Palaeontologia Electronica最新文献_第4页

A fragmentary leptonectid ichthyosaurian from the lower Pliensbachian of Luxembourg 来自卢森堡普林恩巴哈河下游的一片断瘦素鱼龙

IF 2 4区地球科学

Palaeontologia Electronica Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.26879/1205

V. Fischer, Antoine Laboury, Kamil Bernacki, Laurent Garbay, Y. Gillen, Charel Rollinger, Anjin Thill, R. Weis, B. Thuy

{"title":"A fragmentary leptonectid ichthyosaurian from the lower Pliensbachian of Luxembourg","authors":"V. Fischer, Antoine Laboury, Kamil Bernacki, Laurent Garbay, Y. Gillen, Charel Rollinger, Anjin Thill, R. Weis, B. Thuy","doi":"10.26879/1205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26879/1205","url":null,"abstract":"Despite abundant fossils, the quality of the fossil record of Early Jurassic marine reptiles strongly fluctuates with time and space. Pliensbachian strata have yielded very few marine reptile remains, especially outside of England, obscuring the evolution of marine reptiles during the middle part of the Early Jurassic. We report a new Pliensbachian locality from Luxembourg that contains abundant marine fauna and ichthyosaurian remains likely representing a single individual, composed of a partial snout, a possible surangular, two centra, and several ribs and gastralia. Ammonites and belemnites place this locality within the Valdani-Luridum Ammonite subzones of the Ibex Ammonite Zone, lower Pliensbachian. We assign the new ichthyosaur specimen to the clade Leptonectidae, using a combination of features from the snout and teeth. This specimen indicates that large neoichthyosaurians were present in multiple places of the European archipelago in all stages of the Early Jurassic and suggests that the ichthyosaurian faunae of western Europe remained essentially similar across the Sinemu-rian–Pliensbachian interval.","PeriodicalId":56100,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontologia Electronica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69148274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A Miocene cetacean vertebra showing a partially healed longitudinal shear-compression fracture, possibly the result of domoic acid toxicity or failed predation 中新世鲸目脊椎显示部分愈合的纵向剪切压缩骨折，可能是软骨藻酸毒性或捕食失败的结果

IF 2 4区地球科学

Palaeontologia Electronica Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.26879/1171

S. Godfrey, B. Beatty

{"title":"A Miocene cetacean vertebra showing a partially healed longitudinal shear-compression fracture, possibly the result of domoic acid toxicity or failed predation","authors":"S. Godfrey, B. Beatty","doi":"10.26879/1171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26879/1171","url":null,"abstract":"CT-scans of a cetacean pathological vertebra from the Calvert Formation of the Miocene Chesapeake Group of Maryland, show features characteristic of a shear-com-pression fracture with comminution and significant periosteal reaction. The etiology of the injury suggests an intense hyperflexion of vertebrae in at least the lumbar region of the axial column. The trauma was sufficiently forceful to break much of the lower two-fifths of the centrum away from the anterior end of the body of the vertebra. However, the trauma was not immediately fatal as significant fusion of fragmented elements was well underway at the time of death. Much of the lateral and ventral surfaces of the centrum are covered with a thick layer of periosteal reactive bone. This reactive periosteal bone growth could be due to spondyloarthritis, infection, or from the traumatic event itself, if the direct muscle attachments on the vertebra were avulsed. A single megatoothed shark tooth from Otodus megalodon was found with the vertebra. It is not known if the tooth came to be there serendipitously, or if it was associated predatory shark or macroraptorial physeteroid. In spite of extant cetaceans being subjected to anthropogenically-induced trauma, which include vessel-strike blunt force injuries of many different kinds, shear-compression fractures and periosteal reactions like the ones detailed here have not yet been reported in extant cetaceans. Therefore, we consider the fracture as likely due to an impact from a predator, such as Otodus megalodon , or possibly from seizures due to a harmful algal bloom and resulting domoic acid toxicity. In either scenario, the cetacean survived.","PeriodicalId":56100,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontologia Electronica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69147715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Symbiosis in corals and stromatoporoids from the Silurian of Baltica Baltica志留纪珊瑚和层孔虫的共生

IF 2 4区地球科学

Palaeontologia Electronica Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.26879/1206

