Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics最新文献

{"title":"Phylogeography of the Euro-Siberian steppe plant Astragalus austriacus: Late Pleistocene climate fluctuations fuelled formation and expansion of two main lineages from a Pontic-Pannonian area of origin","authors":"Clemens Maylandt ,&nbsp;Anna Seidl ,&nbsp;Philipp Kirschner ,&nbsp;Simon Pfanzelt ,&nbsp;Gergely Király ,&nbsp;Barbara Neuffer ,&nbsp;Frank R. Blattner ,&nbsp;Herbert Hurka ,&nbsp;Nikolai Friesen ,&nbsp;Alexander V. Poluyanov ,&nbsp;Petr A. Kosachev ,&nbsp;Corinna Schmiderer ,&nbsp;Karl-Georg Bernhardt ,&nbsp;Karin Tremetsberger","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Euro-Siberian steppes have experienced large-scale range fluctuations due to the climatic changes of the Pleistocene that may have also fuelled reshuffling of past steppe vegetation. These species-rich steppe grasslands were much more widespread during glacials and contracted during interglacials, a dynamic which should also be reflected by the evolutionary history of their biota. <em>Astragalus austriacus</em> is a widespread steppe species with European-western Siberian distribution and an ideal model to study the florogenesis of the Euro-Siberian steppes. Here, we inferred the phylogeography of <em>A. austriacus</em> based on genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) data from populations sampled from the western edge of the Pannonian region across the Pontic region to the western Siberian region. Additionally, we applied molecular dating using single gene sequence data (<em>ycf</em>1, <em>mat</em>K and ITS). We outline an evolutionary scenario in which intraspecific diversification occurred in the eastern part of Europe during the later Pleistocene (0.48–0.24 Ma). From there, the species expanded both eastwards and westwards, likely during a cold period, which is reflected by two main lineages within <em>A. austriacus</em> that today occur in the Pannonian sensu lato and in the Pontic/south-western Siberian regions, respectively. Demographic modelling supported such a scenario and showed that population sizes were larger during the last cold stage and contracted postglacially. Within the Pannonian sensu lato region, strong substructure was detected, likely as a result of repeated disintegration of the continuous cold-stage steppes in Europe. Finally, our results are in line with evolutionary scenarios suggested for other steppe species such as <em>Adonis vernalis</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 125800"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1433831924000234/pdfft?md5=469947343b3c1f3242270a6c45122f45&pid=1-s2.0-S1433831924000234-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141422668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidimensional trait space outlines the effects of changes in abiotic filtering on aquatic plant community from sub-Antarctic ponds","authors":"Pauline Douce ,&nbsp;Pauline Eymar-Dauphin ,&nbsp;Hugo Saiz ,&nbsp;David Renault ,&nbsp;Florian Mermillod-Blondin ,&nbsp;Laurent Simon ,&nbsp;Félix Vallier ,&nbsp;Anne-Kristel Bittebiere","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the current context of climate changes, which causes strong habitat variation, an understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant community dynamics is crucial to predict species fates. The taking of inter- and intraspecific trait variability into account would aid the identification of these mechanisms. Recently, a method involving the calculation of hypervolumes (<em>n</em>-dimensional spaces of trait values) was developed for the study of plant responses to their environments. Through hypervolume comparison, we examined the effects of interannual variations in abiotic conditions on aquatic plant communities in ponds of the sub-Antarctic Iles Kerguelen. This model system is particularly relevant for the examination of the consequences of climate changes–related habitat variation, as aquatic plant communities are adapted to cold and overall stable habitat conditions and the sub-Antarctic climate is changing rapidly. We conducted field sampling over four years at three sites. For all aquatic species, we measured five foliar, shoot, and clonal traits characterizing individual growth strategies that are likely to respond to variations in abiotic conditions on 1565 ramets over the four years. We measured 10 abiotic variables to characterize the plants’ habitats every three months during the survey period. Hypervolumes were calculated for each site and year to assess variation in aquatic plant strategies at the community level. We demonstrated (i) the importance of spatiotemporal gradients of trophic status, temperature, and pH and dissolved oxygen concentration for the functional structure of aquatic plant communities; (ii) that the shape of the mean response was trait dependent, with traits related to plant metabolism (specific leaf area and specific internode mass) and three-dimensional space exploration (height and internode length) responding to the three spatiotemporal abiotic gradients; (iii) that selection pressures were especially high on aerial traits relative to clonal traits; and (iv) that given the community response to interannual variations of abiotic conditions, environmental changes should impact macrophyte community productivity. <em>Synthesis</em>. We conclude that the examination of interannual abiotic variation over four years is sufficient to detect rapid responses of macrophyte communities, with likely reliance on phenotypic plasticity. Our findings may inform the characterization of future functional changes in aquatic plant communities of the sub-Antarctic region, where similar species are found.