Finite Elements in Analysis and Design最新文献

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Waves in a bio-inspired gyroid cellular architectured metabeam 仿生旋转细胞结构元梁中的波
IF 3.5 3区 工程技术
Finite Elements in Analysis and Design Pub Date : 2025-06-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.finel.2025.104387
Somraj Sen , Satyendra Kumar Singh , Arnab Banerjee
{"title":"Waves in a bio-inspired gyroid cellular architectured metabeam","authors":"Somraj Sen ,&nbsp;Satyendra Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Arnab Banerjee","doi":"10.1016/j.finel.2025.104387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.finel.2025.104387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The materials proposed for use as shock absorbers exhibit dynamic properties closely resembling those of hard connective tissues, such as human bone tissue. Moreover, cellular and porous structures, like gyroids, are increasingly preferred for implant applications due to their tailored mechanical and dynamic properties, offering superior performance compared to solid materials. This observation inspires us to investigate and evaluate the dispersion characteristics of a lightweight architectured beam inspired from gyroid cellular structures (GCS) as its unit cell, aimed at comprehending its wave propagation behavior. A simplified model of GCS is conceptualized through the assembly of prismatic space frame elements, modeled using the spectral element method (SEM) within the framework of transfer matrix formulation of the harmonic solution. The proposed architectured beam demonstrates the presence of complete attenuation bandgap regions, attributed to the coupling of various wave modes. These complete bandgaps signify that waves of all modes within the specified frequencies are attenuated. Furthermore, the bandgaps are validated through the frequency response function obtained for a beam constructed by assembling multiple unit cells. The study also explores the influence of the structural parameters, including the slenderness ratio and diameter ratio on the attenuation bandwidth, offering insights into optimizing the beam’s dynamic performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56133,"journal":{"name":"Finite Elements in Analysis and Design","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 104387"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A finite element implementation of the SRTD algorithm for an Oldroyd 3-parameter viscoelastic fluid model Oldroyd三参数粘弹性流体模型SRTD算法的有限元实现
IF 3.5 3区 工程技术
Finite Elements in Analysis and Design Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.finel.2025.104399
Christian Austin , Sara Pollock , L. Ridgway Scott
{"title":"A finite element implementation of the SRTD algorithm for an Oldroyd 3-parameter viscoelastic fluid model","authors":"Christian Austin ,&nbsp;Sara Pollock ,&nbsp;L. Ridgway Scott","doi":"10.1016/j.finel.2025.104399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.finel.2025.104399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we discuss a finite element implementation of the SRTD algorithm described by Girault and Scott for the steady-state case of a certain 3-parameter subset of the Oldroyd models. We compare it to the well-known EVSS method, which, though originally described for the upper-convected Maxwell model, can easily accommodate the Oldroyd 3-parameter model. We obtain numerical results for both methods on two benchmark problems: the lid-driven cavity problem and the journal-bearing, or eccentric rotating cylinders, problem. We find that the resulting finite element implementation of SRTD is stable with respect to mesh refinement and is generally faster than EVSS, though is not capable of reaching as high a Weissenberg number as EVSS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56133,"journal":{"name":"Finite Elements in Analysis and Design","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 104399"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144471163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Investigation on an optimal aggregation level for a parallel meshless multigrid method based on domain decomposition method 基于区域分解法的并行无网格多重网格法的最优聚集水平研究
IF 3.5 3区 工程技术
Finite Elements in Analysis and Design Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.finel.2025.104402
Sang Truong Ha , Hyeong Cheol Park , Han Young Yoon , Hyoung Gwon Choi
{"title":"Investigation on an optimal aggregation level for a parallel meshless multigrid method based on domain decomposition method","authors":"Sang Truong Ha ,&nbsp;Hyeong Cheol Park ,&nbsp;Han Young Yoon ,&nbsp;Hyoung Gwon Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.finel.2025.104402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.finel.2025.104402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We developed three parallel algorithms for a meshless geometric multigrid (GMG) method proposed for the finite element discretization of elliptic partial differential equation. These methods for parallel multigrid (PMG) are based on the message passing interface (MPI) for domain decomposition and coarse matrix aggregation (CMA) algorithm for coarser levels. Using coarse matrices obtained by a parallel Galerkin condition for the present meshless GMG, we proposed a parameter by which an optimal aggregation level is determined. This parameter is defined as the ratio of total number of external interface nodes from all the subdomains before aggregation to the number of non-zero entries of gathered matrix after aggregation. Three methods <strong>—M1, M2, and M3—</strong> are classified depending on how the coarsest matrix is solved and