{"title":"The Seismotectonic Movements in the Period Range of a Few Minutes before the Catastrophic Earthquake of March 11, 2011 in Japan","authors":"G. A. Sobolev, I. N. Migunov","doi":"10.1134/S0742046323700446","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0742046323700446","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We studied records of vertical ground velocity near broadband seismic stations installed around the epicenter of the magnitude 9, March 11, 2011 Tohoku earthquake. The MAJO station had been recording a stable daily behavior of seismic noise during 15 years before the earthquake. The station is the nearest to the epicenter, and is at a distance of 386 km from it. In 2009 pulses were identified exceeding 10% of the daily behavior. The pulses were gradually increasing and decreasing in amplitude, and lasted a few minutes. They occurred under quiet meteorological conditions and geomagnetic activity. No pulses of this kind were recorded at stations farther than 700 km from the epicenter. It is supposed that the earthquake was preceded by movements in the lithosphere beneath Japan and in the adjacent part of the Pacific Ocean.</p>","PeriodicalId":56112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Seismology","volume":"18 1","pages":"10 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141512300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. V. Sergeeva, S. N. Rychagov, O. V. Kravchenko, E. I. Sandimirova, M. A. Nazarova, E. V. Kartasheva, A. A. Kuzmina
{"title":"Mineral and Geochemical Features of Zeolite-Siliceous Deposits at the Pauzhetka Geothermal Field, Southern Kamchatka","authors":"A. V. Sergeeva, S. N. Rychagov, O. V. Kravchenko, E. I. Sandimirova, M. A. Nazarova, E. V. Kartasheva, A. A. Kuzmina","doi":"10.1134/S0742046323700422","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0742046323700422","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Pauzhetka geothermal field was surveyed to study the mineral deposits that were formed as thermal water was discharged from well separators. We studied the compositions, structure, and geochemical properties of these sediments along the flow and in vertical cross sections of manmade “sinters”. It was found that, at the beginning of thermal water discharges, the sediments were composed of X-ray-amorphous mordenite–opal mixtures; later on, the sediments became wholly siliceous. The zeolite component of the mineral deposits determines their high sorption properties in relation to Au, Ag, Hg, As, Rb, Sr, Ba, Cs and other elements; the mordenite matrix receives sulfides of iron, silver, and copper. It is shown that the mineral deposits which were formed at the ground surface of the Pauzhetka geothermal field constitute an indicator of alkaline mineral-forming and ore-forming environment in the lower horizons of the Pauzhetka geothermal system.</p>","PeriodicalId":56112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Seismology","volume":"18 1","pages":"32 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141512302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Negative Anomalies of the Atmospheric Electric Field Close to Ground in Seismic Regions","authors":"O. P. Rulenko","doi":"10.1134/S0742046323700392","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0742046323700392","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study is concerned with little-studied negative bay-like anomalies of the atmospheric electric field close to ground that are recorded in seismic regions, provided the weather is “fair” for observations of atmospheric electricity. The results from observations of these anomalies have been summarized and analyzed; we have identified some features in their occurrence which provide evidence of a relationship to the deformation of near-ground rocks during the tectonoseismic process. We are using the theory of atmospheric electricity to discover the responsible source; this is a local negative space charge of small ions produced in the near-surface air under the influence of a negative vertical gradient of conductivity. It was found that the charge and the negative electric anomalies it generates have a deformation-emanation nature. We suggest a scheme for the generation of such anomalies; the roles of radon and thoron are discussed. It was found that thoron is occasionally more important than radon.</p>","PeriodicalId":56112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Seismology","volume":"18 1","pages":"78 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141512303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. F. Emanov, A. A. Emanov, A. V. Fateev, E. V. Shevkunova, E. A. Gladyshev
{"title":"The Evolution of Altai Seismicity Following the Chuya Earthquake of 2003","authors":"A. F. Emanov, A. A. Emanov, A. V. Fateev, E. V. Shevkunova, E. A. Gladyshev","doi":"10.1134/S0742046323700355","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0742046323700355","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Chuya earthquake of 2003 exerted an appreciable influence on the seismicity of the entire Altai. This paper presents data on variations in the Altai seismicity from 2003 to 2021. It is shown that earthquakes of the first half-year after the major earthquake of 2003 had their rupture zones in the epicentral zone, while the other Altai structures were aseismic. After 2009 we saw changes both in the near zone that encompasses geological structures that were adjacent to the epicenter (with distances of 60‒80 km from the mainshock epicenter), such as the Aigulak, Kurai, South Chuisky and North Chuisky mountain ranges, and in the far zone at distances of 250‒450 km from the epicenter and in different directions from it. The Aigulak earthquake of 2019 gave rise to an aftershock process that displaced the center of Altai seismicity to the eponymous mountain range. There are no data on large earthquakes during the historical period for many Altai structures which have been activated following the Chuya earthquake, either from seismological or from paleo-geological evidence. One could explain the evolution of seismicity around the rupture zone of the Chuya earthquake in space, and with time delays of some years, invoking the influence of a large earthquake on a medium involving plasticity. We know of nonlinear models that hold promise for future research concerning the influence of large earthquakes on the evolution of seismicity in geological media.