Food Analytical Methods最新文献

{"title":"Fabrication of Halochromic Carboxymethylcellulose Strips Integrated with Anthocyanins for Real-time Visual Detection of Meat Quality","authors":"S. Subasini,&nbsp;D. Bhavadharani,&nbsp;S. Gopika Devi,&nbsp;M. Kanagalakshmi,&nbsp;Anitha Pius","doi":"10.1007/s12161-025-02833-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12161-025-02833-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ensuring the quality of packaged meat is a growing concern for modern consumers, to avoid purchasing spoiled products. This study fabricated halochromic carboxymethyl cellulose strips via solvent-casting, incorporating anthocyanins extracted from <i>Tradescantia pallida</i> and <i>Basella alba</i> as natural pH-sensitive indicators. Fabricated smart strips were extensively characterised using FTIR, SEM, AFM, XRD and UV-DRS. Water contact angle measurements indicated the hydrophilic nature of strips, with values subceeding 90°. Integrating anthocyanins significantly improved the mechanical performance, increasing tensile strength from 14 to 30 MPa. Modified strips also exhibited enhanced antioxidant activity, increased by over 60%, demonstrated antibacterial efficacy with inhibition zones above 7 mm and reduced water vapour permeability. Biodegradability tests revealed that all strips underwent more than 85% weight loss within 48 days, confirming their environmental compatibility. Colourimetric analysis demonstrated distinct colour transitions across a wide pH range, from acidic to alkaline, confirming the halochromic nature. Ammonia vapour sensing tests showed over 90% sensitivity, indicating high responsiveness to volatile basic compounds. For real-time applications, strips were used to monitor the freshness of chicken meat stored at room temperature and under refrigeration. TVBN increased by 58 mg/100 g at room temperature and 22 mg/100 g under refrigerated conditions by the 6th day, correlating with evident colour changes in strips. These findings highlight the potential of anthocyanin-integrated carboxymethyl cellulose strips as effective, eco-friendly indicators for real-time meat freshness monitoring, offering strong pH sensitivity, gas detection capability and functional biodegradability suitable for smart packaging applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":561,"journal":{"name":"Food Analytical Methods","volume":"18 8","pages":"1863 - 1883"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid and Direct Synthesis of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters and Macro-Micro Elemental Analysis of Iris barnumiae Foster & Baker","authors":"Fuad O. Abdullah","doi":"10.1007/s12161-025-02835-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12161-025-02835-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A simplified and rapid protocol to direct synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and elemental contents from <i>Iris barnumiae</i>. The production of fatty acid methyl ester from <i>Iris barnumiae</i> (roots) through trans-esterification by using hydrochloric acid/methanol was conducted by microwave-assisted irradiation and compared with conventional heating (reflux). These results show that microwave irradiation is a fast and efficient method for FAME synthesis. Fatty acids or their derivatives FAMEs were identified and quantified by using GC–MS/MS. The classical method highlights prominent compounds such as methyl tetradecanoate (28.66%), palmitic acid methyl ester (18.96%), 9,11-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester (7.38%), and 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester (14.27%). In contrast, the microwave method demonstrates an enriched profile, with notable components such as methyl tetradecanoate (24.27%), myristic acid (23.59%), palmitic acid methyl ester (21.39%), and n-hexadecanoic acid (11.28%). Unique compounds like 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-8-methoxychromen-2-one (8.04%) were detected exclusively in the microwave-assisted extraction. The elemental composition of <i>Iris barnumiae</i> highlights its significant medicinal and nutritional potential, with essential macro- and microelements distributed across its flowers, leaves, and roots. ICP-MS analysis revealed high concentrations of potassium in flowers (30,200 mg/kg), and calcium and magnesium in leaves (28,300 and 3230 mg/kg respectively). In contrast, some toxic elements were found in low concentration. For example, cadmium (Cd) was detected at 0.349 ppm in flowers and 0.347 ppm in leaves. In addition, arsenic (As) and lead (Pb), known for their toxic effects, were present in low concentrations, suggesting that the plant is generally safe.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":561,"journal":{"name":"Food Analytical Methods","volume":"18 8","pages":"1842 - 1849"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Alternative Solvents Regarding Extractability of Lipophilic Food Ingredients in Spinach-Tomato Powder and Algae Materials","authors":"Mario Schmidt,&nbsp;Volker Böhm","doi":"10.1007/s12161-025-02821-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12161-025-02821-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Extraction of natural products such as carotenoids, vitamin E and chlorophylls is still accompanied with certain challenges. Limitations exist in widespread availability of sophisticated techniques (e.g. supercritical fluid), which are often replaced by conventional approaches such as tissue homogeniser with disperser blades, a sonication bath or vortex mixing. Moreover, an appropriate selection of solvents is a critical step for selective extraction of compounds in complex, severely extractable matrices. The present investigation focussed on a comparison of conventional solvents (e.g. tetrahydrofuran, acetone, hexane) with more sustainable alternatives (e.g. 