Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics最新文献

{"title":"Eocene/Oligocene global disruption and the revolution of Caribbean mangroves","authors":"Valentí Rull","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2023.125733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2023.125733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>In a recent paper, the author demonstrated that, in contrast with the prevailing view of eventual gradual regional differentiation from a hypothetical Cretaceous pantropical<span><span> mangrove belt around the Tethys Sea, the Caribbean mangroves originated de novo in the </span>Eocene after the evolutionary appearance of the first mangrove-forming tree species known for the region, the ancestor of the extant </span></span><em>Pelliciera</em>. This paper represents a second step in the analysis of the evolution of Caribbean mangroves dealing with the most important change experienced by these communities, occurring across the Eocene<img>Oligocene transition (EOT), which is termed here the Caribbean mangrove revolution. This shift consisted of the disappearance of the primeval <em>Pelliciera</em> mangroves and their replacement by mangrove communities dominated by <span><em>Rhizophora</em></span><span>, a newly emerged mangrove tree that still dominates extant Caribbean mangroves. This paper first reviews the available literature on the EOT global disruption (tectonic and paleogeographic reorganizations, ocean circulation, cooling, Antarctic glaciation, sea-level fall) and its regional manifestations in the study area, along with the corresponding biotic responses. This provides the paleoenvironmental framework with which to analyze the EOT mangrove revolution using the &gt;80 pollen records available for the region. In the circum-Caribbean region, cooling of 3–6 °C and a sea-level fall of 67 m were recorded between 33.8 and 33.5 Ma, which led to significant shifts in dispersal pathways and barriers, as well as in marine paleocurrents. Late Eocene mangroves were dominated by the autochthonous </span><em>Pelliciera</em> (up to 60% of pollen assemblages), while <em>Rhizophora</em>, which likely arrived from the Indo-Pacific region by long-distance dispersal, was absent or very scarce. After the EOT, the situation was radically different, as the mangroves were widely dominated by <em>Rhizophora,</em> and <em>Pelliciera</em>, when present, was a subordinate mangrove element (&lt;10%). At the same time, <em>Pelliciera</em>, which had been restricted to a small patch (Central America and NW South America or CA/NWSA) during the Eocene, expanded its range across the Caribbean and beyond, always as a minor component of <em>Rhizophora</em> mangroves. The dominance shift could have been due to the EOT cooling, by favoring the expansion of the euryclimatic and vagile <em>Rhizophora</em> over the stenoclimatic <em>Pelliciera</em>, of limited dispersal ability. This is considered a case of competitor coexistence by niche segregation. In addition, <em>Rhizophora</em> could have facilitated the expansion of <em>Pelliciera</em><span><span> by providing refuge against environmental and biotic stressors, notably light intensity and </span>salinity. The Eocene </span><em>Pelliciera</em><span><span> mangroves never returned, but this species survived to ","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44722101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant-soil interactions in the communities dominated by alien and native plants","authors":"Jan Pergl ,&nbsp;Michaela Vítková ,&nbsp;Martin Hejda ,&nbsp;Josef Kutlvašr ,&nbsp;Petr Petřík ,&nbsp;Jiří Sádlo ,&nbsp;Martin Vojík ,&nbsp;Šárka Dvořáčková ,&nbsp;Richard Fleischhans ,&nbsp;Anna Lučanová ,&nbsp;Petr Pyšek","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2023.125721","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2023.125721","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>It has been established by research on plant invasions that soil biota and availability of nutrients affect the processes of alien species establishment and spread. So far, attention was mainly on alien invaders, although some native species (expansive), vigorously spread in human-influenced landscapes and also transform the habitats they colonize. Based on indirect gradient ordination analysis of vegetation relevés dominated by five native (</span><span><span><span><em>Calamagrostis</em><em> epigejos, </em></span><span>Filipendula ulmaria</span><span><em>, </em><em>Phalaris arundinacea</em><em>, </em></span></span><em>Rubus</em><span><em> idaeus, </em><em>Urtica dioica</em></span></span>) and five alien taxa (<span><span><em>Impatiens glandulifera</em><em>, </em></span><em>Lupinus polyphyllus</em><span><em>, Telekia speciosa, </em><em>Reynoutria</em></span></span> sp., <span><em>Solidago</em><em> canadensis</em></span> agg.) in the Czech Republic, Central Europe, we identified pairs of species differing by origin (native vs alien) and growing in similar habitats. In the resulting 10 pairs, we tested the net effect of species origin on the following soil characteristics: (i) physical properties, (ii) nutrient availability, and (iii) biological activity. We found that the impact of alien invasive and native expansive species