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 125798"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1433831924000210/pdfft?md5=395c25ee2f51d0ba871a3e90a14a18f1&pid=1-s2.0-S1433831924000210-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141486832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable harvest of a threatened medicinal herb: Empirical evidence for spatially and temporally specific management of Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora","authors":"Mukti Ram Poudeyal ,&nbsp;Henrik Meilby ,&nbsp;Robbie Hart ,&nbsp;Suresh Kumar Ghimire","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although over-exploitation and habitat loss limit sustainable management, medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) are essential for traditional health practices and as a source of cash income for rural communities around the world. In contrast to a general assumption that harvest negatively affects resource abundance, local knowledge and detailed empirical observations have shown that for some species, some harvest methods maintain or increase abundance. However, many management plans for wild-harvested MAPs lack empirical data on post-harvest recovery of density as well as key demographic measures such as fruit-setting and seed formation. To deepen our understanding of these important social-ecological dynamics across taxa, as well as to offer in-depth empirical data on a key economically important and threatened MAP, we applied controlled simulated-harvest field experiments to <em>Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora</em> in eight populations along an elevation gradient (3800–4700 m) in the Nepal Himalayas, including four populations in a restricted-access site and four in an open-access site in north-central and north-western Nepal. Each site with a different conservation regime exhibits distinctive ecological circumstances that enable assessing how environmental factors and the level of exploitation influence the characteristics of the plant populations. We hypothesized that not all levels of harvest would be harmful, and that restoration capacity would permit a sustainable level of harvest, subject to both social and ecological pressures (access and elevation). Experimental harvest treatments included removing 0 % (control), 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, and 100 % of the ramets from the experimental plots. We applied a mixed-effects model for repeated measures ANCOVA to determine if harvest treatments appeared to exert influence on each of the response variables at each site. Density and reproductive output varied significantly among the harvest treatments and covaried with the pre-harvest condition. At low elevations in the restricted-access site, both density and reproductive output recovered within three years after harvest of 50 % of the ramets, and within a single year after a 25 % harvest. To some extent, strong budding potential and re-sprouting from the old rhizomes compensated for negative harvest impacts. However, in the open-access site, recovery to the pre-harvest level was achieved only for a 25 % treatment after one year. Harvest recovery was slower at higher elevations (&gt;4250 m), and plots harvested more intensively (&gt;50 % extraction) recovered very slowly. Our results indicate that spatially and temporally specific harvesting strategies can be used to manage populations sustainably, supporting both wild plant populations and human livelihoods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 125799"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141325303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development on the rocks: Integrating molecular biology and the fossil record to reconstruct the evolution of leaf development","authors":"Alexandru M.F. Tomescu ,&nbsp;Christopher Whitewoods","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Leaves, encountered in the majority of modern tracheophytes, evolved multiple times independently in several lineages. We define leaves as lateral appendages that share a common set of characters: vascularization, determinacy, regular arrangement, bilateral symmetry and, in most cases, adaxial-abaxial (dorsiventral) polarity. In this review we integrate data from developmental genetics and the fossil record to understand how the molecular and cellular mechanisms of leaf development evolved. We show that lycopsid leaves likely evolved once, and earlier, than euphyllophyte leaves, and that euphyllophyte leaves all evolved from lateral branching systems that were produced at regular intervals around the stem. We also show that the mosaic pattern of distribution and tempo of evolution of leaf-defining features (such as bilateral symmetry and dorsiventral polarity) among the different lineages suggests that these features evolved independently. Overall, at the level of the entire tracheophyte clade, integration