中新世鲸目脊椎显示部分愈合的纵向剪切压缩骨折,可能是软骨藻酸毒性或捕食失败的结果

IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences
S. Godfrey, B. Beatty
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引用次数: 0

摘要

来自马里兰州中新世切萨皮克群卡尔弗特组的鲸类病理椎体的ct扫描显示,剪切压缩骨折具有粉碎和明显的骨膜反应的特征。损伤的病因提示至少在腰椎轴柱的腰椎区域有强烈的椎体过度屈曲。创伤的强度足以使椎体前部的下五分之二的椎体断裂。然而,创伤并不是立即致命的,因为在死亡时,碎片元素的显著融合正在进行中。椎体外侧和腹侧的大部分表面覆盖着一层厚厚的骨膜反应性骨。这种反应性骨膜骨生长可能是由于脊柱炎、感染或创伤事件本身,如果椎骨上的直接肌肉附着被撕脱。在椎骨上发现了一颗来自巨齿耳鲨的巨齿鲨牙齿。目前尚不清楚这颗牙齿是偶然出现的,还是与掠食性鲨鱼或巨噬类物理类动物有关。尽管现存的鲸类动物受到人为诱发的创伤,包括许多不同种类的血管撞击钝力损伤,但在现存的鲸类动物中,还没有报道过像这里详述的那样的剪切压缩骨折和骨膜反应。因此,我们认为骨折可能是由于捕食者的撞击,例如巨齿耳鲨,或者可能是由于有害的藻华和软骨藻酸中毒引起的癫痫发作。无论哪种情况,鲸类动物都活了下来。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A Miocene cetacean vertebra showing a partially healed longitudinal shear-compression fracture, possibly the result of domoic acid toxicity or failed predation
CT-scans of a cetacean pathological vertebra from the Calvert Formation of the Miocene Chesapeake Group of Maryland, show features characteristic of a shear-com-pression fracture with comminution and significant periosteal reaction. The etiology of the injury suggests an intense hyperflexion of vertebrae in at least the lumbar region of the axial column. The trauma was sufficiently forceful to break much of the lower two-fifths of the centrum away from the anterior end of the body of the vertebra. However, the trauma was not immediately fatal as significant fusion of fragmented elements was well underway at the time of death. Much of the lateral and ventral surfaces of the centrum are covered with a thick layer of periosteal reactive bone. This reactive periosteal bone growth could be due to spondyloarthritis, infection, or from the traumatic event itself, if the direct muscle attachments on the vertebra were avulsed. A single megatoothed shark tooth from Otodus megalodon was found with the vertebra. It is not known if the tooth came to be there serendipitously, or if it was associated predatory shark or macroraptorial physeteroid. In spite of extant cetaceans being subjected to anthropogenically-induced trauma, which include vessel-strike blunt force injuries of many different kinds, shear-compression fractures and periosteal reactions like the ones detailed here have not yet been reported in extant cetaceans. Therefore, we consider the fracture as likely due to an impact from a predator, such as Otodus megalodon , or possibly from seizures due to a harmful algal bloom and resulting domoic acid toxicity. In either scenario, the cetacean survived.
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来源期刊
Palaeontologia Electronica
Palaeontologia Electronica 地学-古生物学
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
20
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Founded in 1997, Palaeontologia Electronica (PE) is the longest running open-access, peer-reviewed electronic journal and covers all aspects of palaeontology. PE uses an external double-blind peer review system for all manuscripts. Copyright of scientific papers is held by one of the three sponsoring professional societies at the author''s choice. Reviews, commentaries, and other material is placed in the public domain. PE papers comply with regulations for taxonomic nomenclature established in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants.
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