on soil cannot be explained simply by species’ origin as a factor. Regardless of the origin, a statistically significant effect was recorded only for factors expressing nitrogen supply at the peak of the vegetation season and soil biological activity. Differences in impacts attributable to origin were only verified for individual pairs, being most pronounced between the alien <em>Lupinus</em> and its native counterparts <em>Calamagrostis</em> and <em>Filipendula</em>, and least between <em>Solidago</em> vs <em>Calamagrostis,</em> and <em>Telekia</em> vs <em>Rubus</em><span>. Both invasive alien and expansive native dominant plants can alter the rate of decomposition by changing the litter quality and availability of nutrients, mainly inorganic nitrogen. Therefore, management actions to preserve or restore diversity and mitigate the negative impacts of dominant species should be focused both on native and alien species.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43278480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anther smut pathogens as important drivers of population dynamics of long-lived perennial plants: A case study of Dianthus carthusianorum","authors":"Klára Koupilová ,&nbsp;Tomáš Koubek ,&nbsp;Marek Kasner ,&nbsp;Zdeněk Janovský","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2023.125729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2023.125729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Pollinator-transmitted pathogens<span> typically hinder sexual reproduction of their hosts and affect pollen flow among remaining healthy individuals in a population. The extent to which a pathogen also influences host’s population growth depends on the importance of sexual reproduction for the host’s life cycle. Such pathogen impact cannot be traced by measuring only the vital rates directly affected by the pathogen, and thus a study of the host’s entire life cycle is necessary. In this study, we aimed to quantify the effects of the pollinator-transmitted anther smut pathogen </span></span><span><em>Microbotryum</em><em> carthusianorum</em></span><span> on population growth rate in three populations of the long-lived perennial </span><em>Dianthus carthusianorum.</em><span><span> We followed plant individuals over three years and measured their size, disease state, and reproduction. We then constructed an Integral Projection Model (IPM). To evaluate the pathogen impact, we performed a stochastic analysis of the IPM for real diseased populations as well as for simulated populations without the pathogen. As the populations also hosted predispersal seed predators, the same approach was used to evaluate their impact. Stochastic population growth rates indicated two of the real populations to be increasing, and one to be declining. Comparison with the simulated healthy populations showed that the pathogen impact on the growth rate was negative and relatively strong, because the growth rate was highly sensitive to changes in sexual reproduction. However, the pathogen did not appear to cause the decline in the one decreasing population, since the growth rate there was impaired more substantially by high rates of predispersal </span>seed predation and low germination rates than by the castration of diseased flowers. Overall, our study suggests that </span><em>D. carthusianorum</em> is highly vulnerable to biotic interactions affecting sexual reproduction pathway. Additionally, our study illustrated several complexities in disease dynamics (e.g., occurrence of partially or fully asymptomatic plants) that need to be incorporated into the assessment of the impact of pollinator-transmitted pathogens on long-lived perennials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47970073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diploid chastity vs. polyploid promiscuity – Extensive gene flow among polyploid cytotypes blurs genetic, morphological and taxonomic boundaries among Dinaric taxa of Knautia (Caprifoliaceae)","authors":"Ivana Rešetnik ,&nbsp;Peter Schönswetter ,&nbsp;Martina Temunović ,&nbsp;Michael H.J. Barfuss ,&nbsp;Božo Frajman","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2023.125730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2023.125730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Heteroploid <em>Knautia</em> sect. <em>Trichera</em> constitutes a taxonomically intricate assemblage of taxa with highly complex genetic architecture, which is mirrored in high morphological variability and blurred boundaries among the species. Here, we aim to disentangle the relationships among the xerophytic taxa from the Dinaric Mountains on the western Balkan Peninsula, which, based on relative genome size estimations, comprise di-, tetra- and hexaploid populations. Our analyses of amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) revealed a clear genetic differentiation among the diploid members, which are also morphologically clearly divergent. On the other hand, the phylogenetic structure among tetraploid and hexaploid populations as well as the ties with their diploid progenitors are complex, conferring unclear boundaries among species. Tetraploids were intermingled among the divergent diploid lineages, suggesting recurrent polyploidisation and/or extensive gene flow across sympatric lineages, whereas hexaploids clustered in two groups, pointing to two separate origins. In line with the genetic pattern, there is a high overlap in morphological characters across and within different ploidies. Nevertheless, comparisons of environmental niches showed differentiation among the ploidy levels, with the niche of hexaploids being most divergent. It is thus obvious that dynamic polyploid evolution, virtual lack of crossing barriers among polyploid cytotypes pertaining to different species, and exceedingly variable morphology along with the uniformity of reproductive characters preclude establishing a clear-cut taxonomic structure. Still, albeit generally corroborating previous observations for <em>K.