Palaeontologia Electronica最新文献_第4页

Leaf trait data of two Miocene floras from eastern China and its palaeoclimate implications 中国东部两个中新世植物区系的叶性状资料及其古气候意义

IF 2 4区地球科学

Palaeontologia Electronica Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.26879/1262

Wenlong He, A. Roth-Nebelsick, Bainian Sun

{"title":"Leaf trait data of two Miocene floras from eastern China and its palaeoclimate implications","authors":"Wenlong He, A. Roth-Nebelsick, Bainian Sun","doi":"10.26879/1262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26879/1262","url":null,"abstract":"The study of Neogene palaeoclimate supports our understanding of effects and consequences of current climate changes. However, many aspects and details of Miocene climate development are still unclear. Fossil leaves are a valuable and rich source of palaeoclimate proxy data. In this contribution, two Miocene leaf assemblages from eastern China, the Toupi flora and the Shengxian flora, were studied with respect to palaeoclimate and leaf economics. Whereas the Shengxian flora is dated to the lower Tortonian, the Toupi flora dates to approximately the border between Burdigalian and Langhian. For palaeoclimate, Climate Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program (CLAMP) was applied. In addition, Leaf Mass per Area (LM A ), an essential leaf trait strongly correlated to leaf longevity, was included and was calculated morphometri-cally. For both sites, the data indicated a principally warm and humid climate, with Mean Annual Temperature (MAT) values between 13 and 17 °C. Also, the LM A indicates evergreen vegetation for both sites, consistent with the identified fossils and palaeoclimate. For Shengxian, however, this study concludes there was a lower temperature in the cooler season. This might possibly indicate a stronger temperature seasonality for this site due to slight climate cooling and East Asian monsoon intensification from the middle to late Miocene","PeriodicalId":56100,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontologia Electronica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69148585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Teganium (Porifera, Hexactinellida) from the Middle Ordovician Castle Bank fauna of Avalonia (Wales, UK) 阿瓦洛尼亚(英国威尔士)中奥陶世城堡岸动物群中的Teganium (Porifera, Hexactinellida)

IF 2 4区地球科学

Palaeontologia Electronica Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.26879/1247

J. Botting, L. Muir, Junye Ma

引用次数: 9

Twenty-five well-justified fossil calibrations for primate divergences 灵长类动物差异的25个合理的化石校准

IF 2 4区地球科学

Palaeontologia Electronica Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.26879/1249

D. de Vries, R. Beck

{"title":"Twenty-five well-justified fossil calibrations for primate divergences","authors":"D. de Vries, R. Beck","doi":"10.26879/1249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26879/1249","url":null,"abstract":"Phylogenies with estimates of divergence times are essential for investigating many evolutionary questions. In principle, “tip-dating” is arguably the most appropriate approach, with fossil and extant taxa analysed together in a single analysis, and topology and divergence times estimated simultaneously. However, “node-dating” (as used in many molecular clock analyses), in which fossil evidence is used to calibrate the age of particular nodes a priori, will probably remain the dominant approach, due to various issues with analysing morphological and molecular data together. Here, we provide a list of 25 well-justified node calibrations for primate divergences, following best practices: 16 within Haplorhini, four within Strepsirrhini, one for crown Primates, and four for older divergences within Euarchontoglires. In each case, we provide a hard minimum bound, and for 22 of these we also provide a soft maximum bound and a suggested prior distribution. For each calibrated node, we provide the age of the oldest fossil of each daughter lineage that descends from it, which allows use of the “CladeAge” method for specifying priors on node ages. Dorien de Vries. Ecosystems and Environment Research Centre, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester, UK. (Corresponding author) d.devries@salford.ac.uk @PaleoDorien Robin M.D. Beck. Ecosystems and Environment Research Centre, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester, UK. r.m.d.beck@salford.ac.uk @robinmdbeck","PeriodicalId":56100,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontologia Electronica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69148759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Comparison of Miocene to early Pleistocene-aged Castor californicus (Rodentia: Castoridae) to extant beavers and implications for the evolution of Castor in North America 中新世至更新世早期加利福尼亚蓖麻与现存海狸的比较及其对北美洲蓖麻进化的启示

