Brain & Development最新文献

{"title":"Translation and validation of the Thai Version of the Japanese Sleep Questionnaire for Preschoolers (JSQ-P)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.braindev.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.braindev.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aimed to translate and validate the Japanese Sleep Questionnaire for Preschoolers (JSQ-P) into a Thai version and to evaluate factors associated with sleep problems in preschoolers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The cross-cultural adaptation of JSQ-P into Thai version of JSQ-P (TH-JSQ-P) was performed including forward translation, reconciliation, backward translation, and final approval by the original creator. Children aged 2–6 years from community and clinical settings were enrolled. The TH-JSQ-P was completed by parents of preschool children twice within 10–14 days to assess its reliability and validity. Six validity tests including face validity, content validity, structural validity, construct validity, criterion validity and predictive validity were assessed. Demographic data, Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), medical and behavior problems, and socioeconomic status were collected for analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 2613 participants completed the TH-JSQ-P, with 1207 completing it twice to assess test-retest reliability. The TH-JSQ-P had good internal consistency reliability and test-retest ability with Cronbach's alpha value of 0.898 and intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.814. The content validity was acceptable. The ESS had correlation with sleep problems in almost all subscales except for sleep habit.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The TH-JSQ-P is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating sleep problems in preschool children in Thailand. It has the potential to be extensively utilized to screen for sleep problems, thereby enabling healthcare professionals to identify them early and implement prompt management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56137,"journal":{"name":"Brain & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Looks can be deceiving: An appraisal of Sturge weber syndrome type III case series","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.braindev.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.braindev.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56137,"journal":{"name":"Brain & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142301813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing visual processing deficits in cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.braindev.2024.09.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.braindev.2024.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>Cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (CALD) can cause visual impairment, but early symptoms are often missed or misdiagnosed. The framework of cerebral visual impairment (CVI) distinguishes deficits in sensory detection (“lower order”) from those of perception and interpretation (“higher order”). This study describes visual deficits in patients with CALD and higher order visual function assessed with a virtual reality (VR) interface combined with eye tracking.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective medical record review assessed the prevalence of visual deficits in patients with CALD, as well as lesion burden on brain MRI using the Loes MRI severity score. A VR-based task measured visual spatial processing performance in participants with CALD and controls.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 89 CALD patients, 69 % had at least one sign or symptom of visual impairment. Lower order deficits were seen in 56 % of patients, and higher order deficits were seen in 59 % of patients who underwent neuropsychological testing. Even in early stage disease (Loes MRI severity score ≤ 3), visual impairment was present in more than half of patients (58 %). On prospective VR-based assessment, the CALD group (<em>n</em> = 30) had impaired visual search performance (lower success rate and longer reaction time) compared with controls (<em>n</em> = 38). In both groups, there was a trend of worsening performance with increasing task difficulty.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Higher order visual deficits, not just impairment of visual acuity, visual fields, or oculomotor function, are common in all stages of CALD. Beyond neuropsychological testing, VR-based functional testing allows for quantitative assessment of higher order visual perceptual deficits that are relevant to everyday tasks and may serve as an important marker of neurological decline.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56137,"journal":{"name":"Brain & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142481868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recognizing red flags for alternative diagnoses in pediatric chorea beyond Sydenham's","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.braindev.2024.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.braindev.2024.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Chorea is a common movement disorder in children, requiring thorough clinical assessment and appropriate tests for etiological diagnosis. Early identification of treatable conditions can lead to effective treatment, reducing morbidity and improving quality of life.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To describe the clinical, demographic, and epidemiological characteristics of children and adolescents diagnosed with chorea.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective cross-sectional study of pediatric patients treated in a fourth-level hospital in Bogotá, Colombia, from January 2008 to January 2022.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>81 patients with chorea were found. The most frequent etiologies were rheumatic fever (50.6 %), vascular chorea (29.3 %), and chorea secondary to lupus (11.1 %). Patients with chorea secondary to rheumatic fever (Sydenham's chorea) were older compared to other etiologies, 10.36 ± 3.41 years vs 8.29 ± 5.16, <em>p</em> = 0.037. The presence of another movement disorder or abnormalities during the physical examination suggests a different etiology from rheumatic fever. Moreover, the presence of psychiatric symptoms was similar in all etiologies. However, a correlation between age and psychiatric symptoms was observed with an odds ratio of 1.14 95 % CI 1.02–1.29 per year.