</em> sect. <em>Trichera</em> as a whole, our study restricted to a limited geographic and taxonomic assemblage yielded constructive insights towards a workable taxonomic framework in this complex system. As a result, we propose a revised taxonomic treatment, including description of a new species, <em>Knautia ehrendorferi</em>, but we are aware that species identifications will remain challenging also in the future.</p></div><div><h3>Data availability</h3><p>Data will be made available on request.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50193581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Widespread, but less than assumed: Populations of Euphorbia amygdaloides (Euphorbiaceae) from western Asia represent two new cryptic species","authors":"Amir Hossein Pahlevani ,&nbsp;Božo Frajman","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2023.125717","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2023.125717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Hyrcanian forests positioned along the southern and south-western shores of the Caspian Sea and the Euxine-Colchic forests along the southern and eastern shores of the Black Sea (western Asia) are renowned as hotspots of biodiversity and represent major refugia of Eurasian Tertiary relict forest species. One of them was considered to be <em>Euphorbia amygdaloides</em> (<em>Euphorbia</em> sect. <em>Patellares</em>), a forest species with wide distribution from northern Africa across Europe to western Asia. Using nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid <em>ndhF–trnL</em> sequences we here show that the western Asian populations previously treated as <em>E. amygdaloides</em> are clearly divergent from European <em>E. amygdaloides</em> and actually pertain to two new species, which are also morphologically different. The newly described <em>E. sylvicola</em> is widespread in the Hyrcanian and Euxine-Colchic forests and is morphologically most similar to <em>E. amygdaloides</em>, with which it also shares its genome size. On the other hand, <em>E. caspica</em> is endemic to the Hyrcanian forests in Iran and is most closely related to another western Asian species, <em>E. macroceras</em>, with which it partly overlaps in distribution. Both species have also similar genome size, slightly lower from that of <em>E. amygdaloides</em> and <em>E. sylvicola</em>, but morphologically <em>E. caspica</em> resembles more <em>E. amygdaloides</em> than <em>E. macroceras</em>. Our study uncovered cryptic diversity in the forests of western Asia that had remained hidden due to slow rates of morphological evolution, i.e. morphological stasis, commonly observed in other Tertiary forest relict species, and highlights the Euxine-Colchic and especially the Hyrcanian forests as important centres of biodiversity and endemism.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44052322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple responses of bryophytes in a chronosequence of burnt areas in non-fire prone subtropical cloud forests","authors":"Ruymán David Cedrés-Perdomo ,&nbsp;Raquel Hernández-Hernández ,&nbsp;Brent C. Emerson ,&nbsp;Juana María González-Mancebo","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2022.125702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2022.125702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In non-fire prone ecosystems, like some subtropical humid forests, fire produces habitat destruction and intensifies land degradation by inducing changes in native species composition, soil properties and erosive processes. Bryophytes are key components of the Macaronesian laurel forests playing an important role in regulating water cycling and microclimate. Ecological and taxonomical bryophytes groups have distinct ecological and physiological requirements and may respond in a different way to the same fire events. Therefore, analysing post fire recovery of bryophyte communities represents a key step towards a better understanding of forest fire drivers and post fire management. We investigated how species richness and composition of different ecological and taxonomical bryophyte groups varied in 1158 samples within a fire chronosequence from 5 to 57 years in the best-preserved laurel forest from Canary Islands (Garajonay National Park) analysing communities in terms of differences with comparable surrounding old growth unburnt stands. Epiphyte, terricolous and saxicolous bryophytes were sampled at each plot and the influence of the time since fire was