老年问题研究(英文)最新文献_第5页

Social and Health Status of Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Nepal 尼泊尔社区老年人的社会和健康状况

老年问题研究(英文) Pub Date : 2019-07-31 DOI: 10.4236/aar.2019.84005

H. Chalise, Ed Rosenberg

{"title":"Social and Health Status of Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Nepal","authors":"H. Chalise, Ed Rosenberg","doi":"10.4236/aar.2019.84005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aar.2019.84005","url":null,"abstract":"span style=\"font-family:Verdana;\">Background: Most developing countries are ageing at unprecedented rates, yet they \u0000are relatively under-studied regarding the demographic and health status of the \u0000older population. This in turn inhibits appropriate, positive societal responses. This study presents the \u0000socio-demographic and health status of older adults in Nepal. Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of structured interview data collected by \u0000the Central Department of Population Studies at Tribhuvan University (TU) via a cross-sectional survey of community-dwelling \u0000persons age 60+ in the Pharping area of Kathmandu. For this study, there were 1326 valid responses. Results: Respondents’ mean age was 69.92 years (sd = 7.82). \u0000The majority (70%) was illiterate. Nearly 3/5 of women were widowed (58.4%), which nearly doubles the male rate (31.8%). Over three-quarters of respondents (78.6%) were living with family members, far more than \u0000with spouse only (11.6%), alone (6.2%) or with others \u0000(3.6%). Only 9.2% of respondents received a \u0000pension, and over seventy percent of respondents (70.7%) were still working. \u0000About three-quarters (76.5%) of respondents had physical health problems; 14.6% had some physical disability, and 52.6% self-reported a mental health problem. \u0000Statistically significant (p 0.01) gender differences were found for marital \u0000status, literacy, living arrangements, pensions, physical health problems, and \u0000mental health problems. Conclusions: Like most nations, Nepal is ageing rapidly. There \u0000are gender differences that can differentially affect the experiences of older \u0000men and women. Nepal should increase the quantity and quality of data \u0000describing its older population so it can continue to develop appropriate, \u0000effective social and health programs and services to reduce gender disparities \u0000and maximize elderly quality of life.","PeriodicalId":56467,"journal":{"name":"老年问题研究(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44581597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Evidence of Care of the Aged in Ghanaian Communities—A Scoping Review 加纳社区老年人护理的证据——范围审查

老年问题研究(英文) Pub Date : 2019-05-30 DOI: 10.4236/AAR.2019.83004

Irene Korkoi Aboh, Akon Ndiok, B. Ncama

{"title":"Evidence of Care of the Aged in Ghanaian Communities—A Scoping Review","authors":"Irene Korkoi Aboh, Akon Ndiok, B. Ncama","doi":"10.4236/AAR.2019.83004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AAR.2019.83004","url":null,"abstract":"Sub-Saharan Africa population is increasing in age with little acknowledgement on the consequences of the issues of ageing. Aim: To explore and describe evidence in published literature on care given to the aged at home and how they prepare for their ageing. Method: The study applied the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) framework for systematic literature reviews using the population, intervention, comparison and outcome (PICO) method to track the eligibility of research questions. This method was the most appropriate for use in exploring the current position in available literature for that of Ghana. The research was performed using five electronic databases from January to July 2017 taking into consideration the set inclusion and exclusion criteria. Only studies written in English were considered and a total of 18 articles met the study criteria. Reviewers extracted primary studies comprising quantitative, qualitative and critical reviews. Result: The literature review showed shortcomings in care for the aged at home. From the search, six core themes were generated: neglect of aged care; aged care for the younger generation; aged living arrangements; government neglect; preparedness; and care of the aged in Ghana. Conclusion: This review offered significant insight into care for the aged in their homes. The inclusive nature of the rigorous approach used provided a good understanding of underlying issues on the needs of the aged. Challenges for future are broadened in scope for more research and effective awareness for interventional projects, services on care given to the aged.","PeriodicalId":56467,"journal":{"name":"老年问题研究(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42981990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prevention of Hearing Loss by Alteration of the Systemic Immune System 通过改变全身免疫系统来预防听力损失

