Grassland Science最新文献

{"title":"Associative effects of forage diversity on herbage nutritive value, and total flavonoid and polyphenol contents in forages and ruminal fluid","authors":"Laila Dini Harisa,&nbsp;Dicky Aldian,&nbsp;Masato Yayota","doi":"10.1111/grs.70032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/grs.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We evaluated the effects of forage diversity on nutritional value, secondary metabolites and ruminal fermentation parameters. Five treatments with increasing forage diversity—Grass (G), Grass + Legume (GL), Grass + Legume + Forb (GLF; three species), GLF-6 (six species; two species per group) and GLF-9 (nine species; three species per group)—were cultivated and analyzed for nutritional composition, secondary metabolites, in vitro digestibility, gas production and ruminal fermentation characteristics. Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (aNDFom) varied among treatments, with numerically higher CP in GLF and GLF-9 and lower DM in GLF and GLF-9. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents also varied, with quercetin, luteolin, and kaempferol numerically increasing in GLF-6 and GLF-9, and rutin decreasing from 294.82 μg/g DM in G to 89.89 μg/g DM in GLF-9. In vitro digestibility, total gas and methane production, short-chain fatty acids and ruminal pH were not significantly affected by forage diversity based on quadratic regression analysis. Rutin in forage was almost undetectable in ruminal fluid. Overall, increasing forage species diversity did not substantially impact forage nutritional composition, digestibility or ruminal fermentation characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":56078,"journal":{"name":"Grassland Science","volume":"72 3","pages":"221-229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148373055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodel hyperspectral estimation of aboveground biomass dynamics in alpine grasslands of the northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Dawen Qian,&nbsp;Hongyi Guo,&nbsp;Zechang Chen,&nbsp;Limin Tan,&nbsp;Xiaowei Guo","doi":"10.1111/grs.70034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/grs.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate estimation of aboveground biomass (AGB) in alpine ecosystems is challenging because of strong phenological variability, heterogeneous canopy structure and complex spectral–biomass relationships. Using 2 years (2023–2024) of monthly ground-based hyperspectral observations collected during the growing season (May–September), this study examined alpine meadow, degraded alpine meadow and alpine shrub communities on the northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. Four regression approaches—elastic net, random forest (RF), support vector regression with a radial basis function kernel and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost)—were compared with an emphasis on temporal transferability. A two-stage feature selection framework combining correlation screening and LASSO regression was applied to smoothed, first-derivative and continuum-removed spectra, reducing more than 1000 spectral predictors to approximately 20 physiologically meaningful features. Tree-based ensemble models, particularly RF and XGBoost, consistently achieved the highest predictive performance and showed strong robustness across vegetation types. Model accuracy exhibited clear seasonal dependence, with lower performance early in the growing season and marked improvement during mid and late season periods. The most informative predictors were concentrated in the red-edge, near-infrared and shortwave-infrared regions, and models based on these optimized features matched or exceeded full-spectrum performance. The results demonstrate that combining targeted spectral features with ensemble learning provides a robust framework for seasonal AGB estimation in heterogeneous alpine grasslands.</p>","PeriodicalId":56078,"journal":{"name":"Grassland Science","volume":"72 3","pages":"208-220"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148373533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial stimulation of regrowth in ryegrass by the dual-function ammonia-oxidizing bacteria strain C5_3","authors":"Xiaoling Wang,&nbsp;Liju Zhou,&nbsp;Longkang Ni,&nbsp;Ruoyu Hao,&nbsp;Hao Yu,&nbsp;Shishi Tian,&nbsp;Hongfei Zhao,&nbsp;Jiawei Cao,&nbsp;Youyou Wang","doi":"10.1111/grs.70021","DOIUrl":"10.1111/grs.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) are key drivers of nitrogen cycling and plant growth, yet their roles in cytokinin biosynthesis and regrowth stimulation remain underexplored. This study investigated the multifunctional potential of a novel AOB strain, C5_3, in promoting compensatory regrowth of <i>Lolium multiflorum</i> following clipping. A pot experiment was conducted with six treatments: blank control (BT), nitrification inhibitor (DN), C5_3 inoculation (JI), C5_3 combined with the inhibitor (DJ), cytokinin-producing strain S2 (JS) and S2 combined with the inhibitor (DS). Measurements were taken on Days 0, 7 and 14 of regrowth, including soil nitrate (NO₃⁻–N) content, nitrification rate, zeatin riboside (ZR) content and transport rate, clipped leaf biomass and total plant biomass. The results indicated that inoculation with C5_3 significantly increased nitrification rates, reaching 2.5 times the level observed in the BT treatment, and enhanced C5_3 gene abundance, resulting in higher soil nitrate availability. C5_3 also elevated leaf ZR content and promoted its transport from root to shoot under both light and dark conditions. While S2 primarily enhanced cytokinin levels, C5_3 demonstrated dual functionality by improving both hormonal and nutritional pathways, leading to greater biomass accumulation (<i>p</i> &lt; .05). The nitrification inhibitor reduced microbial activity and plant regrowth, and its combination with C5_3 only partially mitigated these effects. Overall, these findings demonstrate that C5_3 stimulates compensatory regrowth in <i>L. multiflorum</i> through integrated microbial and hormonal pathways. Its dual functionality highlights its potential as a bioinoculant for sustainable forage production systems requiring rapid recovery after grazing or mowing.