of developmental, regulatory and fossil data reveals three overarching patterns: (1) the different leaf characters evolved independently throughout tracheophyte phylogeny and their regulatory pathways were assembled independently, only to become tightly integrated with each other later in the evolution of different lineages; (2) bilateral symmetry is a distinct and evolutionarily independent leaf feature from dorsiventral polarity; (3) regular arrangement is the most plesiomorphic and earliest-evolving leaf-defining feature across tracheophytes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 125797"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141325302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional ecology and evolution of terrestrial and epiphytic species of Rhododendron section Schistanthe (Ericaceae)","authors":"Gulzar Khan ,&nbsp;Hartwig Schepker ,&nbsp;Niklas Buhk ,&nbsp;Christoph Hahn ,&nbsp;Dirk C. Albach ,&nbsp;Gerhard Zotz","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Epiphytes are often characterized by small size, specifically adapted to a relatively dry and nutrient-poor habitat. However, this epiphyte syndrome is derived from studies on species-rich and habitat-dominating groups such as orchids and bromeliads. To better understand general trait syndromes of epiphytes, it is important to analyze plant groups that are more transitional in the evolution of epiphytism e.g., the Australasian vireyas (<em>Rhododendron</em> sect. <em>Schistanthe</em>; Ericaceae). Here, we studied the morphology, ecophysiology, and anatomy of 44 species of <em>Rhododendron</em> section <em>Schistanthe</em> from living collections and obtained data for 288 species related to their \"life form\" (holoepiphytes [= obligatory epiphytes], facultative epiphytes and terrestrial congeners) from the literature. For phylogeny and time-calibrated tree, we used the nuclear ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacers) region. Using different statistics and phylogenetic comparative methods, our results support the hypothesis that holoepiphytic vireyas are smaller in size than the terrestrial ones. Terrestrial vireyas are found at higher minimum and maximum elevation than either facultative or holoepiphytic congeners. We demonstrate that the diversification of tropical <em>Rhododendron</em> is not related to the evolution of the epiphytic life form. Regarding the evolution of traits that are important for water economy, holoepiphytic vireyas do not differ much from their terrestrial relatives indicating that evolutionary steps for specialization towards an holoepiphytic habit are in their initial stages in <em>Rhododendron</em>. Given the large species diversity of the group conclusions based on the subset used here must be considered preliminary. However, our results provide the basis for more detailed future studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 125796"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1433831924000192/pdfft?md5=d5dfa284232de0764458df5b059aa49c&pid=1-s2.0-S1433831924000192-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140813365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental filtering of regeneration patterns in a forest dynamic mosaic in south-central Chile","authors":"Christopher H. Lusk ,&nbsp;Susana Paula ,&nbsp;Daniel C. Laughlin ,&nbsp;Rocio Fritz ,&nbsp;Luisa Parra-Darmendrail","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A trade-off between growth in high light and survival under shade is widely regarded as the main driver of secondary succession in humid forests. Outside the humid tropics, however, the microclimates of large openings may select for traits other than those that maximize growth rates. We tested for differential filtering of sapling functional traits by four different microenvironments in a south-temperate forest in south-central Chile. We measured light, temperatures, humidity, soil nutrients and sapling densities in each of four phases of a forest dynamic mosaic: shaded understoreys, tree-fall gaps, <em>Chusquea</em> bamboo thickets, and clearings. We then measured leaf, wood and reproductive traits, as potential predictors of species’ regeneration patterns. Clearings were exposed to more than twice as many frost days as any other forest phase, and to much larger vapour pressure deficits in summer. Clearings were compositionally distinct from the other three phases, which were indistinguishable from each other. Saplings of 6 out of 20 common arborescent species were significantly associated with one or other of the four phases. These associations were best predicted by a three-trait model combining seed mass, leaf dry matter content, and % winter leaf retention; though this model explained only 10% of observed variation. No species was significantly associated with bamboo thickets. Community-weighted trait means showed that large seeds were the most distinctive trait of understorey plots, whereas bamboo thicket plots had the highest average wood density, and winter leaf retention was significantly lower in clearings than in any other forest phase. Despite the abundant recruitment of large-leaved (semi)deciduous species in clearings, several evergreens with small leaves (&lt; 3.5 cm²) also established primarily or exclusively in clearings. Although