Slovak Raptor Journal最新文献

{"title":"Winter ranging behaviour of a greater spotted eagle (Aquila clanga) in southeast Spain during four consecutive years","authors":"J. Pérez-García, Urmas Sellis, Ü. Väli","doi":"10.2478/srj-2014-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/srj-2014-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Knowing the winter behaviour is essential for deciding on conservation strategies for threatened migratory species such as the greater spotted eagle (Aquila clanga). Fidelity and inter-annual variation in winter home range of an Estonian greater spotted eagle were studied during the first four years of its life by means ofGPS satellite telemetry in south-eastern Spain. Results show the eagle exploited a small area (1 2.7 km2, 95% kernel) with high inter-annual fidelity during all winter stages. The A. clanga preferred marshes and water bodies and avoided irrigated crops and urban areas. Waterfowl hunting did not show any effect on the spatial pattern of the eagle’s behaviour, although water level management in reservoirs could influence their use by the A. clanga. Our study highlights that the wintering home range may be limited to a small suitable habitat patch where human activities, especially water reservoir management, should be regulated Abstrakt Nevyhnutným predpokladom efektívnych ochranárskych opatrení je poznanie zimného správania ohrozeného migrujúceho druhu, akým je orol hrubozobý (Aquila clanga). Fidelita a medzirocná variabilita charakteristík zimného okrsku jedinca orla hrubozobého pochádzajúceho z Estónska sa sledovala pocas prvých štyroch rokov jeho života pomocou GPS-satelitnej telemetrie v juhovýchodnom Španielsku. Z výsledkov vyplýva, že orol využíval pocas zimy len malé územie (1 2,7 km2, 95 %-ný kernel) s vysokou medzirocnou fidelitou. A. clanga preferoval mokrade a vodné plochy a vyhýbal sa zavlažovaným polným kultúram a urbanizovaným územiam. Polovacky na vodné vtáctvo neovplyvnili charakter priestorového správania orla, avšak výška vodnej hladiny vodných rezervoárov mala vplyv na ich využitie sledovaným jedincom. Z výsledkov našej štúdie možno zdôraznit, že zimný domovský okrsok môže byt priestorovo obmedzený na malé plochy vhodného habitatu, kde by ludská cinnost, najmä manažment vodných rezervoárov, mala byt regulovaná","PeriodicalId":56343,"journal":{"name":"Slovak Raptor Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85109845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Movement of satellite-tracked juvenile saker falcons (Falco cherrug) in SW Slovakia","authors":"V. Nemček, J. Chavko, L. Deutschová","doi":"10.2478/srj-2014-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/srj-2014-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract During the period 2008-2011 nine juvenile saker falcon females from SW Slovakia were tracked with satellite telemetry. The movement of four of those females tagged with satellite tracking devices was analysed in 2011 (two juveniles for 6 months, one for 5 months and one for 3 months). The analysis of the collision risk with wind turbines also used telemetry data from previous years (2008-2009) - five birds tracked from abandoning their nest to abandoning their post-fledging areas (i.e. 45, 48, 37, 11 3 and 1 34 days). The juveniles visited 1 3 different countries during their post-fledging dispersal and migration. Maximum distance from the nest varied between 1 53 and 2094 km. For two birds the cause of death was recorded: one female was electrocuted and other female was probably also electrocuted. We also evaluated two factors of potential wind turbine threat: a) the distance ofGPS locations from the nearest wind turbines in the vicinity of post-fledging areas, b) numbers ofwind turbines in post-fledging areas. Assessment of the collision risk with wind turbines showed low risk for the tracked individuals. Two of four tracked birds were at medium risk (2-5 km) from wind turbines. The highest risk for the young falcons comes from wind turbines in neighbouring