</p>","PeriodicalId":56078,"journal":{"name":"Grassland Science","volume":"72 2","pages":"90-101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses in the productivity and agronomic traits of new black oat cultivars between different sowing seasons in the warm regions of southwest Japan","authors":"Naohiro Uwatoko,&nbsp;Akira Arakawa,&nbsp;Tomoyuki Takai,&nbsp;Masaaki Katsura","doi":"10.1111/grs.70022","DOIUrl":"10.1111/grs.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Black oat (<i>Avena strigosa</i> Schreb.) is an important grass species that is commonly used as fodder and green manure in Japan. Consequently, it is agriculturally important to understand the changes in productivity and agronomic traits caused by differences in the sowing time for oat cultivars used throughout several growing seasons. In this study, the productivities and agronomic traits were evaluated for two black oats cultivars, namely “Ricky” and “Terara,” which were recently developed as early cultivars in Japan. These characteristics were examined under both late-summer and spring sowing conditions in a warm region of Japan to evaluate their response patterns to different sowing seasons. The 3-year mean dry matter yield of “Ricky” was 75.3 kg/a under late-summer sowing conditions and 86.7 kg/a under spring sowing conditions, representing an 18% higher yield under spring sowing conditions. For “Terara,” three-year mean dry matter yield was 69.4 kg/a under late-summer sowing conditions and 76.3 kg/a under spring sowing conditions, representing a 10% higher yield under spring sowing conditions. These results indicate that both cultivars were more productive when sown in spring. The number of days from germination to heading did not differ between the two conditions for “Ricky” but was significantly earlier (5.2 days) under late-summer sowing conditions in “Terara.” In addition, the plant height was higher (17 cm) under spring sowing conditions for “Ricky,” whereas no difference was observed for “Terara.” These results demonstrated that the response patterns of agronomic traits caused by different sowing times differed between cultivars classified as the same early cultivar. “Ricky” and “Terara” showed stable productivity under both late-summer and spring sowing conditions in the warm regions of Japan. “Ricky” consistently showed higher yields, while “Terara” performed comparably to commercial cultivars. Their nematode-suppressing traits could further support their potential as dual-purpose grasses for fodder and green manure.</p>","PeriodicalId":56078,"journal":{"name":"Grassland Science","volume":"72 2","pages":"102-111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the fermentation characteristics, nutritional value and in vitro ruminal digestibility of sweet sorghum silage mixed with peanut vine hay or distiller grains","authors":"Huade Xie,&nbsp;Fanquan Zeng,&nbsp;Li Liang,&nbsp;Jingzhen Li,&nbsp;Xianqing Luo,&nbsp;Fang Xie,&nbsp;Zhipei Li,&nbsp;Yuhong Pan,&nbsp;Chengjian Yang","doi":"10.1111/grs.70020","DOIUrl":"10.1111/grs.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to evaluate the fermentation characteristics, nutritive value and <i>in vitro</i> ruminal digestibility of a mixed silage of sweet sorghum (SS) with peanut vine hay (PVH) or distiller grains (DG). Silage was produced without any additives (CON) or with 10% (P1) or 20% (P2) PVH or 10% (D1) or 20% (D2) DG on fresh matter. All silage was ensiled in capped bottles and preserved for 60 days. The lowest pH value was found in D2 silage, followed by D1, CON, P1 and P2 silage (<i>P</i> &lt; .05). The D2 silage exhibited the highest lactic acid content, which was significantly greater than that observed in P2 silage (<i>P</i> &lt; .05). The ammonia-N content of the CON silage was higher than that of the P2- and DG-treated silage (<i>P</i> &lt; .05). The inclusion of PVH or DG in SS ensilage resulted in a linear increase in dry matter, crude protein, total digestible nutrients, and relative feed value and a decrease in organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and water-soluble carbohydrates. Most <i>in vitro</i> rumen fermentation parameters tended to increase in silage treated with PVH or DG compared with CON silage, although no significant effect (<i>P</i> &gt; .05) was found for the treatments. Furthermore, PVH- or DG-treated silage had a lower ruminal fermentation pH (<i>P</i> &lt; .05). Our study demonstrates that the addition of PVH or DG can improve the fermentation quality, nutritional value and <i>in vitro</i> ruminal digestibility of SS silage. Notably, the fermentation efficacy of DG was higher than that of PVH. Therefore, inclusion of 20% PVH or DG in the silage formulation is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":56078,"journal":{"name":"Grassland Science","volume":"72 2","pages":"82-89"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RNA-Seq analysis revealed differentially expressed genes linked to seed size variation in sainfoin","authors":"Surendra Bhattarai,&nbsp;Maryam Honari,&nbsp;Yong-Bi Fu,&nbsp;Bill Biligetu","doi":"10.1111/grs.70026","DOIUrl":"10.1111/grs.