this study confirms the strong environmental filtering imposed by the microclimates of clearings in some temperate forests, it reveals more functionally diverse responses to clearing environments than was reported in a parallel study in New Zealand. Smaller sample sizes may partly explain why overall we found less evidence of regeneration niche differentiation and environmental filtering than in the New Zealand study, although attenuation of filtering by vegetative reproduction may also have contributed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 125793"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140633214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local adaptation to an altitudinal gradient: The interplay between mean phenotypic trait variation and phenotypic plasticity in Mimulus laciniatus","authors":"Jill M. Love,&nbsp;Kathleen G. Ferris","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Organisms can adapt to environmental heterogeneity through two mechanisms: (1) expression of population genetic variation or (2) phenotypic plasticity. In this study we investigated whether patterns of variation in both trait means and phenotypic plasticity along elevational and latitudinal clines in a North American endemic plant, <em>Mimulus laciniatus</em>, were consistent with local adaptation. We grew inbred lines of <em>M. laciniatus</em> from across the species’ range in two common gardens varying in day length to measure mean and plastic trait expression in several traits previously shown to be involved in adaptation to <em>M. laciniatus’s</em> rocky outcrop microhabitat: flowering time, size-related traits, and leaf shape. We tested for phenotypic plasticity and GxE, examined correlations between the mean phenotype and plasticity, and tested for a relationship between trait variation and population elevation and latitude. We did not find a strong correlation between mean and plastic trait expression at the individual genotype level suggesting that they operate under independent genetic controls. We identified multiple traits that show patterns consistent with local adaptation to elevation: critical photoperiod, flowering time, flower size, mean leaf lobing, and leaf lobing plasticity. These trends occur along multiple geographically independent altitudinal clines indicating that selection is a more likely cause of this pattern than gene flow among nearby populations with similar trait values. We also found that population variation in mean leaf lobing is associated with latitude. Our results indicate that both having more highly lobed leaves and greater leaf shape plasticity may be adaptive at high elevation within <em>M. laciniatus.</em> Our data strongly suggest that traits known to be under divergent selection between <em>M. laciniatus</em> and close relative <em>Mimulus guttatus</em> are also under locally varying selection within <em>M. laciniatus</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 125795"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1433831924000180/pdfft?md5=188d4cbb728221a3ba79b557f488056c&pid=1-s2.0-S1433831924000180-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140633230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic differentiation of the Capparis spinosa group in the Mediterranean area","authors":"Youmna Melzi ,&nbsp;Francesca La Bella ,&nbsp;Alessandro Silvestre Gristina ,&nbsp;Marcello Zerbo ,&nbsp;Douadi Khelifi ,&nbsp;Sakina Bechkri ,&nbsp;Guglielmo Puccio ,&nbsp;Francesco Carimi ,&nbsp;Silvio Fici ,&nbsp;Francesco Mercati","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The <em>Capparis spinosa</em> group is represented in the Mediterranean by a complex of taxa widespread in North Africa, the Middle East, and southern Europe. The taxonomy of this group used to be based on morphological characters with little work on the genetics of the group, and there is still much to be learned about its evolutionary history and diversification. We sampled 431 individuals of two subspecies and five varieties of <em>C. spinosa</em> and analysed them using highly informative EST-SSR markers to evaluate the population genetic diversity, structure and differentiation of the species in the Mediterranean. In addition, comparisons with the genetic profiles of <em>C. spinosa</em> subsp. <em>cartilaginea,</em> the putative ancestral taxon were made to investigate the phylogeographic history and possible gene flow across taxa. Integrated Bayesian approaches showed: <em>i)</em> a high divergence among <em>C. spinosa</em> subsp. <em>spinosa</em> var. <em>canescens</em>, <em>C. spinosa</em> subsp. <em>spinosa</em> var. <em>aegyptia</em> and the three varieties belonging to <em>C. spinosa</em> subsp. <em>rupestris</em> (var. <em>rupestris</em>, var. <em>ovata</em> and var. <em>myrtifolia</em>), with a clear separation between var. <em>aegyptia</em> and var. <em>canescens</em> which allows to consider var. <em>aegyptia</em> as a subspecies of <em>C. spinosa</em>; <em>ii)</em> a significant correlation between genetic divergence and geographic distance between the five varieties studied; <em>iii)</em> that the different varieties in the Mediterranean may have been derived from <em>C. spinosa</em> subsp. <em>cartilaginea</em>. Further genomic investigations are required to confirm our results. However, the