countries, where they are constructed near borders Abstrakt Pocas rokov 2008-2011 bolo sledovaných satelitnou telemetriou 9 juvenilných samíc sokola rároha s pomocou satelitnej telemetrie. Pohyb bol analyzovaný pre štyri samice z nich, oznacené satelitnými vysielackami v roku 2011 (dva juvenily sa sledovali pocas 6 mesiacov, jeden pocas 5 mesiacov a jeden pocas 3 mesiacov). V analýze rizika kolízie s veternými turbínami boli tiež použité údaje zo satelitnej telemetrie z predchádzajúcich rokov (2008−2009) - pät jedincov sledovaných od opustenia hniezda po opustenie oblasti obývanej po vyletení (45, 48, 37, 11 3 a 1 34 dní). Juvenily navštívili 1 3 rozlicných krajín pocas disperzie po opustení hniezdiska. Maximálna vzdialenost od hniezda kolísala medzi 1 53 až 2094 km. Pri dvoch vtákoch bola zaznamenaná prícina smrti - jedna samica bola usmrtená elektrickým prúdom a dalšia samica bola tiež pravdepodobne usmrtená elektrickým prúdom. Tiež sme hodnotili dva faktory potenciálneho ohrozenia veternými turbínami - a) vzdialenost GPS lokácií od najbližších veterných turbín v okolí oblasti obývanej po vyletení, b) pocet veterných turbín nachádzajúcich sa v oblasti obývanej po vyletení. Zhodnotenie rizika kolízie s veternými turbínami ukázalo nízke riziko pre sledované jedince. Dva zo štyroch sledovaných vtáky boli v strednom ohrození veternými turbínami. Najvyššie riziko pre mladé sokoly predstavujú veterné turbíny v susedných krajinách - postavené blízko hraníc","PeriodicalId":56343,"journal":{"name":"Slovak Raptor Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89512439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Status of the eastern imperial eagle population in Slovakia between 1977 and 2013","authors":"J. Chavko, L. Deutschová, Š. Danko, J. Mihók, Bedrich Landsfeld, Jirí Pavelka, Ladislav Šnírer, S. Harvančík, Andrej Dubravský, Leonidas Prešinský, Richard Galaš","doi":"10.2478/SRJ-2014-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/SRJ-2014-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Between 1 977 and 201 3 nesting of 72 different pairs of imperial eagle was recorded in Slovakia. The nesting population in Slovakia is concentrated in two subpopulations with the nesting area distant about 200 km. In Eastern Slovakia nesting of 42 pairs was recorded whilst in Western Slovakia 30 pairs were nesting. Authors present results of 37 years period of survey focused on distribution and trend of nesting population, as well as habitat preferences of the species. The paper compares results from Western and Eastern Slovakia. From Western Slovakia further data are evaluated, such as threats negatively influencing the population, period of hatching and other aspects of nesting biology. During the survey period the number of known nesting pairs in Slovakia has increased from five in 1 977 to 53 in 201 3. In total, 908 nesting events have been recorded during this period with 642 successful nesting events and 1 ,080 fledglings. In Western Slovakia the pairs prefer foothills, whilst in Eastern Slovakia most of the pairs nest in lowlands. Strong anthropic pressure is significantly influencing the distribution and size of the population as well as the habitat preferences of the species. Abstrakt V rokoch 1 977 až 201 3 bolo na Slovensku evidované hniezdenie 72 rôznych párov orla královského. Hniezdna populácia je na Slovensku sústredená v dvoch subpopuláciách vzdialených asi 200 km. Na východnom Slovensku bolo zaznamenané hniezdenie 42 párov, na západnom Slovensku hniezdenie 30 párov. Autori prezentujú výsledky 37-rocného výskumu zameraného na sledovanie rozšírenia a trendu hniezdnej populácie ako aj habitatovej preferencie druhu. V príspevku sa porovnávajú výsledky z východného a západného Slovenska. Zo západného Slovenska sú vyhodnotené aj dalšie údaje, napríklad hrozby negatívne ovplyvnujúce populáciu, obdobie liahnutia a dalšie aspekty hniezdnej biológie. Pocas sledovaného obdobia sa pocet známych hniezdiacich párov na Slovensku zvýšil z piatich v roku 1 977 na 53 