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Red flags in Sydenham's chorea suggesting an alternate etiology are younger age, the presence of other abnormal movements or other findings in the neurological exam or in the magnetic resonance imaging. No significant statistical differences were found between the etiologies with the presence of neuro-psychiatric manifestations. Nevertheless, these manifestations are very frequent in abnormal movements. This study evidenced the positive correlation between age and the presence of psychiatric symptoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56137,"journal":{"name":"Brain & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep problems among Asian preschool children with neurodevelopmental disorders","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.braindev.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.braindev.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sleep plays an important role in children's behavior, emotional control, and cognitive development. There is a higher prevalence of sleep problems in children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) compared to those without disease. There are a few studies regarding sleep problems among Thai preschoolers with NDDs. This study examined sleep problems in preschoolers with NDDs, compared with typically developing children (TD), and studied the association between sleep problems and behavioral problems among preschoolers with NDDs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Sleep problems in 140 children aged 2 to 6 years with NDDs; autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, global developmental delay, and developmental language disorder were evaluated by using the Thai version of Japanese Sleep Questionnaire for Preschoolers (TH-JSQ-P) and compared with 285 TD children at the same age. Behavioral problems in the NDDs group were evaluated by using the Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL). Sleep and behavioral problem scores were analyzed by adjusted age, sex, underlying diseases, and medications used and compared between the two groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study found that 48 % of the TD group and 71 % of the NDDs group were identified as having sleep problems. The NDDs group had significantly higher total TH-JSQ-P score and in five subscales, including obstructive sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome-motor, parasomnias, daytime behaviors, and insomnia/circadian rhythm disorders. Total TH-JSQ-P score was found to have a moderate correlation with internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Findings suggest that sleep problems are more common in preschool children with NDDs than in TD children and are associated with internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56137,"journal":{"name":"Brain & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142481870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Color density spectral array findings on continuous EEG during therapeutic hypothermia in children with acute encephalopathy","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.braindev.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.braindev.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Background:</em> Quantitative EEG is frequently used to monitor children affected by acute encephalopathy (AE), with the expectation of providing comprehensive insights into continuous EEG monitoring. However, the potential of quantitative EEG for estimating outcomes in this context remains unclear. We sought reliable prognostic markers within the color density spectral array (CDSA) of the continuous EEG for AE-affected children undergoing therapeutic hypothermia (TH). <em>Methods:</em> This retrospective study analyzed CDSA data from eight scalp electrodes of 15 AE-affected children undergoing TH. Two CDSA features were investigated—high-frequency lines (HFLs) and periodic elevation in the low frequency band (PLFB)—along with the corresponding EEG characteristics. The inter-rater reliability for CDSA was assessed by four pediatric neurologists. Outcomes were grouped into either no/mild or severe decline in motor and cognitive functions, then compared with CDSA features. <em>Results:</em> The median EEG recording time was 114 (81–151) h per child. While at least 41 % of HFLs corresponded to typical sleep spindles, 94 % of PLFB aligned with cyclic changes in the amplitude of delta/theta waves on the raw EEG. Inter-rater reliability was higher for HFLs than for PLFB (kappa values: 0.69 vs. 0.46). HFLs were significantly more prevalent in children with no/mild decline than in children with severe decline (<em>p</em> = 0.017), whereas PLFB did not differ significantly (<em>p</em> = 0.33). <em>Conclusions:</em> This study provides preliminary evidence that reduced HFLs on CDSA predict unfavorable outcomes in AE-affected children undergoing TH. This suggests that maintaining high-frequency waves is critical for optimal brain function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56137,"journal":{"name":"Brain & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142147012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retrospective study on post-operative recovery of daily living activity after total corpus callosotomy","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.braindev.2024.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.braindev.2024.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Post-operative complications of corpus callosotomy (CC) in children, prolonged hospitalization due to inactivity as acute disconnection syndrome is occasionally experienced. We aimed to clarify this issue and its risk factors with a hypothesis that electroencephalogram (EEG) findings as measures of functional lateralization may be among prognostic factors for post-operative recovery.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Twenty-three patients with childhood-onset drug-resistant epilepsy who underwent total CC between April 2017 and December 2023 were included in the study and they were divided into two groups based on the duration of post-operative hospitalization as an indicator of recovery of daily living activity. We compared scalp EEG findings and the other factors including clinical characteristics between the two groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 22 patients (14 males) without specific complications, post-operative hospitalization clustered in 9–14 days in 15 patients (Group A) with range 16–118 days in seven patients (Group B). The ratios of patients with non-lateralized spikes on pre-operative EEG and that of patients with symmetric background activity on post-operative EEG were significantly greater in Group B (7/7, 100 %; 6/7, 86 %, respectively) than in Group A (8/15, 53 %; 4/15, 27 %, respectively) (<em>p</em> = 0.038; <em>p</em> = 0.020, respectively, by Fisher's exact test), while other factors were not significantly different between the two groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Delayed recovery of living activity should be anticipated, especially in patients with non-lateralized epileptic discharges on pre-operative EEG.