老年问题研究(英文) Pub Date : 2019-03-29 DOI: 10.4236/AAR.2019.82003

H. Iwai, M. Inaba, D. B. Van, Kensuke Suzuki, Tomofumi Sakagami, Yasutaka Yun, Yoshiki Kobayashi, A. Kanda

{"title":"Prevention of Hearing Loss by Alteration of the Systemic Immune System","authors":"H. Iwai, M. Inaba, D. B. Van, Kensuke Suzuki, Tomofumi Sakagami, Yasutaka Yun, Yoshiki Kobayashi, A. Kanda","doi":"10.4236/AAR.2019.82003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AAR.2019.82003","url":null,"abstract":"Although congenital sensorineural hearing loss (SHL) in the bilateral cochleae mainly results from genetic abnormalities, chronic SHL progressing in later life is often influenced by systemic immune disturbances, including autoimmunity, chronic inflammation, and immunosenescence. We have investigated the relationship between the inner ear and systemic immunity and reviewed the possibilities to prevent SHL, including autoimmune SHL and age-related SHL. We also demonstrated two lymphocyte populations, interleukin 1 receptor type II (IL-1R2)-positive T cells (T1R2) and naturally occurring regulatory T cells (nTregs) in CD4+ T cells, which increase with aging, suppress host immune function and promote organ degeneration. Alterations in systemic immunity by fewer microbial antigen challenges in the living environment, elimination of immune suppressive lymphocytes, or immune rejuvenation with a reconstituted thymus may contribute not only to renew the cochlear function in SHL, but also to extend the healthy life of functional organs in a vigorous and youthful body, one of humanity’s greatest dreams.","PeriodicalId":56467,"journal":{"name":"老年问题研究(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41791334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bone Marrow Cells Obtained from Old Animals Differ from the Young Animals Cells in Their Ability to Divide and in Response to the Presence of Liver Fibrosis in Primary Culture 在原代培养中，从老年动物获得的骨髓细胞在分裂能力和对肝纤维化的反应方面与年轻动物细胞不同

老年问题研究(英文) Pub Date : 2019-01-31 DOI: 10.4236/aar.2019.81002

S. Ohiienko, A. Bozhkov, A. Y. Bondar, E. G. Ivanov, I. Ionov

{"title":"Bone Marrow Cells Obtained from Old Animals Differ from the Young Animals Cells in Their Ability to Divide and in Response to the Presence of Liver Fibrosis in Primary Culture","authors":"S. Ohiienko, A. Bozhkov, A. Y. Bondar, E. G. Ivanov, I. Ionov","doi":"10.4236/aar.2019.81002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aar.2019.81002","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamics of bone marrow cells number (BMC) in the primary culture isolated from young (3 months) and old (20 months) Wistar rats was investigated. Proliferative activity of BMC of old animals was 2 times higher than that of young animals in the primary culture. Such superiority of the proliferative activity of BMC in the primary culture obtained from old animals is associated with the ability to actively divide lymphocytes and longer “lifespan” of segmented neutrophils obtained from old animals. It should be noted, that the lymphocytes of young animals did not proliferate in the primary culture. The content of intracellular calcium in BMC in the cells of old animals was 3 times higher compared with cells of young animals, which revealed the relationship of intracellular calcium and proliferative activity of BMC. Induction of liver fibrosis led to an increase in the lymphocyte content in young animals by 167%, and in old ones only by 26%, while the lymphocytes of young animals acquired the ability to proliferate in the primary culture. It has been suggested that such differences in the behavior of BMC in primary culture obtained in young and old animals reflect differences in the BMC microenvironment of young and old animals, which leads to changes in the epigenetic-metabolic characteristics of BMC.","PeriodicalId":56467,"journal":{"name":"老年问题研究(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70447834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Relationship between Traffic Related Air Pollutants and Cognitive Function among Elderly in Egypt 交通相关空气污染物与埃及老年人认知功能的关系