v roku 201 3. V hodnotenom období bolo zaznamenaných 908 hniezdení, 642 hniezdení bolo úspešných, vyletelo celkom 1 080 mládat. Na západnom Slovensku hniezdne páry preferujú predhoria, zatial co na východnom Slovensku väcšina párov hniezdi v nížinách. Distribúciu, velkost populácie ako aj výber stanovíšt druhu významne ovplyvnuje silný antropický tlak.","PeriodicalId":56343,"journal":{"name":"Slovak Raptor Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83609162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Movements of imperial eagle Aquila heliaca juveniles and description of monitored areas in the border zone between Austria, Hungary and Slovakia","authors":"V. Nemček, Michał Noga, Martin Dobrý","doi":"10.2478/SRJ-2014-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/SRJ-2014-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Five juveniles of the imperial eagle were tracked during 2011-201 2. Movements were monitored in the western part of Slovakia and in the border area between Austria, Hungary and Slovakia. Three eagles came from the Záhorská nížina Lowlands and the others from the Malé Karpaty Mts and the Podunajská nížina Lowlands. Post-fledging movements were recorded in areas around the nests. Post-fledging areas covered a large territory (minimum convex polygons - 89, 941 , 969 km2). During the postfledging period the eagles carried out exploratory flights (1 2-33 km from the nest). One temporary settlement area (TSA) was identified in the border area between Austria, Hungary and Slovakia (minimum convex polygon - 68 km2). Two eagles with radio transmitters were recorded in this area. In the TSA and the post-fledging areas two habitat categories were dominant: arable land and forests. Heterogeneous agricultural areas were also important in the TSA (8%). Abstrakt Pocas rokov 2011 a 201 2 bolo monitorovaných pät juvenilov orla královského. Pohyby boli monitorované v západnej casti Slovenska a v pohranicnej oblasti medzi Rakúskom, Madarskom a Slovenskom. Tri orly pochádzali zo Záhorskej nížiny a ostatné z Malých Karpát a Podunajskej nížiny. Pohyby po opustení hniezda boli zaznamenané v oblastiach okolo hniezd. Oblasti využívané po vyletení z hniezda pokrývali velké územie (minimálny konvexný polygón - 89, 941 , 969 km2). Pocas obdobia po vyletení z hniezda orly vykonávali prieskumné lety (1 2-33 km od hniezda). V pohranicnej oblasti medzi Rakúskom, Madarskom a Slovenskom bolo identifikované jedno docasne osídlené územie (minimálny konvexný polygón - 68 km2). Dva orly s rádiovou vysielackou boli zaznamenané v tomto území. V územiach obývaných po vyletení z hniezda a v docasne osídlenom území boli dominantné dve kategórie biotopov - orná pôda a lesy. V docasne osídlenom území boli tiež významné heterogénne polnohospodárske oblasti (8%).","PeriodicalId":56343,"journal":{"name":"Slovak Raptor Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85416756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts of contributions presented in the VII. International Conference on the Conservation of the Eastern Imperial Eagle, Bratislava, Slovakia, 2013","authors":"L. Deutschová, Z. Guziová","doi":"10.2478/SRJ-2014-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/SRJ-2014-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract VII. International Conference on the Conservation of the Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) was held on October 2-5, 201 3 in Barónka hotel in Bratislava, Slovakia and it was organised by Raptor Protection of Slovakia (RPS) in cooperation with the Czech Society for Ornithology and MME/BirdLife Hungary, under the auspices of the Ministry of Environment, supported by the International Visegrad Fund. Results of 43 experts from ten countries, including three countries of Visegrad region (Slovakia, Czech Republic and Hungary) were presented in 20 presentations and five posters. Six contributions are published in Slovak Raptor Journal volume 8, issue 1 (2014) as full papers, further twelve contributions are published