Ilar Journal最新文献_第6页

Nonexperimental Xenobiotics: Unintended Consequences of Intentionally Administered Substances in Terrestrial Animal Models. 非实验性外源药物:陆生动物模型中有意使用的物质的意外后果。

IF 2.5 3区农林科学

Ilar Journal Pub Date : 2020-10-19 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilaa003

Scott E Perkins, F Claire Hankenson

引用次数: 3

Reproducibility and Comparative aspects of Terrestrial Housing Systems and Husbandry Procedures in Animal Research Facilities on Study Data. 基于研究数据的动物研究设施中地面饲养系统和饲养程序的可重复性和比较方面。

IF 2.5 3区农林科学

Ilar Journal Pub Date : 2020-10-19 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilz021

John J Hasenau

引用次数: 2

The Impact of Social and Behavioral Factors on Reproducibility in Terrestrial Vertebrate Models. 社会和行为因素对陆生脊椎动物模型再现性的影响。

IF 2.5 3区农林科学

Ilar Journal Pub Date : 2020-10-19 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilaa005

Alexandra L Whittaker, Debra L Hickman

引用次数: 5

Aquatic Models: Water Quality and Stability and Other Environmental Factors. 水生模型:水质、稳定性和其他环境因素。

IF 2.5 3区农林科学

Ilar Journal Pub Date : 2020-10-19 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilaa008

Erik Sanders, Susan C Farmer

{"title":"Aquatic Models: Water Quality and Stability and Other Environmental Factors.","authors":"Erik Sanders, Susan C Farmer","doi":"10.1093/ilar/ilaa008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar/ilaa008","url":null,"abstract":"The use of aquatic animals in ecotoxicology, genetic, and biomedical research has grown immensely in recent years, especially due to the increased use of zebrafish in the laboratory setting. Because water is the primary environment of most aquatic species, the composition and management of this water is paramount to ensuring their health and welfare. In this publication, we will describe the important variables in water quality that can influence animal health and research results, using the zebrafish model for detailed specifics of optimal conditions. Wherever possible, recommendations are provided to reduce the potential impact of poor or highly variable water quality, and standards are given which can be used as institutional goals to maximize animal health and welfare and reduce research variability. It is increasingly important that authors of publications describing work done using aquatic models characterize water quality and other environmental conditions of the animal environment so that the work can be repeated and understood in context of these important factors. It is clear that there are a great many extrinsic factors which may influence research outcomes in the aquatics model laboratory setting, and consequently, an increased level of funding will be essential to support continued research exploring these and other important husbandry conditions. References from a large body of literature on this subject are provided.","PeriodicalId":56299,"journal":{"name":"Ilar Journal","volume":"60 2","pages":"141-149"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/ilar/ilaa008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38624521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Sound and Vibration as Research Variables in Terrestrial Vertebrate Models. 声音和振动作为陆生脊椎动物模型的研究变量。

IF 2.5 3区农林科学

Ilar Journal Pub Date : 2020-10-19 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilaa004

Randall Reynolds, Angela Garner, John Norton

引用次数: 8

Relevance of Electrical Light on Circadian, Neuroendocrine, and Neurobehavioral Regulation in Laboratory Animal Facilities. 电光与实验动物昼夜节律、神经内分泌和神经行为调节的相关性。

IF 2.5 3区农林科学

Ilar Journal Pub Date : 2020-10-19 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilaa010

John P Hanifin, Robert T Dauchy, David E Blask, Steven M Hill, George C Brainard

{"title":"Relevance of Electrical Light on Circadian, Neuroendocrine, and Neurobehavioral Regulation in Laboratory Animal Facilities.","authors":"John P Hanifin, Robert T Dauchy, David E Blask, Steven M Hill, George C Brainard","doi":"10.1093/ilar/ilaa010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar/ilaa010","url":null,"abstract":"Light is a key extrinsic factor to be considered in operations and design of animal room facilities. Over the past four decades, many studies on typical laboratory animal populations have demonstrated impacts on neuroendocrine, neurobehavioral, and circadian physiology. These effects are regulated independently from the defined physiology for the visual system. The range of physiological responses that oscillate with the 24 hour rhythm of the day include sleep and wakefulness, body temperature, hormonal secretion, and a wide range of other physiological parameters. Melatonin has been the chief neuroendocrine hormone studied, but acute light-induced effects on corticosterone as well as other hormones have also been observed. Within the last two decades, a new photosensory system in the mammalian eye has been discovered. A small set of retinal ganglion cells, previously thought to function as a visual output neuron, have been shown to be directly photosensitive and act differently from the classic photoreceptors of the visual system. Understanding the effects of light on mammalian physiology and behavior must take into account how the classical visual photoreceptors and the newly discovered ipRGC photoreceptor systems interact. Scientists and facility managers need to appreciate lighting impacts on circadian, neuroendocrine, and neurobehavioral regulation in order to improve lighting of laboratory facilities to foster optimum health and well-being of animals.","PeriodicalId":56299,"journal":{"name":"Ilar Journal","volume":"60 2","pages":"150-158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/ilar/ilaa010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38624523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Micro- and Macroenvironmental Conditions and Stability of Terrestrial Models. 微观和宏观环境条件与陆地模式的稳定性。

IF 2.5 3区农林科学

Ilar Journal Pub Date : 2020-10-19 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilaa013

