E. G. Kalacheva, D. V. Melnikov, A. A. Dolgaya, E. V. Voloshina
{"title":"The Formation of the Chemical Composition of Karymsky R. Water As Affected by Hydrothermal and Volcanic Activity in Kamchatka","authors":"E. G. Kalacheva, D. V. Melnikov, A. A. Dolgaya, E. V. Voloshina","doi":"10.1134/S0742046324700490","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0742046324700490","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper examines the Karymsky Volcanic Center to estimate how much volcanic and hydrothermal activity affects the chemical composition of river water. We evaluate the volumes of major and trace elements coming to the Pacific Ocean via the Karymsky River. We assess the quality of river water in compliance with the regulations for potable water, water used for household work, and in fisheries. It is shown that the formation of ion load of the river water mostly occurs by inflow of thermal waters, as well as due to water-soluble complexes of ashes discharged by Karymsky Volcano and coming to the catchment area of the river. The annual volume of dissolved material transported by the river to the Kronotsky Bay of the Pacific Ocean amounts to more than 90 kilotons.</p>","PeriodicalId":56112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Seismology","volume":"18 2","pages":"132 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141512296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. A. Kakourova, V. I. Dzhurik, E. V. Bryzhak, V. M. Demyanovich
{"title":"Quasilinear Chains of Earthquakes in Clusters of Seismic Events: The Baikal Rift System","authors":"A. A. Kakourova, V. I. Dzhurik, E. V. Bryzhak, V. M. Demyanovich","doi":"10.1134/S0742046324700507","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0742046324700507","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The identification of numerous quasilinear chains of earthquakes in the epicenter field of seismicity in the Baikal region and a study of these chains showed that the chains may include, not only chains of “migrating” earthquakes, but also those arising in a random space–time distribution of earthquakes. The present statistical study of the distribution of interepicenter distances showed that “migrating” chains may be formed within clusters of seismic events, and the distribution has been investigated. We note that chains in earthquake clusters can be identified based on the distribution of time, as well as from the distribution of distances. We have found the formation of earthquake chains in the areas of the following clusters of earthquakes: the Busingol earthquakes of 1976 and 1991; the South Baikal, the Kyakhta, and the Kichera earthquakes in the Tompuda sequence, the Oldongsin and Charuoda clusters. We showed that the chains were formed during the occurrence of these clusters. The areas of concentrated chains of clustered seismicity are found to have a relationship of the positions and directivity of the chains to the strike of fault zones, to near-fault cracks, and to the orientation of nodal planes at earthquake foci.</p>","PeriodicalId":56112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Seismology","volume":"18 2","pages":"119 - 131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141512295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. V. Kiryukhin, Y. Fujii, B. A. Alam, E. V. Chernykh
{"title":"The Magnitudes of Seismic Events Induced by Fluid Injections into the Earth’s Crust","authors":"A. V. Kiryukhin, Y. Fujii, B. A. Alam, E. V. Chernykh","doi":"10.1134/S0742046324700519","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0742046324700519","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We review empirical data and theoretical relationships to derive equations which relate the upper boundary of maximum earthquake magnitude to the volume of fluids injected by pumping water and supercritical СО<sub>2</sub>, as well as to magmatic activity preceding volcanic eruptions. The equations can be used to predict triggered seismicity occurring during the extraction of shale gas and oil, to develop systems for extraction of geothermal energy and for burial of supercritical СО<sub>2</sub>, as well as to assess the volumes of magma injected before eruptions of volcanoes.</p>","PeriodicalId":56112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Seismology","volume":"18 2","pages":"111 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141512294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The 2019–2021 Eruptions of Klyuchevskoi Volcano, Kamchatka","authors":"N. A. Zharinov, Yu. V. Demyanchuk","doi":"10.1134/S0742046324700520","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0742046324700520","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper provides information on the volumes of ejecta discharged by lateral and summit eruptions during the period from 1932 to 1989. We show that the volumes of ejecta from lateral eruptions were larger than those of the summit eruptions for the period. We examine subsequent variations in the character of eruptions. Lateral and summit eruptions had been occurring on the volcano from 1932 to 1989, and summit eruptions alone from 1990 to 2016. Changes occurred in 2016 with the resumption of lateral eruptions on the volcano’s slopes. We note one characteristic feature, namely, all summit eruptions terminated in collapse events in the central crater. The collapse structures are characterized. The formation of the collapse structures is related to changes in the density and volume of magma as it was ascending to the ground surface. Data are provided relating to the summit eruptions of 2019–2021 and on the 2021 lateral eruption named after G.S. Gorshkov. New data are presented showing changes in the morphology of the summit crater during eruptions and collapses in the crater after the eruptions.</p>","PeriodicalId":56112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Seismology","volume":"18 2","pages":"101 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141512293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. I. Silaev, G. A. Karpov, A. G. Demin, L. P. Anikin, L. P. Vergasova, V. N. Filippov, I. V. Smoleva, E. A. Vasiliev, A. E. Sukharev, B. A. Makeev, A. F. Khazov