T. Borisenko, O. Vinn, V. Grytsenko, I. Francovschi, Y. Zaika

{"title":"Symbiosis in corals and stromatoporoids from the Silurian of Baltica","authors":"T. Borisenko, O. Vinn, V. Grytsenko, I. Francovschi, Y. Zaika","doi":"10.26879/1206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26879/1206","url":null,"abstract":"The large collection of thin sections of stromatoporoids and corals from the Silurian of Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus, and Komi Republic (Russian Federation) revealed several incidences of skeletal intergrowth between stromatoporoids/ corals and the other invertebrates. The stromatoporoids formed symbiotic associations with soft-bodied worms (Helicosalpinx and Chaetosalpinx), calcareous tentaculitoid tubeworms (microconchids, Cornulites, Conchicolites), and rugosans. Tabulate corals formed symbiotic associations with cornulitids. The studied stromatoporoid based associations are dominated by bioclaustrations of worms without mineral skeletons. Most likely non-mineralized invertebrates benefitted more from endobiotic life mode than invertebrates with mineralized skeletons as the latter already had protection on their own against predators. There was almost no difference in the number of symbiont taxa per host stromatoporoid species indicating that all studied stromatoporoids were rather similar in their tolerance towards different endobionts. Tamara Borisenko. Geological Survey of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine. tamaraborisenko2@gmail.com Olev Vinn. University of Tartu, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia. olev.vinn@ut.ee Volodymyr Grytsenko. National Natural History Museum NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine. favosites@ukr.net Ion Francovschi. University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, Bucharest, Romania, and Institute of Geology and Seismology, Chișinău, Republic of Moldova. frankovski.ww@gmail.com Yury Zaika. Unitary Enterprise “Geoservice”, Maura 53, 220015, Minsk, Belarus. yu_z@tut.by","PeriodicalId":56100,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontologia Electronica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69147815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cells and soft tissues in fossil bone: A review of preservation mechanisms, with corrections of misconceptions 骨化石中的细胞和软组织:保存机制综述，并纠正误解

IF 2 4区地球科学

Palaeontologia Electronica Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.26879/1248

P. Senter

{"title":"Cells and soft tissues in fossil bone: A review of preservation mechanisms, with corrections of misconceptions","authors":"P. Senter","doi":"10.26879/1248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26879/1248","url":null,"abstract":"In the most recent three decades, there has been an outpouring of research on the preservation of cells and soft tissues within fossil bones. Cells and soft tissues that are documented to have been preserved in fossil bones include osteocytes, chondrocytes, blood vessels, nerve fibers, nerves, and the sheets of collagen in bone matrix. Recent studies identify Fenton reactions as a plausible preservation mechanism for cells and soft tissues within bones, document the chemical signatures of Fenton reactions in the cells and soft tissues of fossil bones, and indicate that such preservation occurs early in diagenesis and is facilitated by oxidizing depositional environments and by protection via external concretions and other factors. Additionally, recent advances in the study of archaeological bone have identified a suite of factors that enable a bone and its cellular and soft tissue contents to survive into the fossil record. Despite these advances, two unfortunate situations persist. One is that there is little connection between the literature on archaeological bone and the literature on fossil bone. The other is that the literature of science voices numerous misconceptions regarding the preservation of cells and soft tissues in fossil bones, many of which are rooted in young-Earth creationist (YEC) opposition to the hypothesized role of Fenton reactions. To alleviate these problems, this review corrects misconceptions and links studies of archaeological bone to studies of fossil bone, to elucidate the mechanisms by which cells and soft tissues are preserved in bones for hundreds, then thousands, then millions of years. Philip J. Senter. Department of Biological and Forensic Sciences, Fayetteville State University, 1200 Murchison Road, Fayetteville, North Carolina 28301, U.S.A, psenter@uncfsu.edu","PeriodicalId":56100,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontologia Electronica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69148716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Amphibians and squamate reptiles from the late Miocene of Fălciu (Eastern Romania) 中新世晚期腓利丘(罗马尼亚东部)的两栖动物和有鳞爬行动物

IF 2 4区地球科学

Palaeontologia Electronica Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.26879/1156

V. Codrea, Marian Bordeianu, M. Venczel

引用次数: 1

Chuandianella ovata: An early Cambrian stem euarthropod with feather-like appendages 卵川蝶:寒武纪早期的茎真节肢动物，有羽毛状附属物

IF 2 4区地球科学

Palaeontologia Electronica Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.26879/1172

Dayou Zhai, Mark Williams, D. Siveter, D. Siveter, T. Harvey, Robert S. Sansom, Huijuan Mai, Run-Bang Zhou, X. Hou

引用次数: 1

Diptera of the Middle Eocene Kishenehn Formation II 中始新世Kishenehn组双翅目2

IF 2 4区地球科学

Palaeontologia Electronica Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.26879/1215