Vanessa K Lee, John M David, Michael J Huerkamp

{"title":"Micro- and Macroenvironmental Conditions and Stability of Terrestrial Models.","authors":"Vanessa K Lee, John M David, Michael J Huerkamp","doi":"10.1093/ilar/ilaa013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar/ilaa013","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental variables can have profound effects on the biological responses of research animals and the outcomes of experiments dependent on them. Some of these influences are both predictable and unpredictable in effect, many are challenging to standardize, and all are influenced by the planning and conduct of experiments and the design and operation of the vivarium. Others are not yet known. Within the immediate environment where the research animal resides, in the vivarium and in transit, the most notable of these factors are ambient temperature, relative humidity, gaseous pollutant by-products of animal metabolism and physiology, dust and particulates, barometric pressure, electromagnetic fields, and illumination. Ambient temperatures in the animal housing environment, in particular those experienced by rodents below the thermoneutral zone, may introduce degrees of stress and thermoregulatory compensative responses that may complicate or invalidate study measurements across a broad array of disciplines. Other factors may have more subtle and specific effects. It is incumbent on scientists designing and executing experiments and staff responsible for animal husbandry to be aware of, understand, measure, systematically record, control, and account for the impact of these factors on sensitive animal model systems to ensure the quality and reproducibility of scientific studies.","PeriodicalId":56299,"journal":{"name":"Ilar Journal","volume":"60 2","pages":"120-140"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/ilar/ilaa013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38624524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Complex Microbiota in Laboratory Rodents: Management Considerations. 实验室啮齿类动物的复杂微生物群:管理考虑。

IF 2.5 3区农林科学

Ilar Journal Pub Date : 2020-10-19 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilaa011

Craig L Franklin, Aaron C Ericsson

{"title":"Complex Microbiota in Laboratory Rodents: Management Considerations.","authors":"Craig L Franklin, Aaron C Ericsson","doi":"10.1093/ilar/ilaa011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar/ilaa011","url":null,"abstract":"Our bodies and those of our animal research subjects are colonized by bacterial communities that occupy virtually every organ system, including many previously considered sterile. These bacteria reside as complex communities that are collectively referred to as microbiota. Prior to the turn of the century, characterization of these communities was limited by a reliance on culture of organisms on a battery of selective media. It was recognized that the vast majority of microbes, especially those occupying unique niches of the body such as the anaerobic environment of the intestinal tract, were uncultivatable. However, with the onset and advancement of next-generation sequencing technology, we are now capable of characterizing these complex communities without the need to cultivate, and this has resulted in an explosion of information and new challenges in interpreting data generated about, and in the context of, these complex communities. We have long known that these microbial communities often exist in an intricate balance that, if disrupted (ie, dysbiosis), can lead to disease or increased susceptibility to disease. Because of many functional redundancies, the makeup of these colonies can vary dramatically within healthy individuals [1]. However, there is growing evidence that subtle differences can alter the phenotype of various animal models, which may translate to the varying susceptibility to disease seen in the human population. In this manuscript, we discuss how to include complex microbiota as a consideration in experimental design and model reproducibility and how to exploit the extensive variation that exists in contemporary rodent research colonies. Our focus will be the intestinal or gut microbiota (GM), but it should be recognized that microbial communities exist in many other body compartments and these too likely influence health and disease [2, 3]. Much like host genetics, can we one day harness the vast genetic capacity of the microbes we live with in ways that will benefit human and animal health?","PeriodicalId":56299,"journal":{"name":"Ilar Journal","volume":"60 2","pages":"289-297"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/ilar/ilaa011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38190118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

The Role of Feed in Aquatic Laboratory Animal Nutrition and the Potential Impact on Animal Models and Study Reproducibility. 饲料在水生实验动物营养中的作用及其对动物模型和研究可重复性的潜在影响。

IF 2.5 3区农林科学

Ilar Journal Pub Date : 2020-10-19 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilaa006

Andrea Brenes-Soto, Marc Tye, Michael Y Esmail

引用次数: 3

Improving Replicability, Reproducibility, And Reliability In Preclinical Research: A Shared Responsibility 提高临床前研究的可重复性、再现性和可靠性:共同的责任

IF 2.5 3区农林科学

Ilar Journal Pub Date : 2020-06-23 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilaa009

Cheleuitte-Nieves C, Lipman N.

{"title":"Improving Replicability, Reproducibility, And Reliability In Preclinical Research: A Shared Responsibility","authors":"Cheleuitte-Nieves C, Lipman N.","doi":"10.1093/ilar/ilaa009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar/ilaa009","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Abstract</div>Reproducible and reliable scientific investigation depends on the identification and consideration of various intrinsic and extrinsic factors that may affect the model system used. The impact of these factors must be managed during all phases of a study: planning, execution, and reporting. The value of in vivo (animal) research has come under increasing scrutiny over the past decade because of multiple reports documenting poor translatability to human studies. These failures have been attributed to various causes, including poor study design and execution as well as deficiencies in reporting. It is important to recognize that achieving reproducible and reliable preclinical research results is a joint responsibility that requires a partnership between the investigative team and the animal care and use program staff. The myriad of intrinsic factors, such as species, strain/substrain, age, sex, physiologic and health status, and extrinsic factors, including temperature, humidity, lighting, housing system, and diet, need to be recognized and managed during study planning and execution, as they can influence animal physiology and biological response. Of equal importance is the need to document and report these details. The ARRIVE and PREPARE guidelines were developed by concerned scientists, veterinarians, statisticians, journal editors, and funding agencies to assist investigative teams and scientific journals manage and report on intrinsic and extrinsic factors to improve reproducibility and reliability. This issue of the ILAR Journal will focus on the various extrinsic factors that have been recognized to confound animal research.","PeriodicalId":56299,"journal":{"name":"Ilar Journal","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138541945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2