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF); dimethyl carbonate (DMC); cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME)) with and without addition of methanol regarding a broad range of analyte polarities. Herein, tetrahydrofuran with methanol resulted in maximum extraction efficiencies for total carotenoids in a spinach tomato powder. 2-MeTHF, DMC and CPME partially combined with MeOH proved to be equivalent alternatives for extraction of xanthophylls and β-carotene isomers. A comparison of renowned and widely available extraction techniques in context of challenging sample matrices (dried, pelletised and fresh microalgae) resulted in preferably powerful approaches such as Ultra-Turrax® homogenisation and sonifier probe application. Necessary pretreatments with methanol combined with powerful extraction techniques were apparently recommendable for dried algae products compared to fresh algae paste, thus reducing the potential extraction repetitions. Finally, a comparison of different syringe filter materials suggested the use of mixed cellulose ester (MCE) membranes for avoiding a significant loss (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) of analytes (lutein, β-carotene, lycopene, vitamin E) compared to seven other membrane materials. Overall, these results represent a contribution to routine analysis of lipophilic food ingredients with a high transferability and adaptability across applied research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":561,"journal":{"name":"Food Analytical Methods","volume":"18 8","pages":"1850 - 1862"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12161-025-02821-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meat Authentication Based on Animal Species and Other Quality Meat Attributes (Protected Geographical Indication, Organic Production, and Halal and Kosher Products) by HPLC–UV Fingerprinting and Chemometrics","authors":"Alexandra Santomá-Martí,&nbsp;Nil Aijon,&nbsp;Oscar Núñez","doi":"10.1007/s12161-025-02840-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12161-025-02840-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A simple and economic high-performance liquid chromatography with UV–vis detection (HPLC–UV) metabolomic fingerprinting methodology was developed and applied after a water extraction procedure to obtain sample chemical descriptors suitable for meat authentication by chemometrics. Three hundred meat samples involving different species (lamb, beef, pork, rabbit, quail, chicken, turkey, and duck) as well as different non-genetic attributes (protected geographical indications, organic production, and Halal and Kosher meats) were analyzed, and the obtained HPLC–UV fingerprints subjected to PCA and PLS-DA for classification and authentication. Excellent PLS-DA discrimination and classification performance was accomplished for calibration and cross-validation, with sensitivity and specificity values higher than 100% and 99.3%, respectively, and classification errors below 0.4%, when meat species were considered. The prediction capability when employing a classification decision tree consisting on consecutive dual PLS-DA models built using a hierarchical model builder was of 100% accuracy when 48 meat samples were subjected to the model as unknown samples. Multiclass PLS-DA classification performances when addressing meat geographical origin, organic productions and Halal and Kosher products were also very acceptable, with overall sensitivity and specificity values higher than 91.2%, and classification errors below 6.9%. Finally, fraudulent meat adulteration cases involving PGI, organic and Halal and Kosher adulterated meats were evaluated by partial least squares (PLS) regression, allowing the detection and quantitation of adulteration levels within the range from 15 to 85% with prediction errors below 6.6%, demonstrating the suitability of the proposed methodology to assess meat authenticity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":561,"journal":{"name":"Food Analytical Methods","volume":"18 8","pages":"1825 - 1841"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12161-025-02840-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperspectral Imaging Analysis for SSC Prediction in Actinidia arguta: Impact of Short-Term Anaerobic Treatment","authors":"Fengli Jiang,&nbsp;Lei Yang,&nbsp;Peijing Wu,&nbsp;Mingzhu Sun,&nbsp;Bingxin Sun,&nbsp;Youwen Tian","doi":"10.1007/s12161-025-02832-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12161-025-02832-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, hyperspectral imaging technology was utilized to monitor the alterations and spatial distribution of soluble solid content (SSC) in <i>Actinidia arguta</i> during postharvest storage. The fruit were exposed to a 24 h anaerobic treatment in a pure N₂ atmosphere and then stored at ambient temperature for 10 days. These findings collectively affirm that N₂ treatment can effectively decelerate the softening process of <i>Actinidia arguta</i> by impeding firmness loss and SSC progression. After preprocessing, feature band extraction was conducted using competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), interval variable iterative space shrinkage approach (iVISSA), and a synergistic iVISSA-CARS algorithm. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) and particle swarm optimization extreme learning machine (PSO-ELM) models were developed for SSC prediction, with the PSO-ELM model yielding the most accurate predictions. In the test set, the CARS-PSO-ELM model for the control group achieved an <i>R</i>_p² of 0.877, an RMSEP of 0.611, and an RPD of 1.953, while the iVISSA-CARS-PSO-ELM model for the N₂ treatment group achieved an <i>R</i>_p² of 0.904, an RMSEP of 0.554, and an RPD of 2.236. Finally, SSC visualization maps of <i>Actinidia arguta</i> were generated for both the control and treatment groups based on their respective optimal models, providing valuable references for comprehensive quality assessment during subsequent processing, transportation, and commercialization stages.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":561,"journal":{"name":"Food Analytical Methods","volume":"18 8","pages":"1812 - 1824"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Electrochemical Approach Based on Modified Electrode with Reduced Graphene Oxide, Iron Nanoparticle, and Molecularly Imprinted Poly(aniline) for Determination of Linoleic Acid in Guava Seed Oil","authors":"Max Fabrício Falone,&nbsp;Edervaldo Buffon,&nbsp;Nelson Ramos Stradiotto","doi":"10.1007/s12161-025-02822-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12161-025-02822-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Linoleic acid (LA) is an essential fatty acid with important properties, making it applicable in biotechnological processes and in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and food industries. In this work, an electrochemical sensor was built for the determination of LA in guava seed oil using a surface modified with reduced graphene oxide, iron nanoparticles coated with molecularly imprinted poly(aniline). The device was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Under optimized experimental conditions, an analytical curve was obtained in the linear concentration range from 1.0 × 10⁻¹² mol L⁻¹ to 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ mol L⁻¹. The amperometric sensitivity and limit of detection and quantification values of the proposed sensor were then calculated, which were 3.4 × 10⁷ L A mol L⁻¹, 3.0 × 10⁻¹³ mol L⁻¹, and 1.0 × 10⁻¹² mol L⁻¹, respectively. The device exhibited excellent selectivity, repeatability, and high stability for the detection of LA. The developed method was successfully applied to the guava seed oil sample, showing recovery values between 95 and 103%, with relative standard deviations of &lt; 5%.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><p>Illustrative scheme of the fabrication of the GCE/rGO/FeNPs@PANI sensor</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":561,"journal":{"name":"Food Analytical Methods","volume":"18 8","pages":"1800 - 1811"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convolutional Neural Networks for Evaluating Spirulina (Arthrospira spp.) Adulteration Through Digital Images","authors":"Fabrina Oliveira Paranhos,&nbsp;Marcos Levi C. M. dos Reis,&nbsp;Juarez dos S. Azevedo,&nbsp;Fabio de Souza Dias","doi":"10.1007/s12161-025-02826-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12161-025-02826-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Spirulina, a nutrient-rich product derived from cyanobacteria of the genus Arthrospira, is widely consumed as a dietary supplement. However, its high market value makes it susceptible to adulteration, particularly by adding low-cost compounds such as sodium bicarbonate. This study aimed to evaluate and classify sodium bicarbonate adulteration in Spirulina at levels of 10%, 15%, and 25% w w⁻¹ using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). A digital imaging system was developed to capture sample images, which were analyzed through their RGB channels. Traditional chemometric methods, including hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), demonstrated limited performance as sample size increased. To overcome these limitations, deep learning techniques were implemented using ResNet-18 and ResNet-50 architectures. The CNN models achieved high classification accuracies exceeding 99%. These findings demonstrate the potential of CNNs as a robust and scalable tool for the rapid, non-destructive detection of Spirulina adulteration, representing a novel approach in food authentication.