老年问题研究(英文) Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/aar.2019.81001

Tomader Taha Abdel Rahman, M. M. Monier, S. Hakim, Lamyaa Kamel Ebrahim

引用次数: 1

Therapeutic Walks in Virtual Nature 虚拟自然中的治疗行走

老年问题研究(英文) Pub Date : 2018-11-14 DOI: 10.4236/aar.2018.76010

Benny Rigaux-Bricmont

{"title":"Therapeutic Walks in Virtual Nature","authors":"Benny Rigaux-Bricmont","doi":"10.4236/aar.2018.76010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aar.2018.76010","url":null,"abstract":"Can the benefits of nature walks for psychological well-being and cognitive ability be replicated in a purely virtual environment? The private island of Natmoud was built in the virtual world of Second Life (SL) to see whether immersion in such an environment is possibly therapeutic (see Appendix). This exploratory study is based on a small convenience sample of SL residents who were invited by the author’s avatar to visit Natmoud island. The subjects were asked to comment in writing on their experience while there. Reading and analyzing these comments with TROPES semantic software allows us to identify the main factors contributing to a relaxing and comforting atmosphere with an analysis of word associations. The implicit hypothesis that a virtual representation of nature can be soothing is confirmed. We also find that wildlife—which is abundant on the island *—appears to be the main feature that catches the attention of walkers. Given that these verbatim transcripts from a small convenience sample reflect, with one exception, the emotions felt by women, the results cannot really be generalized. In the analyses, the anonymity of the avatars is preserved by using initials, even though in all the cases the participants consented to the reproduction of the emotions they expressed.","PeriodicalId":56467,"journal":{"name":"老年问题研究(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47503810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perspective of Elderly on Age-Friendliness of Services Provided in Primary Healthcare Centers of Dubai Health Authority: Focus Groups Discussions 老年人对迪拜卫生局初级保健中心服务的年龄友好性的看法：焦点小组讨论

老年问题研究(英文) Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.4236/AAR.2018.76011

T. Farid, A. Jaziri, Soha Abdelziz Abdelal, A. Alshaali, M. Taryam, N. Monsef, A. Hashemi, Hamidah Saleh Al Shaibany

引用次数: 1

Clinical Application of Dynamic Gait Index-Brazilian Brief Version 动态步态指数-巴西简易版的临床应用

老年问题研究(英文) Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.4236/AAR.2018.76009

C. Taguchi, Élida Costa, Lucas Vieira Alves, L. Santos, Erbson Rodrigues de Oliveira Silva, Brenda Carla Lima Araújo, F. A. D. Santos, Allan Robert da Silva

{"title":"Clinical Application of Dynamic Gait Index-Brazilian Brief Version","authors":"C. Taguchi, Élida Costa, Lucas Vieira Alves, L. Santos, Erbson Rodrigues de Oliveira Silva, Brenda Carla Lima Araújo, F. A. D. Santos, Allan Robert da Silva","doi":"10.4236/AAR.2018.76009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AAR.2018.76009","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In elderly, the progressive degenerations in the nervous system and vestibular system compromise the human body balance leading to a greater risk of falls. The Dynamic Gait Index is a protocol that predicts risks to falls in seniors. Objective: To analyze the results of the application of the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI)-Brazilian brief proposal and establish correlation with the original version. Methods: Study approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of Federal University of Sergipe (number 0197.0.107000.09). We analyzed 223 files of socially active elderly, female gender, aged ranged 60 to 85 years, mean 68.54 (±7.61) years since 2014. The volunteers were evaluated by the DGI-Brazil. For the statistical analysis, the Pearson Correlation Momentum Correlation Test with Spearman Correlation was used, with p ≤ 0.05 and r = 1.0. Results: Sixty-three (27.8%) of the volunteers presented an altered DGI scores. The statistical analysis indicated that Task 1 and Task 2 did not contribute to decrease the total score in the test. The worst performances occurred in Tasks 3, 5 and 6. There was founded a positive correlation between Tasks 1 and 2; 1 and 8; 3 and 4; 3 and 5; 4 and 5; 2 and 4; 2 and 7. Negative correlation occurred between Tasks 4 and 8, and 6 was not correlated with another Task. Conclusion: The DGI-Brazilian brief version presented an excellent correlation with the original proposal and may be useful in clinical practice as a tool to evidence future risks of falls in the elderly people.","PeriodicalId":56467,"journal":{"name":"老年问题研究(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45659674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Telomeres and Telomerase: Molecular Views and Perspectives 端粒和端粒酶:分子的观点和观点