here as conference abstracts.","PeriodicalId":56343,"journal":{"name":"Slovak Raptor Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81213285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VII. International Conference on the Conservation of the Eastern Imperial Eagle, Bratislava, Slovakia, 2013","authors":"L. Deutschová, Z. Guziová, M. Dravecký","doi":"10.2478/SRJ-2014-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/SRJ-2014-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The 7th International Conference on the Conservation of the Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) was held on October 2-5, 2013 at the Barónka Hotel in Bratislava, Slovakia, organised by Raptor Protection of Slovakia (RPS) in cooperation with the Czech Society for Ornithology and MME/BirdLife Hungary, under the auspices of the Ministry for Environment of the Slovak Republic, supported by the International Visegrad Fund. Results of research by 43 experts from ten countries, including three countries of the Visegrad region - Slovakia, Czech Republic and Hungary - were presented in 20 lectures and five posters. The conference featured several accompanying events, such as an excursion to imperial eagle breeding sites in the surroundings of the conference venue, a demonstration ofwork by a dog specially trained in Hungary for seeking poisoned bait and birds, and an exhibition of drawings and paintings by children from the Visegrad region focusing on birds of prey. During the conference a workshop was held to start the process ofupdating the present International Action Plan for the species from 1996. Furthermore, the action plan for improving the conservation status ofpopulations of the eastern imperial eagle in the Visegrad countries was agreed by the experts from those countries. Abstrakt V dnoch 2-5. októbra 201 3 sa na Slovensku konala 7. medzinárodná konferencia zameraná na ochranu orla královského (Aquila heliaca), v priestoroch hotela Barónka v Bratislave, ktorá bola organizovaná Ochranou dravcov na Slovensku (Raptor Protection of Slovakia - RPS) v spolupráci s Ceskou ornitologickou spolocnostou a Madarskou spolocnostou pre ornitológiu a ochranu prírody/BirdLife, pod záštitou Ministerstva životného prostredia SR a s podporou Medzinárodného vyšehradského fondu. Výsledky 43 expertov z 1 0 krajín, zahrnajúc aj tri krajiny Vyšehradského regiónu - Slovensko, Ceskú republiku a Madarskú republiku, boli prezentované formou 20 prednášok a piatich posterov. V priebehu konferencie sa realizovalo niekolko sprievodných akcií ako exkurzia na hniezdiská orlov královských v okolí miesta konferencie, demonštrácia cinnosti špeciálne cviceného psa na vyhladávanie otrávených návnad a vtákov, výstava malieb a kresieb detí z krajín Vyšehradského regiónu, zameraných na dravé vtáky. Pocas konferencie prebiehal tiež workshop, zameraný na iniciovanie procesu aktualizácie súcasného medzinárodného akcného plánu pre oral královského z roku 1 996. Dalej bol expertmi z Vyšehradského regiónu odsúhlasený akcný plán na podporu ochrany populácie orla královského v krajinách V4.","PeriodicalId":56343,"journal":{"name":"Slovak Raptor Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80959313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Status of the eastern imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca) in the Czech Republic – 2013 update, ringing results and new findings","authors":"D. Horal","doi":"10.2478/SRJ-2014-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/SRJ-2014-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although unconfirmed reports on the breeding of the eastern imperial eagle exist from as early as in 1 920s, the first confirmed breeding only took place in 1 998. Since then, 1-5 pairs have bred annually, chiefly in the South Moravia region (the Breclav, Znojmo and the Brno-venkov districts). Out of 37 breeding attempts, 26 (i.e. 70%) were successful, with 48 young reared. The paper summarizes some characteristics of the breeding biology (productivity, breeding