the number of coarser levels for which CMA is applied. M1 (M2) solves the coarsest matrix via an iterative (direct) solver applying CMA only for the coarsest level, whereas M3 determines the multigrid levels with CMA based on the parameter and employs a direct solver for the coarsest matrix. We found that M3 is more efficient than the others and much more efficient in the case of complicated geometry because communication overhead is reduced compared to the other methods. Furthermore, the present PMG could achieve super-linear scalability owing to the cache effect for a large problem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56133,"journal":{"name":"Finite Elements in Analysis and Design","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 104402"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Parallel computing on GPU with CuPy and vectorized SpMV for large-scale topology optimization 基于CuPy和矢量化SpMV的GPU并行计算大规模拓扑优化
IF 3.5 3区 工程技术
Finite Elements in Analysis and Design Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.finel.2025.104388
Jiangnan Hou , Jiajie Li , Shengfeng Zhu , Xindi Hu , Zeyang Yu
{"title":"Parallel computing on GPU with CuPy and vectorized SpMV for large-scale topology optimization","authors":"Jiangnan Hou ,&nbsp;Jiajie Li ,&nbsp;Shengfeng Zhu ,&nbsp;Xindi Hu ,&nbsp;Zeyang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.finel.2025.104388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.finel.2025.104388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a vectorized programming approach to Sparse Matrix-Vector multiplication (SpMV) based on a novel decomposition of the finite element matrix for GPU. The approach is employed for large-scale topology optimization. Unlike the existing matrix-free SpMV strategies (e.g., EbE, NbN, and DbD), our framework transforms SpMV into vector operations. This improvement enhances accessibility for non-expert users in Python environment (e.g., CuPy) while maintaining computational efficiency. Numerical examples of topology optimization on GPU, such as heat transfer and structural design, in both 2D and 3D with up to 63 million elements illustrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach. Codes could be seen at <span><span>https://github.com/HouJiangnan81/CuPy-for-TO</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56133,"journal":{"name":"Finite Elements in Analysis and Design","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 104388"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Temperature fields calculation in heat exchangers using the finite element method 换热器温度场的有限元计算
IF 3.5 3区 工程技术
Finite Elements in Analysis and Design Pub Date : 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.finel.2025.104385
Jose M. Chaquet , Pedro Galán del Sastre
{"title":"Temperature fields calculation in heat exchangers using the finite element method","authors":"Jose M. Chaquet ,&nbsp;Pedro Galán del Sastre","doi":"10.1016/j.finel.2025.104385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.finel.2025.104385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heat exchanger (HEX) design is an optimization process that seeks to maximize heat transfer between two fluids while minimizing pressure drops. There are several conceptual design methods based on integral equations that only work with specific temperature values at the inlet and outlet of the HEX. However, it is very interesting to obtain approximate temperature distributions in these early stages of analysis to verify that the design criteria are met. To do this, it is necessary to solve systems of differential equations depending on the HEX configuration. Under certain assumptions, these equations have an analytical solution. However, in most cases it is only possible to obtain a numerical approximation. This work presents the solution of these equations for 6 HEX arrangements based on the finite element method. After validating the results in the cases whose analytical solution is known, the proposed method is applied to two realistic cases. Firstly, the effectiveness of a double-pass crossflow heat exchanger is studied. Since the inlet distributions in the second HEX module are not constant, no analytical solution is available. The numerical solution allows to analyze under what conditions the second pass is not effective due to thermal inversion. Secondly, a simplified 2D geometry of a compact intercooler HEX for hydrogen-fueled aero engine is solved. Specifically, an analysis is carried out to locate possible malfunctions due to obstructions of the fluid flows making use only of the metal temperature distributions at the outlets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56133,"journal":{"name":"Finite Elements in Analysis and Design","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 104385"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144170140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optimization of point-melting strategies for the Electron Beam Melting process 电子束熔炼过程中点熔策略的优化
IF 3.5 3区 工程技术
Finite Elements in Analysis and Design Pub Date : 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.finel.2025.104356
Geovane Augusto Haveroth , Carl-Johan Thore , Roberto Federico Ausas , Stefan Jakobsson , José Alberto Cuminato , Maicon Ribeiro Correa