</p>","PeriodicalId":56112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Seismology","volume":"17 6","pages":"460 - 473"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138631549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. A. Korzhenkova, A. M. Korzhenkov, V. M. Makeev, J. V. Mažeika, M. V. Rodkin, A. A. Strelnikov, A. B. Fortuna
{"title":"The Occurrence of Large Holocene Earthquakes in the Kultor Fault Zone, Northern Issyk-Kul Area, Tien Shan Based on Radioisotope Dating","authors":"L. A. Korzhenkova, A. M. Korzhenkov, V. M. Makeev, J. V. Mažeika, M. V. Rodkin, A. A. Strelnikov, A. B. Fortuna","doi":"10.1134/S074204632370032X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S074204632370032X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Structural-geomorphological and paleoseismological methods were used to study morphostructures on the southern slope of the Kungei Ala-Too mountain range and in its southern foothills (adyrs). An analysis of radioisotope dates (radiocarbon and infrared luminescence) in paleoseismological trenches shows a lateral migration of vigorous seismic activity along the Kultor fault zone in the northern Issyk-Kul region. It has been confirmed that the contemporary high seismic activity concentrates in the adyr zone, and is confined to adyr faults. At least seven morphogenic earthquakes have occurred along this fault zone during Holocene time. The repeat time of morphogenic earthquakes was 200‒300 years in our era. It seems that this fault generated great seismic disasters with <i>М</i> ~ 7.5 (Io = Х) in the 7th and 15th centuries, with the rupture zones emerging at the surface and producing fault scarps up to 70‒80 km in length.</p>","PeriodicalId":56112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Seismology","volume":"17 6","pages":"509 - 529"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138631349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. V. Adushkin, S. A. Riabova, A. A. Spivak, A. V. Tikhonova
{"title":"Magnetic and Ionospheric Effects of the Shiveluch Volcano Eruption on April 10, 2023","authors":"V. V. Adushkin, S. A. Riabova, A. A. Spivak, A. V. Tikhonova","doi":"10.1134/S0742046323700379","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0742046323700379","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The results of instrumental observations carried out at observatories of the INTERMAGNET network and at the Wakkanai ionospheric sounding station were used to show that the vigorous effusion–explosion eruption of Shiveluch Volcano occurring on April 10, 2023 was accompanied by variations in the Earth’s magnetic field, as well as by changes in the critical frequency of the ionospheric <i>F</i> 2 layer.</p>","PeriodicalId":56112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Seismology","volume":"17 6","pages":"439 - 443"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138631358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. N. Terekhov, A. B. Makeyev, S. G. Skublov, O. I. Okina, Yu. A. Maksimova
{"title":"Quartz Porphyries on the Outer Islands in the Gulf of Finland: Volcanic Comagmates of Rapakivi Granites","authors":"E. N. Terekhov, A. B. Makeyev, S. G. Skublov, O. I. Okina, Yu. A. Maksimova","doi":"10.1134/S0742046323700318","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0742046323700318","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents new petrogeochemical data concerning rocks sampled on the Outer Islands in the Gulf of Finland. Earlier, quartz porphyries on Hogland Island were regarded as the standard for volcanic comagmates of rapakivi granites in the Wyborg massif. Sommers Island was found to contain two effusive rock sequences. The “southern” sequence is composed of quartz porphyries whose isotopic age is 1.66 Ga, so they can be regarded as the earliest manifestations of Riphean magmatic activity in the area. The “northern” rock sequence contains, apart from quartz porphyries, also trachybasalts, basaltic andesites, and dacites; the sequence has an isotopic age is 1.59‒1.57 Ga, which is inconsistent with the figures for the adjacent Wyborg massif (1.65‒1.63 Ga). For this reason, in spite of the fact that quartz porphyries and rapakive granites have similar compositions, the volcanics did not result from differentiation of the magma that has produced the granites, but were formed independently of these from a source of the same type which however was in a slightly different structural setting that allowed their free supply onto the ground surface.