老年问题研究(英文) Pub Date : 2018-09-20 DOI: 10.4236/AAR.2018.75008

K. Arvind, T. Grace

{"title":"Telomeres and Telomerase: Molecular Views and Perspectives","authors":"K. Arvind, T. Grace","doi":"10.4236/AAR.2018.75008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AAR.2018.75008","url":null,"abstract":"Telomere, the nucleoprotein structure at the end of eukaryotic linear chromosomes is indispensable for maintaining the genome stability. Telomeric DNA loss is apparent with each cell division, which marks an endpoint to the indefinite replication of the cell by causing replicative senescence that may lead to the programmed cell death. The loss of telomere is normal in cell division and as such after 20 - 40 divisions, telomere becomes too short to facilitate the capping function. Telomere uncapping or chromosomal free end causes a potential threat to the genomic stability and thus leads to the accumulation of chromosomal abnormalities that have been known to play a role in aging and cancer. Telomerase, the ribonucleoprotein complex, and its accessory proteins are required to maintain the telomere sequence. Telomerase plays a key role in maintaining the length of telomere by adding G-rich repeat sequences. Its activity has been found to be quite high in the gametes, stem cells and most importantly tumor cells. Almost 85% of tumor cells compensate for telomere loss aided by telomerase-associated protein complex and shelter in complex or telosome. However, 5% - 10% of the cells undergo telomerase-independent mechanism. This review presents the molecular view of the telomere and telomerase along with its associated complex structures. It also discusses its contrasting role in causing cellular senescence and promoting tumorigenesis.","PeriodicalId":56467,"journal":{"name":"老年问题研究(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45726765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Menopause among Yemen Women 也门妇女的更年期

老年问题研究(英文) Pub Date : 2018-07-09 DOI: 10.4236/aar.2018.74006

Fawzia AbdulHalim, Amat Alkhlig Mehras, A. Assabri, Mohamed Alkobaty, S. Alawadi, Ammar Albourhi

{"title":"Menopause among Yemen Women","authors":"Fawzia AbdulHalim, Amat Alkhlig Mehras, A. Assabri, Mohamed Alkobaty, S. Alawadi, Ammar Albourhi","doi":"10.4236/aar.2018.74006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aar.2018.74006","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Age at menopause, influencing factors associated, symptoms related and protective health behavior vary among populations. Objectives: Objectives of the study were to estimate the age at menopause, identify associated factors, assess the prevalence of menopausal symptoms and relate protective health behavior among Yemeni women. Methodology: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 1000 women naturally menopause aged 40 - 60 recruited from women community Centres in Sana’a city. Results: The mean age at menopause was found to be 47.8 ± 1.2 years. Significant influencing factors were genetic, biological, physical characteristics, weight, height, BMI, and physiological characteristic, such as menarche age, reproductive history, parity and abortion. Socioeconomic status had no significant influence. Most prevalent menopausal symptoms were hot flushes and sleep problems. The great majority of the women did not practice any special protective health behavior. Conclusion: Further studies on menopause phenomena are needed. Protective health behavior education efforts are made to increase women knowledge about menopause and promote menopausal women quality of life.","PeriodicalId":56467,"journal":{"name":"老年问题研究(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41646741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2