{"title":"Optimization of point-melting strategies for the Electron Beam Melting process","authors":"Geovane Augusto Haveroth ,&nbsp;Carl-Johan Thore ,&nbsp;Roberto Federico Ausas ,&nbsp;Stefan Jakobsson ,&nbsp;José Alberto Cuminato ,&nbsp;Maicon Ribeiro Correa","doi":"10.1016/j.finel.2025.104356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.finel.2025.104356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes an optimization methodology to find optimal heat source paths for point-melting in Electron Beam Melting (EBM) Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) processes, aiming to reduce the need for support structures and improve print quality. The building process is simulated using a time-dependent, one-way coupled, non-linear thermo-mechanical model, assuming negligible molten flow, with elastoplastic behavior and temperature-dependent material parameters. The goal of the optimization problem is to find heat source paths that minimize a global temperature measure with a penalty on excessive local temperatures. The numerical methodology is based on solving the non-linear partial differential equations via the Finite Element Method (FEM) and is applied in numerical examples for printing with titanium alloy Ti6Al4V. Metrics related to heat, residual displacement, and residual stresses are considered to assess the performance of different point-melting strategies and to compare optimized and conventional paths. The feasibility of the proposed optimization methodology for practical applications and alternatives towards future methodological advancements are discussed. The study provides a Python-based, MPI-parallelized implementation using open-source libraries and is made available for further research and applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56133,"journal":{"name":"Finite Elements in Analysis and Design","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 104356"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144170141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Role of the interphase zone in the effective mechanical properties and fracture modes of multiphase metal matrix composites at microscale 微尺度下相间区对多相金属基复合材料有效力学性能和断裂模式的影响
IF 3.5 3区 工程技术
Finite Elements in Analysis and Design Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.finel.2025.104390
Szymon Nosewicz, Grzegorz Jurczak
{"title":"Role of the interphase zone in the effective mechanical properties and fracture modes of multiphase metal matrix composites at microscale","authors":"Szymon Nosewicz,&nbsp;Grzegorz Jurczak","doi":"10.1016/j.finel.2025.104390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.finel.2025.104390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study conducts a comprehensive numerical analysis to examine how the interphase zone influences the mechanical behavior of multiphase metal matrix composites at the microscale. A unit-cell model is developed within a finite element framework to capture the mechanical response of (a) interphase and particle deformation and damage, (b) a porous metal matrix, and (c) surface separation at two distinct interfaces. The material properties of the composite's key constituents are determined through a calibration process combining experimental testing and literature data. A series of simulations on unit-cell models with varying interphase characteristics are carried out to assess the effect of different plastic properties. Additionally, the role of interphase brittleness is investigated by modifying the failure strain to represent brittle, semi-ductile, and ductile behavior. By systematically varying interphase parameters, the study explores a broad spectrum of potential composite performance scenarios. Parametric studies are also conducted to analyze the behavior of interfaces between composite constituents. By adjusting cohesive strength and fracture energy, the model captures a wide range of bonding conditions—from weak to strong, and from brittle to ductile. The analysis identifies more than six distinct failure modes. Comparative stress-strain responses are used to highlight the influence of specific parameters on composite behavior. Key performance metrics such as toughness, ultimate tensile strength, and ductility are evaluated to illustrate the connection between microscopic features and macroscopic properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56133,"journal":{"name":"Finite Elements in Analysis and Design","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 104390"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
High aspect ratio interface elements for mesoscale modelling of concrete under dynamic fracture propagation 混凝土动态断裂扩展细观模型的高纵横比界面单元
IF 3.5 3区 工程技术
Finite Elements in Analysis and Design Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.finel.2025.104372
Welington Hilário Vieira , Daniel Dias-da-Costa , Rodrigo Ribeiro Paccola
{"title":"High aspect ratio interface elements for mesoscale modelling of concrete under dynamic fracture propagation","authors":"Welington Hilário Vieira ,&nbsp;Daniel Dias-da-Costa ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Ribeiro Paccola","doi":"10.1016/j.finel.2025.104372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.finel.2025.104372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Concrete can show an increased material strength under dynamic loading conditions, which is related to the heterogeneity at the mesoscale, as well as the rate of loading. The ability to capture this phenomenon and predict behaviour under dynamic fracture propagation is of interest to different applications. High aspect ratio interface elements are developed here for mesoscale modelling of concrete under dynamic loading while attending to the dynamic strength enhancement. The high aspect ratio interface elements can be implemented in standard finite element codes, as they are based on the same integration rules and shape functions as bulk elements. A rate-dependent constitutive model based on two