analyzed together with environmental variables (temperature, precipitation, mist precipitation and elevation) and forest structure variables. Our results indicate that there is no general pattern of post fire recolonization, as recolonization varies depending on the ecological and phylogenetic groups considered. Climate and forest structure play an important role in post-fire recolonization, such that time since fire is not the most important variable influencing richness and composition. The results increase the understanding of the processes that shape compositional patterns in groups with high dispersal capacities and high microclimate dependence, such as mosses and liverworts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43862120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomic significance and evolution of homobaric and heterobaric leaves in Adesmia clade species (Leguminosae – Papilionoideae)","authors":"Fernanda Helena Palermo ,&nbsp;Ana Paula Fortuna-Perez ,&nbsp;Heloísa Beltrami Chain ,&nbsp;Flávia Fonseca Pezzini ,&nbsp;Gwilym Peter Lewis ,&nbsp;Rogério Antonio de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Tatiane Maria Rodrigues","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2022.125714","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2022.125714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The presence/absence of bundle sheath extensions (BSE) in a leaf blade allows the classification of the leaves as heterobaric or homobaric, respectively. The compartmentalization of the mesophyll by BSE is associated with differences in functional aspects of heterobaric and homobaric leaves, such as conduction of water and luminosity, traits related to the successful colonization of different environments by plants. Therefore, studies on the distribution of different leaf types in a taxon can provide information on ecological, systematic, physiological, and evolutionary aspects. The Adesmia clade belongs to the legume tribe Dalbergieae (Papilionoideae, Leguminosae) and comprises five genera with a neotropical or </span>pantropical<span> distribution. We mapped the distribution of Adesmia clade species with either homobaric or heterobaric leaves, searching for associations with their habit and anatomical evolution. Leaves from 75 subshrubby, shrubby, and climbing species from different environments were obtained from worldwide herbaria. Leaflet blade samples were processed according to standard techniques in plant anatomy. We found that 53.4% of the species studied presented heterobaric leaves and 46.6% presented homobaric leaves. All species of the genus </span></span><em>Adesmia</em> DC. had homobaric leaves, while all species of <em>Amicia</em> Kunth and <em>Nissolia</em> Jacq. had heterobaric leaves. In contrast, <em>Zornia</em> J.F. Gmel. and <em>Poiretia</em> Vent. presented some species with homobaric leaves and others with heterobaric leaves. All climbers studied had heterobaric leaves. For the shrubby and subshrubby species analysed, 64,8% had heterobaric leaves and 35,2% had homobaric leaves. Our results show that within the Adesmia clade the BSE in the leaf blade possibly evolved from heterobaric leaves with the extensions in the second and third order (occasionally fourth order) veins to heterobaric leaves with BSE only in second order veins, and for homobaric leaves in earlier lineages (<em>Zornia</em> and <em>Adesmia</em>).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47016996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographic distribution and climatic niche comparison between diploid and polyploid cytotypes of a South American genus Lessingianthus H.Rob. (Vernonieae, Asteraceae)","authors":"María Betiana Angulo ,&nbsp;Javier Elías Florentín ,&nbsp;Gisela Mariel Via do Pico","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2023.125719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2023.125719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The distribution of ploidy levels and their ecological associations were studied using the genus </span><em>Lessingianthus</em><span> (Vernonieae, Asteraceae) as a model system. This genus is very complex from a cytogenetic point of view, with high cytotype diversity at the interspecific and intraspecific levels and with a continuous distribution throughout South America. So far, no previous studies have summarized chromosome count data for </span><em>Lessingianthus</em> or addressed the cytogeography of the genus. In this study, the ploidy levels of <em>Lessingianthus</em><span> species were determined by chromosome counts during mitosis and ecological niche modelling (ENM) was used to compare the environmental associations of the diploid and polyploid cytotypes. In total, 28 chromosome counts and six ploidy levels (2</span><em>x</em>, 4<em>x</em>, 6<em>x</em>, 8<em>x</em>, 10<em>x</em>, and 11<em>x</em><span>) were recorded. Among these counts, the chromosome numbers for three hexaploids with 2 </span><em>n</em> = 96 (<em>L. parvifolius</em>, <em>L. vepretorum</em> and <em>L.