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56137,"journal":{"name":"Brain & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142301812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of buccal midazolam for seizures outside the hospital: Real-world clinical experience","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.braindev.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.braindev.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Buccal midazolam (buc MDL) is the first buccal mucosal delivery formulation applied for status epilepticus in Japan. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness and adverse events of buc MDL as a pre-hospital treatment for epileptic seizures in real-world clinical practice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study involved a retrospective review based on medical records. We included children who received buc MDL as pre-hospital treatment for epileptic seizures and were subsequently transported to the emergency department between April 2021 and November 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This study included 26 patients (136 episodes). The overall efficacy rate, which was defined as seizure cessation within 10 min after buc MDL administration with no recurrence within 30 min, was 43 %. Moreover, 70 % of the episodes did not require additional medications. None of the episodes required bag-mask ventilation or intubation following seizure cessation with buc MDL alone. The efficacy was decreased when buc MDL was administered longer than 15 min from seizure onset. Furthermore, the efficacy did not decrease as long as it was within 0.2–0.5 mg/kg, even if the dose was smaller than the appropriate dose for the specific age.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The response rate was significantly higher in episodes where buc MDL was administered within 15 min. Additionally, there was no concern regarding respiratory depression with buc MDL alone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56137,"journal":{"name":"Brain & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of acute encephalopathy with hyperperfusion detected by arterial spin labelling: Extending spectrum of acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.braindev.2024.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.braindev.2024.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD) is the most common encephalopathy syndrome among Japanese children. We report, for the first time, a case of AESD, in which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed no diffusion abnormalities, but hyperperfusion was detected by arterial spin labelling (ASL).</div></div><div><h3>Case report</h3><div>A previously healthy Japanese 1-year and 5-month-old boy was transferred to our hospital due to a consciousness disorder after &gt;60 min of status epilepticus on the first day of fever. Brain MRI on the first day revealed no abnormal findings. On the fourth day, focal seizures of the left upper and lower limbs were observed. Thereafter, the patient's condition progressed without seizures. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) on day 6 showed no abnormal findings, including a bright tree appearance. However, ASL showed hyperperfusion in the frontoparietal lobes. MRI scans on days 19 and 39 revealed that the hyperperfusion lesions on day 6 had transitioned to hypoperfusion on ASL and displayed high signal intensity on T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging. Cerebral atrophy was also observed. Based on the clinical course and imaging findings during the chronic phase, a diagnosis of AESD was made.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>ASL may be more sensitive than DWI for detecting AESD lesions and should be performed in children with suspected AESD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56137,"journal":{"name":"Brain & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142367671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visualizing changes in cerebral hemodynamics in children with ADHD who have discontinued methylphenidate: A pilot study on using brain function for medication discontinuation decisions","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.braindev.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.braindev.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study undertook neuropharmacological research on the clinical course of controlled medication discontinuation to guide practitioners who are considering stopping medications for youths with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study analyzed the data for 14 ADHD children (12 male and 2 female) in two datasets: The children prescribed methylphenidate (MPH) were at an initial mean age of 7.5 years (SD = 1.70, range: 6–11) with a mean ADHD-Rating Score (ADHD-RS) of 26.6 (SD = 8.64, range 15–40). The children who discontinued MPH based on clinical judgment were at a mean age of 12.21 years (SD = 2.12, range: 8–15) with a mean ADHD-RS of 15.9 (SD = 6.86, range 5–27). The go/no-go task was used to assess response inhibition, while functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to measure cerebral hemodynamics. Oxygenated hemoglobin (Oxy-Hb) values from fNIRS data were analyzed for each subject, focusing on past and current measurements. Baseline was set at 10 s pre-task, with interval means from 4 to 24 s analyzed. One-sample <em>t</em>-tests were used to evaluate brain activity magnitude.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results of the study demonstrate that the children who had discontinued the medication exhibited activation in specific brain regions including the frontopolar cortex and the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Activation (<em>t</em> = 2.363, <em>p</em> = 0.034, Cohen's <em>d</em> = 0.632) was found especially in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during the performance of the go/no-go task. These activated areas were consistent with those observed in a previous study comparing brain activity during a go/no-go task between children with ADHD and healthy children.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The present study showed differences in cerebral hemodynamics before and after discontinuation of MPH in ADHD children whose ADHD symptoms did not recur after MPH was discontinued. In the near future, further investigations that include control groups will be conducted to demonstrate the effects of MPH prior to discontinuation based on the changes in cerebral blood flow in the right prefrontal cortex, which is involved in behavioral inhibition, as observed in this study. This and future research will facilitate the development of criteria for discontinuing treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56137,"journal":{"name":"Brain & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142407290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}