D. Greenwalt, D. Amorim, M. Hauser, P. Kerr, Scott M. Fitzgerald, S. Winterton, J. Cumming, N. Evenhuis, B. Sinclair

引用次数: 2

Pygocephalomorphan crustaceans further emphasise the similarities between the Carboniferous Piesberg quarry in Germany and the Mazon Creek Lagerstätte in North America Pygocephalomorphan甲壳类动物进一步强调了德国石炭纪Piesberg采石场与北美Mazon Creek Lagerstätte之间的相似性

IF 2 4区地球科学

Palaeontologia Electronica Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.26879/1051

P. Pazinato, C. Haug, A. Leipner, J. Haug

引用次数: 1

Putative Ordovician green alga Krejciella reinterpreted as enteropneust hemichordate tube (Czech Republic) 假定的奥陶纪绿藻Krejciella被重新解释为enteropneust half - hordate tube(捷克)

IF 2 4区地球科学

Palaeontologia Electronica Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.26879/1185

O. Fatka, J. Vodička

{"title":"Putative Ordovician green alga Krejciella reinterpreted as enteropneust hemichordate tube (Czech Republic)","authors":"O. Fatka, J. Vodička","doi":"10.26879/1185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26879/1185","url":null,"abstract":"Fossil and extant representatives of Enteropneusta play an important role in the interpretation of early evolution of animals, such as echinoderms, hemichordates and chordates. However, remains of fossil Enteropneusta are rare. Re-examination of available specimens of organic tubes of the Ordovician putative green alga Krejciella putzkeri Obrhel 1968 does not show any morphological difference from the Cambrian Margaretia dorus Walcott, 1931. The latter species has been recently interpreted as an organic tube produced and inhabited by the worm-like enteropneust hemichordate Oesia disjuncta Walcott, 1911. However, the absence of the subterranean lateral extension in Ordovician specimens excludes the synonymy of Krejciella and Margaretia . Geographic distribution of Cambrian organic tubes classified as Margaretia Walcott, 1931 indicates a possible latitudinal control, as all occurrences are apparently restricted to tropical and subtropical belts when plotted in Cambrian palaeogeographic maps. In comparison, the occurrence of the herein studied specimens of Krejciella is restricted to cold-water localities of West Gondwana. The micropalaeontological analy-sis of a rock sample bearing one specimen of Krejciella shows the presence of moder-ately preserved chitinozoans, including the zonal species Linochitina pissotensis . This taxon is, for the first time, documented from the Prague Basin and determines the Mid-dle/Late Ordovician boundary interval of the analysed sample. The herein studied specimens of Krejciella extend the record of organic tubes produced by enteropneust hemichordates both stratigraphically and palaeogeographically to the Middle/Late Ordovician cold-water area.","PeriodicalId":56100,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontologia Electronica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69148015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Designing scientifically-grounded paleoart for augmented reality at La Brea Tar Pits 在拉布雷亚沥青坑为增强现实设计科学基础的古艺术

IF 2 4区地球科学

Palaeontologia Electronica Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.26879/1191

Matthew M. Davis, Benjamin D. Nye, G. Sinatra, W. Swartout, Molly Sjӧberg, Molly A. Porter, David Nelson, Alana A. U. Kennedy, Imogen Herrick, Danaan DeNeve Weeks, Emily Lindsey

{"title":"Designing scientifically-grounded paleoart for augmented reality at La Brea Tar Pits","authors":"Matthew M. Davis, Benjamin D. Nye, G. Sinatra, W. Swartout, Molly Sjӧberg, Molly A. Porter, David Nelson, Alana A. U. Kennedy, Imogen Herrick, Danaan DeNeve Weeks, Emily Lindsey","doi":"10.26879/1191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26879/1191","url":null,"abstract":"Paleoart is an important medium that communicates scientific understanding about prehistoric life to both the public and researchers. However, despite its broad influence, the scientific and aesthetic decisions that go into paleoart are rarely described in formal academic literature or subjected to peer review. This is unfortunate, as paleoart can easily create and perpetuate misconceptions that are carried through generations of iterative popular media. As an example of what we hope will become a standard article type in paleontological journals, we describe the process and latest scientific research used to develop 13 new paleoart reconstructions of Ice Age animals found in the La Brea Tar Pits, including the saber-toothed cat, dire wolf, and teratorn. We adopted a stylized low polygon aesthetic for these three-dimensional (3D), animated virtual models both to support learning objectives and to optimize performance for smartphone based augmented reality (AR) experiences. We encourage all researchers to follow the example of this article by publishing paleoart descriptions for any major new work that, at a minimum, reference the aesthetic and scientific reasoning behind general posture and proportions, gross appearance of soft tissues, coloration, and behavior.","PeriodicalId":56100,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontologia Electronica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69148129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2