{"title":"Extra-Mantle Genetic Diamond Types and the Potential of the Kamchatka Diamondiferous Province of Russia","authors":"V. I. Silaev, G. A. Karpov, A. G. Demin, L. P. Anikin, L. P. Vergasova, V. N. Filippov, I. V. Smoleva, E. A. Vasiliev, A. E. Sukharev, B. A. Makeev, A. F. Khazov","doi":"10.1134/S0742046324700477","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0742046324700477","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper reports results from a study of two new genetic types of diamond discovered in Kamchatka. These diamonds were formed under extra-mantle conditions, as can be inferred from the fact that there is no indication of post-crystallization annealing with the formation of aggregated nitrogen defects in them. The first of these types is defined by us as volcanic-atmoelectrogenic. This is formed directly in a volcanic ash-gas cloud due to deep-seated methane released by atmospheric electric discharges. The second genetic type of diamonds is formed at depth within a magmatic-pneumatolytic-hydrothermal ore deposit, and can be defined as the explosive-tuffisite type. The industrial potential of these types enables us to assert the discovery of a new diamondiferous province, i.e., the Kamchatka Province.</p>","PeriodicalId":56112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Seismology","volume":"18 2","pages":"165 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141512298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inhomogeneities in the Attenuation Field of Short Period Shear Waves in the Kuriles and Kamchatka, and Their Relation to Large and Great Earthquakes","authors":"Yu. F. Kopnichev, I. N. Sokolova","doi":"10.1134/S0742046323700434","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0742046323700434","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Areas where large shallow earthquakes can occur in the future are identified by considering characteristics of the attenuation field of short period shear waves in the lithosphere. A total of over 360 records of earthquakes at depths of 0–33 km have been processed; these earthquakes were recorded at the PET station from two regions enclosed in the coordinates 45.0°–50.5° N and 54.0°–56.5° N (for the sake of brevity these regions will be referred to in what follows as the southern and the northern region, respectively). In addition, for comparison purposes we used records of earthquakes made at the KGB station from the area between 52° and 54° N. We used a method based on the ratio of peak amplitudes of Sn and Pn waves. It was found that the overall attenuation in the lithosphere of the northern region is much greater than that for the southern. At the same time we note that the attenuation in both of these areas is below that in northeastern Japan. The relatively lower attenuation occurs in the rupture zones of the great earthquakes occurring in 1952 (<i>M</i><sub>w</sub> = 9.0) and in 1963 (<i>M</i><sub>w</sub> = 8.6), that is, at least 60 years ago in the southern region, while the higher attenuation occurs in the rupture zones of recent events, 1997 (<i>M</i><sub>w</sub> = 7.8), 2006 (<i>M</i><sub>w</sub> = 8.3), and 2018 (<i>M</i><sub>w</sub> = 7.3). These data are consistent with the previous inferences, namely, that typical large earthquakes in subduction zones occur in earth volumes with higher concentrations of fluids in the uppermost mantle. Following large and great earthquakes, deep fluids are rising during a few decades, producing a decrease in the attenuation of the uppermost mantle. We have identified zones of high attenuation where large (<i>M</i><sub>w</sub> ≥ 7.7) earthquakes occurred long ago. We hypothesize that active precursory processes are occurring in these zones (primarily in the Avacha Bay and east of it) before large earthquakes.</p>","PeriodicalId":56112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Seismology","volume":"18 1","pages":"23 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141512301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Esmeralda Submarine Volcano at the Mariana Island Arc, and Some Features of the Constituent Rocks","authors":"V. V. Ananyev, V. V. Petrova, V. A. Rashidov","doi":"10.1134/S0742046323700410","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0742046323700410","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper summarizes available original data and material from the literature concerning our geological and geophysical knowledge of the Esmeralda submarine volcano situated at the Mariana island arc. An advanced study of the rocks dredged during the 4th and 5th cruises of the <i>Vulkanolog</i> research vessel yielded new information on silicate and trace element compositions of the rocks that compose the volcano. It was found that the volcanic edifice under study is composed of five rock types: basalts, basaltic andesites, dacites, gabbro, and basanites. For the first time we recovered samples of dacite and basanite that provide evidence of a broader petrochemical diversity of the Esmeralda submarine volcano compared to what has been thought previously. All dredged rocks show slightly higher concentrations of incoherent elements LILE and HFSE. Our studies enable us to classify the bulk of the dredged rocks as belonging to the association of arc ferrous tholeiites (IAB, IAT), with the composition of a single sample of alkaline basalt (basanite) plotting in the field of alkaline oceanic island basalts (OIB, OIA). The higher concentration of iron in plagioclase phenocrysts confirms the fact that the rocks are part of the high-iron tholeiitic association.