</p>","PeriodicalId":56112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Seismology","volume":"17 6","pages":"530 - 549"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138631364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microseismicity in the Persian Gulf and in the Zagros Mountain Massif according to OBS Observations","authors":"S. A. Kovachev, A. A. Krylov","doi":"10.1134/S0742046323700343","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0742046323700343","url":null,"abstract":"<p>OBS observations in the Persian Gulf during a short time span have revealed the occurrence of low magnitude (<i>M</i><sub>L</sub> = –0.2–2.9) earthquakes with hypocenters in the mantle beneath the Gulf and beneath the Zagros Mountain Massif. A cross-section across the shoreline of the Persian Gulf shows the projections of these hypocenters beneath the Zagros Mountains to make inclined layers that dip northeast at a high angle into the mantle down to depths of 120‒180 km. The 3D distribution of large and moderate magnitude earthquakes based on an improved earthquake catalog as reported by the US Geological Survey and by the International Seismological Centre (ISC) is not at variance with the distribution of microearthquakes and low magnitude earthquakes but seems rather to supplement it, forming a separate seismic dipping layer. According to the data acquired by OBS observations, seismic activity occurs throughout the entire crust and upper mantle of the region rather than in the upper crustal layers only as was asserted in previous publications. It is possible that collision and accompanying phenomena (mantle seismicity and destruction of the granitic layer in the crust) are related to the hypothetical rotation of the Earth around the center of rotation placed at Cyprus Island.</p>","PeriodicalId":56112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Seismology","volume":"17 6","pages":"474 - 490"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138631350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. I. Dudarov, I. Yu. Dmitrieva, A. A. Sayapina, S. S. Bagaeva
{"title":"An Analysis of Swarm Earthquakes in the Area of the Elbrus Volcanic Center","authors":"Z. I. Dudarov, I. Yu. Dmitrieva, A. A. Sayapina, S. S. Bagaeva","doi":"10.1134/S0742046323700367","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0742046323700367","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper reports results from an analysis of swarm seismic events that were recorded in 2018 in the area of the Elbrus Volcanic Center (EVC) by the North Caucasus Seismological Network of the Federal Research Center, Geophysical Survey, Russian Academy of Sciences (FRC GS RAS). The standard location procedure was used to find the hypocenters of recorded events in the EVC area. In the LOS program package, a complex combined location algorithm, methods for minimizing the time residuals at the source, and search over a grid with several trial depth values, were used to relocate the hypocenters of seismic events in swarm sequences. This approach enhances location reliability due to incorporation of the uncertainties related to erroneous onset identification and insignificant deviations of travel times that depend on the earth velocity model used here. A study of earthquake mechanisms for the larger earthquakes has determined the type of slip in agreement with the kinematics in the Elbrus–Mineralnye Vody normal-oblique fault zone. Correlation analysis of waveforms on the vertical component that have been filtered in the frequency range 1‒10 Hz, which includes <i>P</i> and <i>S</i> waves, at the nearest station shows a high agreement among the data under analysis (the correlation coefficient is <i>R</i> ≥ 0.85), thus indicating a high probability of all events having similar sources and propagation paths of seismic waves. Comparison of power spectral densities for individual earthquakes in the swarm sequences also demonstrates a high similarity.</p>","PeriodicalId":56112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Seismology","volume":"17 6","pages":"444 - 459"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138631363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Seismic Precursors of Large (M ≥ 6.0) Earthquakes in the Junction Zone between the Kuril–Kamchatka and Aleutian Island Arcs","authors":"A. A. Konovalova, V. A. Saltykov","doi":"10.1134/S0742046323700331","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0742046323700331","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper describes the behavior of several seismic precursors prior to the 2016–2019 activation in an area of a complex geodynamic setting at the boundary of the Pacific, North American, and Eurasian plates. We used an integrated approach to combine identified precursors with a view to getting more accurate locations of possible rupture zones of future large earthquakes. The precursors include quiescence based on the <i>RTL</i> parameter and the “<i>Z</i><b>-</b>function”, variations in the slope of the earthquake recurrence graph (γ-value), and the areas of seismic ruptures <i>dS</i>. For the first time in Kamchatka, we analyze anomalies in the parameter <i>dS</i> interpreted as seismic activations to show the presence of a precursory component before the onset of the foreshock activation. Examples include increases in the values of that parameter before events that were the largest for the areas where they occurred: the Near-Islands Aleutian earthquake of July 17, 2017, <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> = 7.8 and the Uglovoe Podnyatie earthquake of December 20, 2018, <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> = 7.3. The overall extent of the anomalous area, which still exists and includes consecutive quiescence and foreshock phases, is ~900 km, which creates conditions for possible occurrence of a new great earthquake in the junction zone of the three plates with a magnitude that can exceed whatever has been recorded in the region so far.</p>","PeriodicalId":56112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Seismology","volume":"17 6","pages":"491 - 508"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138631544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}