IF 2 4区地球科学

Palaeontologia Electronica Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.26879/1284

Kelly Lubbers, Joshua Samuels

{"title":"Comparison of Miocene to early Pleistocene-aged Castor californicus (Rodentia: Castoridae) to extant beavers and implications for the evolution of Castor in North America","authors":"Kelly Lubbers, Joshua Samuels","doi":"10.26879/1284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26879/1284","url":null,"abstract":"The beaver, genus Castor, is represented in North America today by Castor canadensis and in Eurasia by C. fiber. Historically, the fossil Miocene to early Pleistocene-aged North American beaver C. californicus has been considered a distinct species from C. canadensis due to its larger size. In this study, we test the hypothesis that the morphology of Miocene to early Pleistocene-aged fossils of C. californicus differs from that of the extant C. canadensis. Specimens of fossil and extant Castor were compared using 2D geometric morphometrics of skull and dentary material and linear measurements of postcranial material to analyze morphological differences between species and determine whether C. californicus fits within the range of intraspecific variation seen in C. canadensis. Results show that C. canadensis is highly variable in both skull and postcranial morphology, and C. californicus falls largely within the range of variation seen within the extant species. The morphological similarities between the two species suggest that they can be treated as ecological analogs and may represent change in a single species through time, although a rigorous evaluation of whether they are conspecific will require more data. Kelly E. Lubbers. The Mammoth Site, Hot Springs, South Dakota 57747, USA and Department of Geosciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614, USA. kellyl@mammothsite.org Joshua X. Samuels. Department of Geosciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614, USA and Don Sundquist Center of Excellence in Paleontology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, 37614, USA. samuelsjx@etsu.edu","PeriodicalId":56100,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontologia Electronica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69148959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diversity and fossil record of larvae of three groups of lacewings with unusual ecology and functional morphology: Ithonidae, Coniopterygidae and Sisyridae 三种生态和功能形态不同的草蛉科、刺翅科和茜草蛉科的多样性和幼虫化石记录

IF 2 4区地球科学

Palaeontologia Electronica Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.26879/1212

J. Haug, S. van der Wal, C. Gröhn, C. Hoffeins, H. Hoffeins, C. Haug

引用次数: 8

A fragmentary leptonectid ichthyosaurian from the lower Pliensbachian of Luxembourg 来自卢森堡普林恩巴哈河下游的一片断瘦素鱼龙

IF 2 4区地球科学

Palaeontologia Electronica Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.26879/1205

V. Fischer, Antoine Laboury, Kamil Bernacki, Laurent Garbay, Y. Gillen, Charel Rollinger, Anjin Thill, R. Weis, B. Thuy

{"title":"A fragmentary leptonectid ichthyosaurian from the lower Pliensbachian of Luxembourg","authors":"V. Fischer, Antoine Laboury, Kamil Bernacki, Laurent Garbay, Y. Gillen, Charel Rollinger, Anjin Thill, R. Weis, B. Thuy","doi":"10.26879/1205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26879/1205","url":null,"abstract":"Despite abundant fossils, the quality of the fossil record of Early Jurassic marine reptiles strongly fluctuates with time and space. Pliensbachian strata have yielded very few marine reptile remains, especially outside of England, obscuring the evolution of marine reptiles during the middle part of the Early Jurassic. We report a new Pliensbachian locality from Luxembourg that contains abundant marine fauna and ichthyosaurian remains likely representing a single individual, composed of a partial snout, a possible surangular, two centra, and several ribs and gastralia. Ammonites and belemnites place this locality within the Valdani-Luridum Ammonite subzones of the Ibex Ammonite Zone, lower Pliensbachian. We assign the new ichthyosaur specimen to the clade Leptonectidae, using a combination of features from the snout and teeth. This specimen indicates that large neoichthyosaurians were present in multiple places of the European archipelago in all stages of the Early Jurassic and suggests that the ichthyosaurian faunae of western Europe remained essentially similar across the Sinemu-rian–Pliensbachian interval.","PeriodicalId":56100,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontologia Electronica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69148274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A Miocene cetacean vertebra showing a partially healed longitudinal shear-compression fracture, possibly the result of domoic acid toxicity or failed predation 中新世鲸目脊椎显示部分愈合的纵向剪切压缩骨折，可能是软骨藻酸毒性或捕食失败的结果

