{"title":"Reference in transition or transitional reference? Documenting ecohydrological features of wetlands and aquatic ecosystems in the Biebrza Valley at the beginning of the 21st century","authors":"Mateusz Grygoruk, Tomasz Okruszko","doi":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2024.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2024.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56070,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology","volume":"24 4","pages":"Pages 727-729"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Junxiang Cheng , Ligang Xu , Rong Wang , Hailin You , Hongxiang Fan , Yakun Wu
{"title":"Comprehensive evaluation of environmental flows in the Yangtze River regulated by two large dams","authors":"Junxiang Cheng , Ligang Xu , Rong Wang , Hailin You , Hongxiang Fan , Yakun Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2023.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2023.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ecological sustainability of rivers and floodplains depends on their natural flows. Dam construction on rivers has dramatically altered the hydrologic regimes, in turn affecting aquatic ecosystem integrity. The environmental flow components was applied to exam the impacts of the two dams (i.e., the Gezhouba Dam and the Three Gorges Dam) on downstream flows of the Yangtze River, China. Due to the operation of the two dams, the Yangtze River's flow regimes became homogenous through increasing streamflow during the dry season and decreasing streamflow in the flood season. The monthly low flows from January to April significantly increased by 14-31%, while October and November low flows significantly decreased by 18-25%. We observed the decreased duration and frequency of extreme low flows and floods, particularly the disappearance in large floods. These homogenous flows strongly influence the aquatic biodiversity. To alleviate the hydrologic alteration and minimize the negative ecological influence, low flows should be lower and floods should be reestablished as a natural state. The flow characteristics of duration, timing and rate of change should also be incorporated into the environmental flow recommendations. Our results could provide a potential solution to the tradeoffs between water resources exploitation and natural water requirement in the highly regulated rivers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56070,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology","volume":"24 4","pages":"Pages 950-957"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135348902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaomin Yuan , Qiang Liu , Baoshan Cui , Wei Yang , Tao Sun , Xuan Wang , Chunhui Li , Yanpeng Cai
{"title":"The carbon budget induced by water-level fluctuation in a typical shallow lake","authors":"Xiaomin Yuan , Qiang Liu , Baoshan Cui , Wei Yang , Tao Sun , Xuan Wang , Chunhui Li , Yanpeng Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2023.03.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2023.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>Shallow lakes are characterized by strong water-level fluctuations, which control shifts in carbon (C) sources and sinks. However, there remains uncertainty in elucidating the alteration in the carbon budget<span> with water-level changes. Here, carbon budget variation with water level was estimated by between carbon sequestration (</span></span><em>C<sub>s</sub></em><span>) and carbon emission (</span><em>C<sub>e</sub></em>) (including carbon dioxide, methane) using an improved logistic model and the DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) model in Baiyangdian Lake (BYD), a typical shallow lake. According to the results, the <em>C<sub>s</sub></em> and <em>C<sub>e</sub></em> were 5.33 Tg/a and 1.72 Tg/a, respectively, which indicated that BYD acted as a carbon source (3.60 Tg/a net carbon emission). The spatial pattern and high value areas (HVA) of the carbon budget showed significant change with water depth variation under water level fluctuation. The HVA of <em>C<sub>s</sub>, C<sub>e</sub></em> and <em>C<sub>net</sub></em> in the BYD was distributed at water depths of -0.24±0.77 m, 2.41±0.50 m and 2.53±0.26 m, respectively. At the lake scale, increasing water level will increase the unevenness of the water depth contribution of <em>C<sub>s</sub></em>, with a higher variation coefficient of the contribution structure, while the impact on the <em>C<sub>e</sub></em> contribution is not significant. Furthermore, elevating the water level increases the contribution of <em>C<sub>s</sub></em> in HVA to the whole lake, while the effect of water level on <em>C<sub>e</sub></em> is characterized by segmentation. In combination with the goal of increasing sinks and reducing emissions and the feasibility of management operation, the water level threshold based on the net carbon emissions reduction can be more accurately identified with vegetation coverage demand.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56070,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology","volume":"24 4","pages":"Pages 901-909"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115547552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sabina Smolska , Maciej Karpowicz , Magdalena Świsłocka , Elżbieta Jekatierynczuk-Rudczyk , Adam Więcko , Kamil Tarasewicz
{"title":"The patchy distribution of groundwater copepods in the lowland river valley","authors":"Sabina Smolska , Maciej Karpowicz , Magdalena Świsłocka , Elżbieta Jekatierynczuk-Rudczyk , Adam Więcko , Kamil Tarasewicz","doi":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2023.11.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2023.11.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span><span>Our research provides valuable insights into the uneven distribution of groundwater copepods in the lowland river valley ecosystem using an integrative taxonomy approach. The study was conducted in 101 wells in the Biebrza River Valley (northeastern Poland), which is one of the largest and best-preserved lowland rivers in Europe. It stands out for its exceptional biodiversity and pristine natural landscapes. Groundwater copepods were found in 49 of the 101 analyzed wells. We identified ten species of </span>Copepoda<span> and eight species of Cladocera. The most frequent copepods were </span></span><em>Diacyclops bicuspidatus, Diacyclops crassicaudis, Canthocamptus staphylinus, Paracyclops</em> cf. <em>fimbriatus, Diacyclops bisetosus</em>, and <em>Eucyclops serrulatus</em><span>. The aforementioned species were categorized as stygophiles, and no stygobionts were detected. Our findings suggest that the groundwater Copepoda community in this region is relatively stable and composed mostly of stygophiles along with stygoxenes. We did not find any significant impact of environmental parameters or different aquifers on the distribution of copepods, suggesting a patchy distribution of groundwater copepods in the lowland river valley. The relatively high presence of stygoxenes suggests that the exchange of organisms between surface water and groundwater plays a vital role in maintaining the diversity of microcrustaceans in lowland river valleys. Our study contributes to filling the knowledge gap regarding groundwater fauna in lowland Europe, particularly in areas affected by Pleistocene glaciations.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":56070,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology","volume":"24 4","pages":"Pages 773-784"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138691746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ke-Gang Zhang , Ying Du , Yu-Ping Cao , Zhi-Wei Wang , Kun Zhang , Yi Jin , Jun-Hong Bai , Chun-Gang Yuan