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":561,"journal":{"name":"Food Analytical Methods","volume":"18 8","pages":"1789 - 1799"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous Determination of Flupyradifurone and Its Metabolites in Animal-Derived Foods Using QuEChERS-UPLC-MS/MS","authors":"Xiao Hu,&nbsp;Ying Mei,&nbsp;Xianjun Li,&nbsp;Yan Chen","doi":"10.1007/s12161-025-02837-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12161-025-02837-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this research, an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of flupyradifurone (FLU) and its three principal metabolites (difluoroethylamino-furanone (DFEAF), 6-chloronicotinic acid (6-CNA), and difluoroacetic acid (DFA)) in animal-derived food matrices was established based on the QuEChERS and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). A low sample injection volume (3 µL) and dilution strategy were applied, without the use of isotope internal standards or matrix-matched calibration curves to compensate for the matrix effects. Recoveries for all matrix-matched samples at three spiked levels (<i>n</i> = 6) were ranged from 69.9% to 114.0% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.8%–10.4%. The method demonstrated excellent linearity (correlation coefficients <i>R</i> &gt; 0.998), extremely low limits of quantitations (0.001–0.025 mg/kg), and acceptable matrix effects (ranged from − 12.7% to 13.4%). The validated method provides a reliable tool for monitoring FLU and its metabolite residues in practical sample analysis, including livestock and poultry meat, viscera, milk, and honey, which is essential to risk assessment, compliance with good agricultural practices and regulatory oversight.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":561,"journal":{"name":"Food Analytical Methods","volume":"18 8","pages":"1780 - 1788"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbomer Gelation Indicator for Acid–Base Titration of Colorless, Colored, and Opaque Juice Samples","authors":"K. P. Khadeeja Thanha,&nbsp;P. Ayisha Sana,&nbsp;C. G. Jincy,&nbsp;U. S. Jijith,&nbsp;K. Pramod","doi":"10.1007/s12161-025-02828-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12161-025-02828-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explores the feasibility of using carbomer (Carbopol 940) as a novel gelation indicator for acid–base titration, in particular, for colored and opaque samples where traditional visual indicators are ineffective, focusing on the determination of citric acid content in fruit juice. The pH-dependent gelation property of carbomer in alkaline solutions was exploited to visually detect the titration endpoint. The developed method using carbomer gelation as an indicator exhibited strong linearity with an <i>R</i>² value of 0.9983 and demonstrated accuracy with recovery rates near 100%. Precision was confirmed by low percent relative standard deviation (%RSD) values for repeatability and intermediate precision. The method’s detection limit (DL) was 5.83 mg and the quantitation limit (QL) was 17.67 mg. A key finding was the successful application of the carbomer gelation indicator in the analysis of colored citric acid solution and a marketed colored pomegranate juice. Comparison with the traditional phenolphthalein pH indicator method in a colorless lemon juice showed no statistically significant difference in the results (<i>p</i>-value &gt; 0.05), indicating the efficiency of the carbomer method even for colorless matrices. The results suggest that carbomer gelation serves as a cost-effective and reliable visual indicator for acid–base titrations, offering a significant advantage for analyzing colored samples where the color change of conventional indicators is obscured.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":561,"journal":{"name":"Food Analytical Methods","volume":"18 8","pages":"1770 - 1779"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chromatographic Fingerprint Analysis and Multicomponent Quantitative Analysis for Quality Evaluation of Astragalus Radix","authors":"Rulan Jiang,&nbsp;Jieyu Lei,&nbsp;Huimin Wu,&nbsp;Meihui Gong,&nbsp;Wenli Chen,&nbsp;Xinjun Xu","doi":"10.1007/s12161-025-02834-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12161-025-02834-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As a widely used and distributed dietary herbs, the quality of Astragalus Radix (AR) is influenced by various factors, making the establishment of appropriate quality standards a challenging task. In this context, a simple and efficient high-performance liquid chromatography method was employed to analyze the chromatographic fingerprint of AR and conduct quantitative analysis of two key components: calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside and astragaloside IV. The chemical fingerprints of 16 batches of samples were successfully established, identifying 15 commons peaks. Multiple chemometric methods, including similarity analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), were used to comprehensively assess the AR samples and identify key components. Subsequently, the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside and astragaloside IV was optimized through response surface analysis. In quantitative analysis, all calibration curves exhibited good linearity within the test range (r &gt; 0.9990), the average recovery rates ranged from 93.82% to 105.14%, and the RSDs for repeatability and stability were below 2.1%. The results demonstrate that this method is simple, accurate and effective, providing a valuable reference for the overall quality evaluation of Astragalus Radix.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":561,"journal":{"name":"Food Analytical Methods","volume":"18 8","pages":"1758 - 1769"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}