</em> “bolivianensis” sp. ined.) and one decaploid taxon with 2 <em>n</em> = 160 (<em>L. roseus</em>) were reported for the first time. In addition, a new cytotype for <em>L. laniferus</em> (2 <em>n</em> = 6<em>x</em><span> = 96) was also reported. The cytogeographic analysis resulted in detecting two geographic zones with high diversity of cytotypes and species. The ENMs showed that the areas of climatic suitability of diploids and polyploids are similar in extent, as well as the climatic requirements, showing high values of niche overlap within the environmental space. Our findings suggested that polyploidization in </span><em>Lessingianthus</em> has not caused expansion to novel environmental conditions and phylogenetic niche conservatism (PNC) may explain the lack of niche differentiation between diploids and polyploids.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45761001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasting dynamics of seed banks and standing vegetation of annuals and perennials along a rainfall gradient","authors":"Niv DeMalach ,&nbsp;Jaime Kigel ,&nbsp;Marcelo Sternberg","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2023.125718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2023.125718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The soil seed bank is a major component of plant communities. However, long-term analyses of the dynamics of the seed bank and the ensuing vegetation are rare. Here, we studied the dynamics in plant communities with high dominance of annuals in Mediterranean, semiarid, and arid ecosystems for nine consecutive years. For annuals, we hypothesized that the density of the seed bank would be more stable than the density of the standing herbaceous vegetation. Moreover, we predicted that differences in temporal variability between the seed bank and the vegetation would increase with aridity, where year-to-year rainfall variability is higher. We found that the temporal variability at the population level (assessed as the standard deviation of the log_e<span>-transformed density) of the nine dominant annuals in each site did not differ between the seed bank and the ensuing vegetation in any of the sites. For the total density of annuals, patterns depended on aridity. In the Mediterranean site, the temporal variability was similar in the seed bank and the vegetation (0.40 vs. 0.40). Still, in the semiarid and arid sites, variability in the seed bank was lower than in the vegetation (0.49 vs. 1.01 and 0.63 vs. 1.38, respectively). This difference between the population-level patterns and the total density of annuals can be related to the lower population synchrony in their seed bank. In contrast, for the herbaceous perennials (all species combined), the seed bank variability was higher than in the vegetation. Overall, our results highlight the role of the seed bank in buffering the annual vegetation density with increasing climatic uncertainty typical in aridity gradients. This role is crucial under the increasing uncertainty imposed by climatic change in the region.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42435103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does insular adaptation to subtropical conditions promote loss of plasticity over time?","authors":"C. García-Verdugo ,&nbsp;C. Douthe ,&nbsp;M. Francisco ,&nbsp;M. Ribas-Carbó ,&nbsp;J. Flexas ,&nbsp;X. Moreira","doi":"10.1016/j.ppees.2022.125713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppees.2022.125713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phenotypic plasticity (i.e. the ability to express different phenotypes under changing environmental conditions) is thought to play a key role in habitat adaptation, but little is known about how trait plasticity evolves following dispersal into novel island habitats. We hypothesize that shifts from seasonal Mediterranean climates to more stable (subtropical) island conditions would promote a net reduction in trait plasticity over time. To test this hypothesis, we set two common gardens with contrasting environmental (low resource vs. mesic) conditions, where we grew seedlings of wild olive (<em>Olea europaea</em> var. <em>sylvestris</em>) populations that represented two Canary Island lineages with different colonization times (old vs. young) and their Mediterranean ancestral lineage (N = 275 individuals). Plasticity was assessed for 12 morphological, photosynthetic and chemical traits by (i) subjecting half of the seedlings to simulated herbivore browsing (50% of aerial biomass removal) and (ii) comparing phenotypic values between both common garden settings. Simulated herbivore browsing induced few plastic responses, mostly restricted to photosynthetic traits, but these were similarly displayed by all lineages. Comparisons between common gardens revealed a contrasting response between the Mediterranean and both subtropical island lineages in leaf phenotypes. Furthermore, the older island lineage showed an overall lack of plasticity (i.e. environmental canalization) in morphological and chemical traits. These results suggest that, unlike photosynthetic traits that are fundamental for fast acclimation to environmental shifts, some developmental traits may lose plasticity over time as a result of phenotypic adjustment to subtropical insular conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56093,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49042136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}