IF 2 4区地球科学

Palaeontologia Electronica Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.26879/1171

S. Godfrey, B. Beatty

{"title":"A Miocene cetacean vertebra showing a partially healed longitudinal shear-compression fracture, possibly the result of domoic acid toxicity or failed predation","authors":"S. Godfrey, B. Beatty","doi":"10.26879/1171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26879/1171","url":null,"abstract":"CT-scans of a cetacean pathological vertebra from the Calvert Formation of the Miocene Chesapeake Group of Maryland, show features characteristic of a shear-com-pression fracture with comminution and significant periosteal reaction. The etiology of the injury suggests an intense hyperflexion of vertebrae in at least the lumbar region of the axial column. The trauma was sufficiently forceful to break much of the lower two-fifths of the centrum away from the anterior end of the body of the vertebra. However, the trauma was not immediately fatal as significant fusion of fragmented elements was well underway at the time of death. Much of the lateral and ventral surfaces of the centrum are covered with a thick layer of periosteal reactive bone. This reactive periosteal bone growth could be due to spondyloarthritis, infection, or from the traumatic event itself, if the direct muscle attachments on the vertebra were avulsed. A single megatoothed shark tooth from Otodus megalodon was found with the vertebra. It is not known if the tooth came to be there serendipitously, or if it was associated predatory shark or macroraptorial physeteroid. In spite of extant cetaceans being subjected to anthropogenically-induced trauma, which include vessel-strike blunt force injuries of many different kinds, shear-compression fractures and periosteal reactions like the ones detailed here have not yet been reported in extant cetaceans. Therefore, we consider the fracture as likely due to an impact from a predator, such as Otodus megalodon , or possibly from seizures due to a harmful algal bloom and resulting domoic acid toxicity. In either scenario, the cetacean survived.","PeriodicalId":56100,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontologia Electronica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69147715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Symbiosis in corals and stromatoporoids from the Silurian of Baltica Baltica志留纪珊瑚和层孔虫的共生

IF 2 4区地球科学

Palaeontologia Electronica Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.26879/1206

T. Borisenko, O. Vinn, V. Grytsenko, I. Francovschi, Y. Zaika

{"title":"Symbiosis in corals and stromatoporoids from the Silurian of Baltica","authors":"T. Borisenko, O. Vinn, V. Grytsenko, I. Francovschi, Y. Zaika","doi":"10.26879/1206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26879/1206","url":null,"abstract":"The large collection of thin sections of stromatoporoids and corals from the Silurian of Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus, and Komi Republic (Russian Federation) revealed several incidences of skeletal intergrowth between stromatoporoids/ corals and the other invertebrates. The stromatoporoids formed symbiotic associations with soft-bodied worms (Helicosalpinx and Chaetosalpinx), calcareous tentaculitoid tubeworms (microconchids, Cornulites, Conchicolites), and rugosans. Tabulate corals formed symbiotic associations with cornulitids. The studied stromatoporoid based associations are dominated by bioclaustrations of worms without mineral skeletons. Most likely non-mineralized invertebrates benefitted more from endobiotic life mode than invertebrates with mineralized skeletons as the latter already had protection on their own against predators. There was almost no difference in the number of symbiont taxa per host stromatoporoid species indicating that all studied stromatoporoids were rather similar in their tolerance towards different endobionts. Tamara Borisenko. Geological Survey of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine. tamaraborisenko2@gmail.com Olev Vinn. University of Tartu, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia. olev.vinn@ut.ee Volodymyr Grytsenko. National Natural History Museum NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine. favosites@ukr.net Ion Francovschi. University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, Bucharest, Romania, and Institute of Geology and Seismology, Chișinău, Republic of Moldova. frankovski.ww@gmail.com Yury Zaika. Unitary Enterprise “Geoservice”, Maura 53, 220015, Minsk, Belarus. yu_z@tut.by","PeriodicalId":56100,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontologia Electronica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69147815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cells and soft tissues in fossil bone: A review of preservation mechanisms, with corrections of misconceptions 骨化石中的细胞和软组织:保存机制综述，并纠正误解