findings presented allows us to suggest the genus <em>Capparis</em> can be considered a model for the study of the gene flow and differentiation in species occurring in a wide range of habitats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 125794"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1433831924000179/pdfft?md5=a710d329c6d1499c2c5edc3d4d4dfbed&pid=1-s2.0-S1433831924000179-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140549556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the hypotheses of endemic richness: A study case in the Southwestern Alps","authors":"Maria Guerrina ,&nbsp;Davide Dagnino ,&nbsp;Luigi Minuto ,&nbsp;Frédéric Médail ,&nbsp;Gabriele Casazza","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Areas where range-restricted species are concentrated are of importance for conservation. However, most of the studies aim at identifying areas rich in endemics for conservation planning, while few studies aim at understanding the causal factors of endemic richness. Here, our goal is to identify the determinants of endemic richness within a centre of endemism, the Southwestern European Alps, by testing four non-mutually exclusive hypotheses that have been proposed to explain patterns of endemic richness. In particular, we examined to what extent temporal and spatial climatic stability and environmental heterogeneity are related to endemic richness. Almost all hypotheses partially support the observed patterns of plant endemics richness within the SW Alps. In general, most of the relationships between environmental variables and endemic richness are statistically significant. However, the highest effect in explaining endemic richness is found for climate change velocity and standard deviation of slope, two factors affecting the possibility of species to disperse. This is in line with the idea that endemics are strongly limited by dispersal and not only by climate. Our results suggest that in regions where the effects of past climate changes were less dramatic endemic richness results from the interaction of species dispersal with regional and specific historical factors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 125792"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1433831924000155/pdfft?md5=2c498fef6d3ce3261664758f9fe78fc9&pid=1-s2.0-S1433831924000155-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140545797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of biogeographical distribution of grasses in grasslands of South America","authors":"Helena Streit ,&nbsp;Rodrigo S. Bergamin ,&nbsp;Bianca O. Andrade ,&nbsp;Alice Altesor ,&nbsp;Felipe Lezama ,&nbsp;Susana Perelman ,&nbsp;Sandra C. Müller ,&nbsp;Gerhard E. Overbeck","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Current distribution of C₃ and C₄ grasses is often explained by contrasting environmental conditions. Regions where C₃ and C₄ grasses coexist, as the Southeastern South America grasslands (SESA grasslands), provides an excellent opportunity to investigate the evolutionary imprints of grasses through clade distribution patterns. Here, we aimed to understand how ecological and evolutionary processes affect the phylogenetic diversity of grass communities along 666 sites located in a latitudinal gradient ranging from 26°S to 38°S in SESA grasslands (Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay). We applied generalized linear models (GLM) to understand the role of the different environmental and historical drivers that shape the proportion of C₃ grasses distribution in SESA grasslands. The effect of latitude on phylogenetic beta-diversity patterns among the vegetation surveys was evaluated through principal coordinates of phylogenetic structure. Contribution of C₃ species increased southwards (R² = 0.40, P&lt;0.001). C₃ species are more likely to occur in colder areas with higher historical temperature stability, reflecting lineages that have specialized and radiated in cold environments (GLM results: R² = 0.37, P&lt;0.01). Climatically stable areas are the coldest, while unstable areas include warmer habitats, which enabled colonization by C₄ species. Regarding soil conditions, C₃ grasses are more likely to occur in more fertile soils and with low capacity to retain water (GLM results: pseudo-R² = 0.37, P&lt;0.01). We found that phylogeny has an important role as a structuring agent of grass communities across our study region, indicating turnover of grass lineages along the latitudinal gradient. Grass species found at the northern portion of the gradient belong mostly to the clade which contain both C₄ and C₃ species. At the southern part of the gradient, communities are dominated by grasses belonging to a C₃-exclusive clade. The distribution of grass clades across the SESA grasslands is indicative of the environmental gradients found in this region between temperate and tropical zones, describing a climate space where disturbance driven feedbacks play a major role in maintaining open vegetation. Our results contribute to the understanding of ecological and evolutionary drivers of grass distribution in the region that up to now has been poorly described.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 125791"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140558040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}