damage variables is proposed to simultaneously handle fracture propagation in modes I and II, including the contribution of friction. A strategy is also proposed to avoid material iterations due to the coupled modes. The framework is validated using several examples, including mixed mode tests with different loading rates. In general, both load versus displacement curves and crack patterns are found to be close to the experimental results. The importance of the sample heterogeneity and the rate-dependent constitutive model could be observed as critical components to predict the results of dynamic experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56133,"journal":{"name":"Finite Elements in Analysis and Design","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 104372"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Second-order compatible-strain mixed finite elements for 2D compressible nonlinear elasticity 二维可压缩非线性弹性的二阶相容-应变混合有限元
IF 3.5 3区 工程技术
Finite Elements in Analysis and Design Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.finel.2025.104369
Mohsen Jahanshahi , Damiano Pasini , Arash Yavari
{"title":"Second-order compatible-strain mixed finite elements for 2D compressible nonlinear elasticity","authors":"Mohsen Jahanshahi ,&nbsp;Damiano Pasini ,&nbsp;Arash Yavari","doi":"10.1016/j.finel.2025.104369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.finel.2025.104369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, a new class of mixed finite elements—compatible-strain mixed finite elements (CSMFEs)—has emerged that uses the differential complex of nonlinear elasticity. Their excellent performance in benchmark problems, such as numerical stability for modeling large deformations in near-incompressible solids, makes them a promising choice for solving engineering problems. Explicit forms exist for various shape functions of first-order CSMFEs. In contrast, existing second-order CSMFEs evaluate shape functions using numerical integration. In this paper, we formulate second-order CSMFEs with explicit shape functions for the displacement gradient and stress tensor. Concepts of vector calculus that stem from exterior calculus are presented and used to provide efficient forms for shape functions in the natural coordinate system. Covariant and contravariant Piola transformations are then applied to transform the shape functions to the physical space. Mid-nodes and pseudo-nodes are used to enforce the continuity constraints for the displacement gradient and stress tensor over the boundaries of elements. The formulation of the proposed second-order CSMFEs and technical aspects regarding their implementation are discussed in detail. Several benchmark problems are solved to compare the performance of CSMFEs with first-order CSMFEs and other second-order elements that rely on numerical integration. It is shown that the proposed CSMFEs are numerically stable for modeling near-incompressible solids in the finite strain regime.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56133,"journal":{"name":"Finite Elements in Analysis and Design","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 104369"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Investigation of process-induced deformation in thermoplastic composites through sequential thermoforming simulation considering crystallization kinetics 考虑结晶动力学的热塑性复合材料连续热成形过程变形研究
IF 3.5 3区 工程技术
Finite Elements in Analysis and Design Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.finel.2025.104389
Solmi Kim , Dong-Hyeop Kim , Sang-Woo Kim , Soo-Yong Lee
{"title":"Investigation of process-induced deformation in thermoplastic composites through sequential thermoforming simulation considering crystallization kinetics","authors":"Solmi Kim ,&nbsp;Dong-Hyeop Kim ,&nbsp;Sang-Woo Kim ,&nbsp;Soo-Yong Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.finel.2025.104389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.finel.2025.104389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a predictive method for process-induced deformation (PID) and residual stress in a V-shaped carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite (CFRTP) using sequential thermoforming simulations within integrated thermo-mechanical simulation framework implemented in ABAQUS with user-defined materials subroutine (UMAT). The FE-based thermoforming simulation incorporates theoretical models to consider crystallization effects and the mechanical behavior of CFRTP composite. The thermoforming process, consisting of forming, holding, and demolding stages, is analyzed in detail with respect to temperature distribution, residual stress evolution, and PID. A primary finding was that 1) the CFRTP deformed into a V-shape during forming, 2) residual stress was accumulated due to mechanical constraints in the holding stage, and 3) PID occurred upon demolding, resulting in a spring-in angle of 6.6°. This proposed methodology integrates multiple thermoforming simulations within integrated thermo-mechanical simulation framework, significantly improving computational efficiency and enabling rapid and precise prediction of effective material properties. By minimizing simulation complexity, it provides a practical tool for optimizing CFRTP-based structural and mold designs, reducing shape distortion, and enhancing the dimensional precision of thermoformed composite structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56133,"journal":{"name":"Finite Elements in Analysis and Design","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 104389"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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