</p>","PeriodicalId":56112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Seismology","volume":"18 1","pages":"48 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141530346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The April 11, 2023 Catastrophic Explosive Eruption of Sheveluch Volcano, Kamchatka","authors":"N. A. Zharinov, Yu. V. Demyanchuk","doi":"10.1134/S0742046323700458","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0742046323700458","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper provides data on the April 11, 2023 eruption of Sheveluch Volcano. The impact of the eruption has been assessed. The directed explosion destroyed the lava dome which took over 42 years to grow. According to the data acquired just before the eruption, the lava dome had a volume of about 0.53 km<sup>3</sup>. The eruption produced a field of explosive ejecta ∼70 km<sup>2</sup> in area and 0.49 km<sup>3</sup> in volume. The directed explosion was accompanied by pyroclastic flows which traveled for distances of 25–30 km from the volcano. The associated ashfall had a length of over 200 km. The weight of an ash sample varied between 1.2 and 43.9 kg/<sup>2</sup>, depending on the distance to the volcano. The area of ash deposits (with the weight of ash samples over 50 g/m<sup>2</sup>) was about 17 thousand m<sup>2</sup>, the volume of the ash deposits was 0.09 km<sup>3</sup>. Considered in relation to the total volume of ejecta (over 0.60 km<sup>3</sup>), the April 11, 2023 eruption of Sheveluch should be termed a great catastrophic eruption of this century.</p>","PeriodicalId":56112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Seismology","volume":"18 1","pages":"1 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141530349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Yu. Sokolov, A. S. Abramova, S. I. Shkarubo, R. A. Ananiev, E. A. Moroz, Yu. A. Zaraiskaya
{"title":"Neotectonics of the Barents Sea Shelf Eastern Part: Seismicity, Faults and Impact of the Atlantic–Arctic Rift System","authors":"S. Yu. Sokolov, A. S. Abramova, S. I. Shkarubo, R. A. Ananiev, E. A. Moroz, Yu. A. Zaraiskaya","doi":"10.1134/S0742046323700409","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0742046323700409","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study analyzes seismicity within the shelf of the Barents Sea and the Knipovich and Gakkel ridges that surround it, and compares the spatial distribution of seismicity with the fault network as identified by seismic prospecting data. Kinematic characteristics have been obtained for the spatial migration of seismic activity. It is shown that the seismic events recorded by NORSAR, the Norwegian regional network, as occurring within the Russian part of the Barents Sea shelf make linear clusters along strike slip faults. The fault network displaces Mesozoic seismic sequences and emerges at the bottom surface by displacing Quaternary deposits. This clearly indicates a present-day age of the faults along which the linear clusters of low magnitude seismicity aligned. The computation of the total seismic moment in the space-time domain showed the presence of a seismic activity migration along short fault segments in the shelf at rates of 10.5 to 25.7 km/year. A burst of general activity in the shelf area beginning in 2012 could be noted. Comparison of the time-dependent evolution of seismic activity in the shelf to fragments of the Atlantic–Arctic Rift System suggests that the evolution is due to tectonic deformation waves that are initiated along the geodynamically active plate boundary and are propagating to the shelf at a rate of 20‒22 km/year. Another alternative, namely, that the rate of migration can reach 77 km/year, is less likely. The increase in the rate of seismic activity in the shelf after 2012 might be, not emission due to the excitation of a slow deformation wave, but rather resulted from direct triggering impact on the shelf by the Knipovich and Gakkel ridges.</p>","PeriodicalId":56112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Seismology","volume":"18 1","pages":"64 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141530347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ionospheric Disturbances Following Eruptions of Stromboli Volcano","authors":"S. A. Riabova, S. L. Shalimov","doi":"10.1134/S0742046323700380","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0742046323700380","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ground-based vertical ionospheric soundings were used to analyze disturbances around the maximum of the F2 layer during a vigorous eruption of Stromboli Volcano, Italy involving two explosions in July and in August 2019, as well as after the resumption of volcanic activity on October 9, 2022. Characteristics of the response of the ionosphere to these events were chosen to be variations in the critical frequency of the F2 layer as recorded at the Gibilmanna, Rome, and San Vito stations not far from the volcano (within 450 km). The results of measurement provide evidence of the effect produced in the ionosphere by acoustic-gravity waves generated by volcanic activity and producing long-lived disturbances in the ionosphere.</p>","PeriodicalId":56112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Seismology","volume":"18 1","pages":"92 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141512304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}