losses, nesting tree species, nest height, nest turnover, minimum convex polygon of the nests [nesting trees] built by individual pairs) as well as ringing recoveries. Out of 42 ringed chicks, 39 fledged successfully and produced 3 recoveries (Slovakia - 2, Austria - 1 ). Three foreign ringed birds were also sighted in the Czech Republic. The most interesting case is the breeding of a 1 9-year-old female born in eastern Slovakia (distance 336 km), found via a photo of the ring (V. Gahura, 201 3). Abstrakt Nepotvrdené správy naznacujú možnost hniezdenia orla královského na území Ceskej republiky už v 20. rokoch 20. storocia, prvé hniezdenie však bolo preukázané až v roku 1998. Odvtedy tu druh hniezdi pravidelne v pocte 1-5 párov, výhradne v regióne južnej Moravy (okresy Breclav, Znojmo a Brno-vidiek). Z 37 hniezdnych pokusov bolo 26 úspešných, vyvedených bolo 48 mládat. Clánok zhrna niektoré výsledky z hniezdnej biológie (produktivita, príciny strát, druh hniezdneho stromu, výška hniezda, opakované využívanie hniezd, minimálny konvexný polygon tvorený hniezdami jednotlivých párov) a tiež výsledky krúžkovania. Zo 42 okrúžkovaných mládat úspešne vyletelo 39, existujú 3 spätné hlásenia (2× Slovensko a 1 × Rakúsko). Okrem toho existujú z Ceskej republiky spätné hlásenia troch zahranicných krúžkovancov. Z nich najzaujímavejšie je zistenie hniezdenia 19-rocnej samice, krúžkovanej ako mláda na východnom Slovensku (vzdialenost 336 km), podla odcítania krúžku z fotografie (V. Gahura, 2013).","PeriodicalId":56343,"journal":{"name":"Slovak Raptor Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87803057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution, abundance, breeding parameters, threats and prey preferences of the eastern imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca) in European Turkey","authors":"D. Demerdzhiev, D. Dobrev, S. Stoychev, N. Terziev, S. Spasov, Z. Boev, S. Stoychev","doi":"10.2478/SRJ-2014-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/SRJ-2014-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract During the period 2008-201 3, 32 different breeding territories were occupied by eastern imperial eagles (EIEs). These territories were mainly distributed in two regions: the Dervent Heights/Yıldız Mts. and the area to the north of the Marmara sea coast. The nearest neighbour distance established was 4.2 km. The mean distance between pairs was 1 0.44±2.95 km. The mean value of breeding success for the period 2008-201 3, including 1 07 cases of incubation, was 1 .01±0.1 0. The mean breeding success of birds in the Marmara region (1 .05±0.78) was higher than that in the Dervent Heights/Yıldız Mts. (0.91±0.84). The present study on the diet of the EIE was based on the remains of 582 prey items of at least 70 taxa. Mammals were the most common group (46.5%), followed by birds (32.4%) and reptiles (20.3%). The white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus roumanicus) was the most common prey, followed by two tortoises - Hermann's tortoise (Eurotestudo hermanni) and the Greek tortoise (Testudo graeca) - which together accounted for a total of 1 4.4% of the prey caught. The prey species particularly represented in the food spectrum of the studied pairs were: the yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis), the European souslik (Spermophilus citellus), the chicken (Gallus gallus f. domestica) and the white stork (Ciconia ciconia). These species together accounted for 67.8% of the prey caught. There was a statistically significant difference (Z=2.52, p=0.01 ) in the food preferences of the EIEs in the two studied regions. Abstrakt V období 2008-201 3 bolo orlami královskými obsadených 32 rôznych hniezdnych teritórií. Tieto územia sa nachádzajú najmä v dvoch oblastiach: pohorie Derventa/Yıldız a územie na sever od Marmarského mora. Najbližšia vzdialenost medzi hniezdiskami bola 4,2 km. Stredná vzdialenost medzi pármi bola 1 0,44 ± 2,95 km. Priemerná hodnota hniezdnej úspešnosti v období 2008-201 3 vrátane 1 07 