","url":null,"abstract":"Background: MenAfriVacTM is the first of the World Health Organization (WHO)’s pre-qualified vaccines to be allowed to mass vaccination campaign at a temperature below or equal to 40°C during 4 days. This new vaccination practice has already been used in some African countries. This article described the opinion and use of this new technique by actors on the field, during a mass vaccination campaign in Cote d’Ivoire, in December 2014. Methods: We conducted a crosssectional study on the practice of CTC by actors on the field and their perception on the new practice, during a mass vaccination campaign in 2 of 25 health districts in Cote d’Ivoire, in December 2014. Findings: As results, in Seguela 98.25% of respondents expressed a favourable opinion of CTC, citing advantages such as vaccine carriers requiring no ice packs (29.2%), financial benefit (12.28%) and lighter vaccine carriers (5.26%). In Bouna, respondents gave the same advantages in, respectively, 34%, 2% and 8% of cases. The peak of the total of vials used for immunization sessions reached 376 vials at day one, then dropped to 235 vials at day three and 220 vials at day six. Discussion: Vaccinators found some benefits related to CTC practice, but on the field, they were cautious in using CTC technique.","PeriodicalId":57190,"journal":{"name":"疫苗(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70895768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spontaneous Rabies in a Stray Bitch after Parturition Induced Immunosuppression —Investigating an Impending Outbreak of Rabies with One Health Approach","authors":"O. Bharti, Hamender Sharma, Uppinder Kumar Sharma, Archana Phull","doi":"10.4236/WJV.2016.61001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJV.2016.61001","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rabies is endemic in India and every half an hour a person dies of this dreaded disease. Stray roaming dogs, mostly unvaccinated, are most dangerous host in spread of rabies in India and in our state of Himachal Pradesh. Timely prophylaxis is the only method to save animal bite victims, including that of rabid dog bite patients. Objectives: Objective of this study was to investigate an impending outbreak of rabies in Shimla town in the absence of life saving rabies immunoglobulins (RIGs) in the market, and to know the source of infection by using one health approach and using epidemiological tools. Methods: On April 7, 2015, there was a sudden surge in cases of suspected rabid dog bites. Impending rabies outbreak was suspected as there were no RIGs available in the market. A rapid Response Team (RRT) consisting of the author, veterinary doctor, dog squad of Municipal Corporation (MC) Shimla along with the vehicles to impound rabid dogs was constituted to investigate the terror spread by two rabid dogs on biting spree in the Shimla Municipality. Results: A total of 18 people were bitten by suspected rabid dogs within three days period. A black bitch and a brown dog, on the identity of affected people, were captured by the dog squad of Municipality next day on April 8, 2015 and taken to Dog Sterilization Centre, Animal Birth Control (ABC) programme, MC Shimla for observation. The most furious Black bitch died of clinically confirmed symptoms of furious rabies after three days. The second rabid dog, brown in color, died after a month of observation due to paralytic dumb rabies. The brain of the brown dog was extracted for Fluorescent Antibody Testing (FAT) at central research Institute (CRI) Kasauli and was found to be positive for FAT. Follow up of patients was 100% by house to house visit and over telephone and no casualty was reported. Conclusion: While we were working on hypothesis of rabid dogs getting the infection from nearby forest about 8 - 10 KM away but on follow up of the patients, they reported that both the dog and bitch used to stay in the compound of their colony since the bitch was pregnant and there was no history of the bitch moving for away to forests neither any outside dog which was seen near them in the compound. This led us to think of other causes of what must had happened to the bitch that caused her to be rabid as for the past 9 years we had observed bitches becoming rabid after litter birth (Whelping) and making their pups rabid due to licking. Since the carrier state for rabies virus in bitches/dogs is known and a state of immunosuppression after whelping/parturition is also known, therefore there is a possibility of latent rabies virus getting activated due to immunosuppression after litter birth and it is thought to be as one of the probable causes of black bitch getting rabid and inflicting the infection to accompanying brown dog. We need to do further studies to ascertain this phenomenon before coming to ","PeriodicalId":57190,"journal":{"name":"疫苗(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70895718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Live and Inactivated Salmonella Enteritidis Vaccines: Immune Mechanisms in Broiler Breeders","authors":"Letícia Dal Bérto, B. Beirão, T. F. Filho, M. Ingberman, Celso Fávaro, R. Tavella, Rebeca Buest de Mesquita Silva, L. Caron","doi":"10.4236/WJV.2015.54018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJV.2015.54018","url":null,"abstract":"Salmonella is a ubiquitous pathogen which, in addition to causing poultry diseases, has a growing zoonotic impact. It has demanded the implementation of diverse control strategies, in which vaccines play a major role. The understanding of the immune pathways elicited by the different vaccines is important, contributing for the establishment of strong immune correlates of protection, for instance. With the purpose of determining the dynamics of the humoral and cellular immune responses to vaccination, broiler breeders (Cobb Slow) were immunized with live or inactivated vaccines against Salmonella Enteritidis. Lymphocyte and macrophage subsets were analyzed in the peripheral blood by flow cytometry and antigen-specific circulating IgY and mucosal IgA were quantified. The markers analyzed by flow cytometry were CD8/CD28, CD4/TCRVβ1, Kul/ MHC II and Bu-1. Both live and inactivated vaccines induced an increase in the proportion of circulating monocytes (Kul+MHCII+) in some time points compared to non-vaccinated controls. However, whereas the live vaccine leads to an increase in CD8-CD28+ and Bu-1+ lymphocytescompared to the control group, the inactivated vaccine prompteda reduction in the percentage of severalleucocyte subsets (Kul-MHCII+, Bu-1+, CD8+CD28+, CD8-CD28+, CD4+TCRVβ1-, CD4+TCRVβ1+, CD4-TCRVβ1+) after the boost dose. Both vaccines induced specific serum IgY and mucosal IgA production; however, the inactivated vaccine stimulated higher titers in a shorter period. These results contribute to the understanding of mechanisms of action of live and inactivated Salmonella vaccines in chickens.","PeriodicalId":57190,"journal":{"name":"疫苗(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70895854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}