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sainfoin is a perennial forage legume with many desirable characteristics such as easy to establish, bloat-free trait for grazing ruminants and providing pollinator habitat and biological nitrogen fixation to soil. However, adoption of this species is often hindered by high seed cost associated with its larger seed size compared to other forage legumes. One possible solution is to improve desirable sainfoin seed traits with an increased number of seeds per unit weight. This study was conducted using an RNA-Seq technique to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with sainfoin seed development at 7, 14 and 21 days after pollen fertilization from genotypes differing in seed size. More than 92.8% clean sequence reads were mapped to the sainfoin reference genome, and 771 DEGs were identified at the three time points. Certain DEGs were consistently expressed across all three seed developmental stages, and these genes were specific to each seed small group. Gene ontology analysis showed that the identified DEGs were significantly associated with 51 Gene Ontology (GO) terms across “biological process,” “cellular component” and “molecular function” domains. Two DEGs, LeOno04cG0222300 and LeOno01dG0039200, were highly expressed in small seed genotypes. These identified DEGs and related genomic resources may be useful for marker-assisted breeding in sainfoin for a reduced seed size.</p>","PeriodicalId":56078,"journal":{"name":"Grassland Science","volume":"72 2","pages":"123-133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/grs.70026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rate on dry matter yield, nutritive values and nitrate nitrogen of Guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) extremely late cultivar “Umaku” as a summer annual grass in a warm temperate zone","authors":"Makoto Kaneko,&nbsp;Naoki Kato,&nbsp;Makoto Matsuoka,&nbsp;Ikuo Hattori","doi":"10.1111/grs.70027","DOIUrl":"10.1111/grs.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cultivation as a summer annual grass in temperate regions of new extremely late-maturing guineagrass cultivar “Umaku” without heading with fertilizer application entails risks of toxic nitrate nitrogen (nitrate-N) concentration in the grass. No report has described a study of nitrate-N in guineagrass without heading cultivated as an annual grass in temperate regions. Therefore, for two years, we clarified nitrogen fertilizer effects on dry matter yield (DMY), nutritional values and nitrate-N concentration in Umaku without heading cultivated as a summer annual grass. Subsequently, we evaluated management strategies aimed at optimizing nitrogen application to enhance DMY and crude protein (CP) content without increasing nitrate-N. Treatments were factorial combinations of two basal fertilizer applications (10 or 20 g N/m², respectively, as S or D treatment) and two grasses (“Umaku” and “OKI-1” of <i>Urochloa</i> hybrid as a control) in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Although differences between years in all measurements were significant, CP and nitrate-N for the D treatment were significantly higher than for the S treatment. Nitrate-N values of both grasses exceeded the toxic thresholds (0.2% DM) in all except for the S treatment of 2020. Delaying harvest until after a sufficient yield has been attained is suggested as an effective strategy for suppressing nitrate-N concentrations. For Umaku, approximately 620 g/m² of DMY with 10 g N/m² fertilizer application and at least 800 g/m² of DMY with 20 g N/m² fertilizer application are recommended. The derived relation between total nitrogen and nitrate-N well demonstrated that cultivation as annual summer grass without heading carries a risk of toxic nitrate-N concentration (0.2% DM) when the supplied nitrogen fertilizer is intended to achieve a CP content exceeding 9%. However, because of our limited dataset, further data accumulation is necessary. Furthermore, measuring nitrate-N concentrations at the time of harvesting on farm is required for preventing nitrate-N poisoning.</p>","PeriodicalId":56078,"journal":{"name":"Grassland Science","volume":"72 2","pages":"151-160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/grs.70027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of organic acid concentration in BRS Capiaçu elephant grass silage","authors":"Isadora Osório Maciel Aguiar Freitas,&nbsp;Antonio Leandro Chaves Gurgel,&nbsp;Vitor Cardoso Queiroz,&nbsp;Marcos Jácome de Araújo,&nbsp;Tairon Pannunzio Dias-Silva,&nbsp;Rafael de Souza Miranda,&nbsp;Laryssa Geovana Rocha do Amarante,&nbsp;Sheila Vilarindo de Sousa,&nbsp;Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo,&nbsp;Gelson dos Santos Difante,&nbsp;João Virgínio Emerenciano Neto","doi":"10.1111/grs.70019","DOIUrl":"10.1111/grs.