prípadov inkubácii bola 1 ,01±0,1 0. Priemerná hniezdna úspešnost vtákov v Marmarskom regióne (1 ,05±0,78) bola vyššia ako v oblasti pohorí Derventa/Yıldız (0,91±0,84). Predkladaná štúdia potravy orla královského bola založená na 582 zvyškoch koristi, obsahujúcej minimálne 70 taxónov. Cicavce boli najrozšírenejšie skupinou (46.5 %), nasledované vtákmi (32,4 %) a plazmi (20,3 %). Najcastejšou koristou bol jež bledý (Erinaceus roumanicus) a dva druhy korytnaciek - korytnacka zelenkastá (Eurotestudo hermanni) a korytnacka grécka (Testudo graeca), ktoré dohromady predstavovali celkom 1 4,4 % z ulovenej koristi. Potravné spektrum sledovaných párov obsahoval tieto druhy koristi: cajka žltonohá (Larus michahellis), sysel pasienkový (Spermophilus citellus), domáca sliepka (Gallus gallus f. domestica) a bocian biely (Ciconia ciconia). Tieto druhy dohromady tvorili 67,8 % z ulovenej koristi. Bol preukázaný štatisticky významný rozdiel (Z=2,52, p=0,01 ) v preferencii potravy orlov královských v oboch študovaných oblastiach.","PeriodicalId":56343,"journal":{"name":"Slovak Raptor Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83035939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival rate and mortality of juvenile and immature eastern imperial eagles (Aquila heliaca) from Bulgaria studied by satellite telemetry","authors":"S. Stoychev, D. Demerdzhiev, S. Spasov, D. Dobrev, B. Meyburg","doi":"10.2478/SRJ-2014-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/SRJ-2014-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A long-living species like A. heliaca has a natal dispersal period lasting several years. This period is crucial for the survival and conservation of the eagles. In this study we present mortality factors and the survival rate of juvenile and immature A. heliaca from Bulgaria as established by satellite telemetry. A total of 20 juvenile A. heliaca were fitted with GPS/Argos transmitters in their nests in Bulgaria. Fourteen birds were tracked till their death and the bodies were found. Tracking allows the survival rate of juvenile and immature A. heliaca to be estimated for the first time. It is 59.1% for the first calendar year, 83.3% for the second calendar year and 80.0% for the third calendar year. The main mortality factor for juvenile and immature A. heliaca from the Bulgarian population is electrocution, which caused 59.0% of the mortality cases. Other threats identified are shooting, poisoning and collisions. Most of the fatalities of these tracked eagles occurred in Bulgaria (50%) and Turkey (43%). Thus, Turkey is a key country for conservation of the Bulgarian population ofA. heliaca during its dispersal period. Eagles from Bulgaria have been recorded dispersing further south, to Sudan and Saudi Arabia. Conservation efforts are needed both inside and outside Bulgaria in order to reduce mortality. International collaboration and the exchange of experiences should be part of any conservation strategy or plans focused on the eastern imperial eagle. Abstrakt U dlhožijúceho druhu A. heliaca trvá disperzia z miesta vyliahnutia niekolko rokov. Je to obdobie velmi dôležité pre prežitie a ochranu orlov. V tejto štúdii prezentujeme faktory mortality a prežívanie mladých a imaturných A. heliaca z Bulharska na základe štúdia satelitnou telemetriou. Celkom bolo v hniezdach v Bulharsku vysielackami GPS / Argos oznacených 20 mladých A. heliaca. Štrnást vtákov bolo sledovaných až do smrti vrátane nálezov kadáverov. Ide o prvé takéto štúdium prežívania mladých a imaturných jedincov A. heliaca. Prežívanie má hodnotu 59.1 % v prvom kalendárnom roku, 83.3 % v druhom a 80,0 % v tretom kalendárnom roku. Hlavným faktorom mortality sledovaných jedincov z bulharskej populácie je smrt v dôsledku zásahu elektrickým prúdom, ktorý spôsobil 59,0 % prípadov mortality. Dalšie identifikované hrozby sú zástrely, otravy a kolízie. Väcšina prípadov mortality sledovaných orlov nastala v Bulharsku (50%) a v Turecku (43%). Preto je Turecko klúcovou krajinou pre ochranu bulharskej populácie