IF 2 4区地球科学

Palaeontologia Electronica Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.26879/1248

P. Senter

{"title":"Cells and soft tissues in fossil bone: A review of preservation mechanisms, with corrections of misconceptions","authors":"P. Senter","doi":"10.26879/1248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26879/1248","url":null,"abstract":"In the most recent three decades, there has been an outpouring of research on the preservation of cells and soft tissues within fossil bones. Cells and soft tissues that are documented to have been preserved in fossil bones include osteocytes, chondrocytes, blood vessels, nerve fibers, nerves, and the sheets of collagen in bone matrix. Recent studies identify Fenton reactions as a plausible preservation mechanism for cells and soft tissues within bones, document the chemical signatures of Fenton reactions in the cells and soft tissues of fossil bones, and indicate that such preservation occurs early in diagenesis and is facilitated by oxidizing depositional environments and by protection via external concretions and other factors. Additionally, recent advances in the study of archaeological bone have identified a suite of factors that enable a bone and its cellular and soft tissue contents to survive into the fossil record. Despite these advances, two unfortunate situations persist. One is that there is little connection between the literature on archaeological bone and the literature on fossil bone. The other is that the literature of science voices numerous misconceptions regarding the preservation of cells and soft tissues in fossil bones, many of which are rooted in young-Earth creationist (YEC) opposition to the hypothesized role of Fenton reactions. To alleviate these problems, this review corrects misconceptions and links studies of archaeological bone to studies of fossil bone, to elucidate the mechanisms by which cells and soft tissues are preserved in bones for hundreds, then thousands, then millions of years. Philip J. Senter. Department of Biological and Forensic Sciences, Fayetteville State University, 1200 Murchison Road, Fayetteville, North Carolina 28301, U.S.A, psenter@uncfsu.edu","PeriodicalId":56100,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontologia Electronica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69148716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The rostral neurovascular system of Tyrannosaurus rex 霸王龙的嘴侧神经血管系统

IF 2 4区地球科学

Palaeontologia Electronica Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.26879/1178

Florian Bouabdellah, Emily J Lessner, J. Benoit

{"title":"The rostral neurovascular system of Tyrannosaurus rex","authors":"Florian Bouabdellah, Emily J Lessner, J. Benoit","doi":"10.26879/1178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26879/1178","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the rostral neurovascular system using CT scanning has shed new light on phylogenetic and palaeobiological reconstructions of many extinct tetrapods. This research shows a detailed description of the rostral neurovascular canals of Tyrannosaurus rex including the nasal, maxillary (dorsal alveolar), and mandibular (ventral alveolar) canals. Extensive comparisons with published descriptions show that the pattern of these canals in Tyrannosaurus is not unusual for a non-avian theropod. As in the non-avian theropod Neovenator, the maxillary canal shows several anastomoses of its branches. Differences from the plesiomorphic sauropsid condition are concentrated within the canal for the maxillary neurovasculature, which is primitively horizontal, tubular, and connected to a single row of supralabial foramina, whereas in Tyrannosaurus the main trunk of the canal is oriented more obliquely and dorsally displaced to give room to the deep tooth alveolae. As a result, the lateral branches that provide innervation and blood supply to the skin are dorsoventrally elongated compared to non-theropod taxa, and multiple rows of supralabial foramina are present. An overview of the literature suggests that the evolution of the trigeminal canals among sauropsids only weakly supports previous hypotheses of crocodile-like facial sensitivity in non-avian theropods (except, maybe, in semiaquatic taxa). More systematic studies of the rostral neurovascular canals in non-avian theropods may help answer the question of whether lips were present or not. Florian Bouabdellah. Universities of Poitiers, 15 Rue de l'Hôtel Dieu, TSA 71117, 86000 Poitiers, France. florian.bouabdellah@hotmail.com Emily Lessner. University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. ejlessner@mail.missouri.edu Julien Benoit. Evolutionary Studies Institute and School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa, julien.benoit@wits.ac.za","PeriodicalId":56100,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontologia Electronica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69147996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7