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to develop prediction models for organic acid concentrations in Capiaçu grass (<i>Pennisetum purpureum</i> Schum) silage, based on fermentation parameters and chemical composition. Data were obtained from an experiment that evaluated BRS (Brazil Seeds) Capiaçu grass silage with the inclusion of dehydrated cashew pseudofruit (<i>Anacardium occidentale</i>) at levels of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% (on a fresh matter basis). The most accurate models for predicting lactic acid used dry matter as the only predictor variable, reaching an <i>R</i>² of 0.98 and root mean square prediction error (RMSPE) of 1.52. In the case of acetic acid, the best prediction model combined pH and the quadratic terms of pH and buffering capacity (BC), with <i>R</i>² of 0.73 and RMSPE of 0.98. The most accurate prediction model for butyric acid included crude protein and BC, with <i>R</i>² of 0.51. The prediction model with the greatest predictive capacity for propionic acid combined organic matter, BC and the quadratic term of soluble carbohydrates, reaching <i>R</i>² of 0.75. Thus, prediction models for lactic acid (<i>R</i>² = 0.98) are suitable for field applications, whereas those for butyric acid (<i>R</i>² = 0.51) require caution. In the validation of the selected prediction models, all showed accuracy and precision with correlation and agreement coefficients ≥ 0.70 for most models. Prediction errors were low, and the null hypothesis (<i>β</i>₀ = 0 and <i>β</i>₁ = 1) was accepted for all prediction models. The organic acids in Capiaçu-grass silage can be estimated based on its pH and chemical composition, particularly dry matter, buffering capacity, crude protein, organic matter and soluble carbohydrates.</p>","PeriodicalId":56078,"journal":{"name":"Grassland Science","volume":"72 2","pages":"73-81"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/grs.70019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interspecific variation and functional classification of root growth among 15 Mongolian grassland species under soil compaction","authors":"Toshihiko Kinugasa,&nbsp;Batdelger Gantsetseg","doi":"10.1111/grs.70028","DOIUrl":"10.1111/grs.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We quantified the interspecific variation in root growth responses to soil compaction across 15 wild Mongolian grassland species and classified their root growth patterns to inform the biological restoration of grassland soils compacted by vehicle traffic. Plants were grown in compacted and uncompacted soil, and we determined root dry mass, diameter, length, specific root length, root depth index and root-to-shoot ratio. Compaction affected root traits in all species differentially, leading to a wide range of trait magnitude in compacted soil. Two primary features effectively explained this interspecific variation: the thick, short root morphology under compaction and the extent to which roots thickened and shortened as an adaptive response. Perennials and monocots generally exhibited thicker and shorter roots in compacted soil compared to annuals and dicots. These findings demonstrate that certain species possess root characteristics making them highly advantageous for the reclamation of compacted soils in Mongolia, and our classification can contribute to selecting those species.</p>","PeriodicalId":56078,"journal":{"name":"Grassland Science","volume":"72 2","pages":"134-142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the properties and nutritional value of silage produced by agricultural forage crops and common vegetable waste","authors":"Hemza Bouzina,&nbsp;Leyla Hadef,&nbsp;Brahim Hamad","doi":"10.1111/grs.70024","DOIUrl":"10.1111/grs.70024","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paper compared the nutritional content and some physicochemical parameters of silages obtained with three forage crops, namely corn, corn-soybean mix and sorghum, and three frequent vegetable wastes, namely carrot, beet and potato. Dry matter (DM), pH, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), lactic acid (LA) and butyric acid (BA) concentrations were examined in six silage types. DM, CP, NDF, ADF, IVDMD and LA contents differed significantly (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) among the treatments. Corn silage had a greater DM percentage (32.66%) than ensiled vegetable residues. The highest concentration of CP was observed in fermented forage crops (8.70–9.50%). Silages made of vegetable residues showed significantly reduced ADF values (22.50–23.16%) as compared to ensiled forage crops (32.00–39.16%). The lowest NDF was observed in carrot silage (31.66%). Ensiled potato recorded the highest rate of in vitro digestion (86.33%). In the correlation analysis, it was observed that a highly positive correlation (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01) existed between DM and CP (<i>r</i> = 0.945), NDF (<i>r</i> = 0.943), and ADF (<i>r</i> = 0.851). Likewise, high positive correlations were evident between CP and NDF (<i>r</i> = 0.954) as well as ADF (<i>r</i> = 0.807). As compared to IVDMD, this was negatively and weakly correlated with ADF (<i>r</i> = 0.653, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01), DM (<i>r</i> = 0.617, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01) and NDF (<i>r</i> = 0.545, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Results show that vegetable-residue silages could be used as an alternative to ensiled forage crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":56078,"journal":{"name":"Grassland Science","volume":"72 2","pages":"112-122"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147684187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}