A. heliaca pocas jeho disperzie. Orly z Bulharska sa rozptylujú aj dalej na juh, do Sudánu a do Saudskej Arábie. Preto je potrebné ochranárske úsilie s cielom zníženia mortality tak vo vnútri ako aj mimo Bulharska. Medzinárodná spolupráca a výmena skúseností by preto mala byt súcastou každej stratégie ochrany a plánov zameraných na ochranu orla královského.","PeriodicalId":56343,"journal":{"name":"Slovak Raptor Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90162113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservation measures undertaken to improve the population status of eastern imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca) in Bulgaria","authors":"D. Demerdzhiev, S. Stoychev, D. Dobrev, S. Spasov, N. Terziev","doi":"10.2478/SRJ-2014-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/SRJ-2014-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study presents the results of conservation measures undertaken and their impact on the eastern imperial eagle population in Bulgaria. The species is distributed in the south-eastern part of the country, as there is only one known pair in central Bulgaria. During the period 2009-201 3, 28 different breeding territories were occupied. The population increased by 20%, as the number of pairs that occupied breeding territories increased from 20 in 2009 to 24 in 201 3. In general, the mean values of the breeding parameters of the eastern imperial eagle population for the period 2009-201 3 were as follows: productivity (P) 1 .03±0.1 8; breeding success (BS) 1 .1 8±0.21 ; and fledgling success (FS) 1 .68±0.1 6. The annual survival rate of breeders varied from 0.795 to 0.932. The most important factor causing the mortality of immature eagles was electrocution. Shooting and poisoning have become important mortality factors, too. Guarded pairs had a higher mean breeding success (1 .32±0.88) than non-guarded pairs (1 .06±0.91 ). As a whole, 39% of all artificial nests installed in the period 2009-201 3 were occupied by birds of different species. During the period 2008-201 3, a total of 23 juvenile eastern imperial eagles were tagged with satellite/GPS transmitters. In addition, 608 hazardous electric poles in the territories of seven pairs were insulated. Supplementary feed was provided for 1 4 pairs once a week during the autumn-winter seasons (October - March). A total of 483 supplementary feedings took place, 450 ofwhich also included monitoring in order to record the effectiveness of this activity. Abstrakt Štúdia prezentuje výsledky ochranárskych opatrení a ich vplyv na populáciu orla královského v Bulharsku. Druh sa vyskytuje v juhovýchodnej casti krajiny, v centrálnom Bulharsku je známy len jeden pár. V období 2009-201 3 bolo obsadených 28 rôznych hniezdnych teritórií. Populácia narástla o 20 %, pocet párov s hniezdnymi teritóriami sa zvýšil z 20 v roku 2009 na 24 v roku 201 3. Stredné hodnoty parametrov hniezdenia orlov královských boli v období 2009-201 3 nasledovné: produktivita (P) 1 ,03 ± 0,1 8; hniezdna úspešnost (BS) 1 ,1 8±0,21 , úspešnost vyletenia mládat (FS) 1 .68±0,1 6. Rocná miera prežitia hniezdiacich jedincov bola 0,795-0,932. Najdôležitejším faktorom, spôsobujúcim mortalitu mladých orlov boli usmrtenia po zásahu elektrickým prúdom spolocne s nelegálnymi odstrelmi a otravami. Strážené páry mali vyššiu hniezdnu úspešnost (1 ,32±0,88) ako nestrážené páry (1 ,06±0,91 ). Celkom bolo obsadených vtákmi rôznych druhov 39 % umelých hniezd inštalovaných v období 2009-201 3. V období 2008-201 3 bolo celkom 23 mladých orlov královských oznacených satelitnými vysielackami s GPS jednotkou. V teritóriách siedmich párov bolo izolovaných 608 nebezpecných stlpov elektrického vedenia. V jesennom a zimnom období (október až marec) sa raz za týžden realizovalo prikrmovanie 1 4 párov orlov. Celkom sa zrealizovalo 483 prikrmovaní, na 450 z nic","PeriodicalId":56343,"journal":{"name":"Slovak Raptor Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87301085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}