{"title":"Removal of arsenic in freshwater wetland waters using fly ash modified with zirconium-manganese binary oxides","authors":"Ke-Gang Zhang , Ying Du , Yu-Ping Cao , Zhi-Wei Wang , Kun Zhang , Yi Jin , Jun-Hong Bai , Chun-Gang Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2023.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2023.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new alternative supporting matrix for constructed wetlands was explored using fly ash modified with Zr-Mn binary oxides (Zr-Mn/FA) and examined its performance in the control of arsenic pollution in wetland waters. The prepared matrix was characterized by SEM, XRD and EDS. Batch experiments were performed to investigate the effects of various conditions for the adsorption of arsenic onto Zr-Mn/FA including pH, contact time, concentration, temperature,loading amount of Zr-Mn and co-existing ions. The results showed that Zr-Mn oxides on the surface of Zr-Mn/FA dominated the reaction force between arsenic and adsorbent. The phosphate anion could reduce the adsorption process of arsenite (As(Ⅲ))and arsenate (As(Ⅴ)) when its concentration exceeds 1.0 mg·L<sup>−1</sup><span>. The experimental data of both As(Ⅲ) and As(Ⅴ) adsorption on Zr-Mn/FA were well fitted with pseudo-second order kinetic model as well as Langmuir adsorption isotherm model with the maximum adsorption capacities of 70.13 mg·g</span><sup>−1</sup> for As(Ⅲ) and 43.19 mg·g<sup>−1</sup> for As(Ⅴ), respectively. The thermodynamic study suggested that the adsorption of As(Ⅲ) and As(Ⅴ) were both endothermic. However, the adsorption of As(Ⅴ) was spontaneous while the opposite conclusion was obtained for As(Ⅲ). The prepared material (Zr-Mn/FA) was then successfully applied in the real water samples from wetland which indicated that Zr-Mn/FA composite could be a promising matrix for constructed wetland to effectively remove inorganic arsenic from water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56070,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology","volume":"24 4","pages":"Pages 875-883"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127076719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bo Kuang , Rong Xiao , Chen Wang , Ling Zhang , Zhuoqun Wei , Junhong Bai , Kegang Zhang , Marco Campos , Milko A. Jorquera
{"title":"Bacterial community assembly in surface sediments of a eutrophic shallow lake in northern China","authors":"Bo Kuang , Rong Xiao , Chen Wang , Ling Zhang , Zhuoqun Wei , Junhong Bai , Kegang Zhang , Marco Campos , Milko A. Jorquera","doi":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2022.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2022.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span><span><span><span>Anthropogenic perturbations make negative effects on wetland ecosystems, such as increasing levels of </span>eutrophication. Under variable environmental conditions, studying the processes and mechanisms underlying their spatial distribution is critical to biogeochemical significance of </span>microorganisms<span>. In order to understand the changes in sediment bacterial community and their assembly with long-term eutrophication of the Baiyangdian Lake of China, we explored the </span></span>microbial communities for 24 surface sediment samples using high throughput sequencing of V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene, meanwhile we employed Neutral community model (NCM) to characterize the community assembly processes. Then, the β-nearest taxon index (βNTI) based on a null model was used to provide a quantitative description of the assembly processes of the bacterial community. Dispersal limitation, quantified by βNTI, accounted for ∼64.6% of all assembly processes. As the increasing levels of eutrophication, deterministic processes of bacterial community assembly may be enhanced. Moreover, the significant correlation between the βNTI and change in water NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span> or sediment pH might lead to deterministic processes. There was some selection pressure acting within the Baiyangdian lake sediments. The neutral community model properly explained bacterial community assembly. The NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, pH and EC were main influencing factors on the composition of the bacterial community. The overlying water NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−,</sup><span> surface water NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> and sediment pH were the three most crucial environmental factors to drive bacterial assembly. The findings revealed that Group 4 with relatively stronger deterministic processes as a more eutrophic area should be monitored as an indicator for eutrophication governance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56070,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology","volume":"24 4","pages":"Pages 828-838"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72926059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Determination of the ecological water levels in shallow lakes based on regime shifts: A case study of China's Baiyangdian Lake","authors":"Xinyu Liu , Wei Yang , Xianting Fu , Xiaoxiao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2023.08.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2023.08.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>Water level management is an effective way to promote ecological restoration of shallow lakes. However, efforts to achieve an ecologically suitable water level often emphasize keeping water above the minimum water level and reducing water level fluctuations, but ignore the purpose of maintaining the ecosystem's stability and health. In this paper, we developed a PCLake model to determine the optimal monthly ecological water level with the goals of stably achieving clear water and maintaining ecosystem health. We simulated the regime shifts between eutrophic and oligotrophic in China's Baiyangdian Lake, and determined that the critical P loadings during eutrophication and oligotrophication were 1.57 and 0.835 mg/m</span><sup>2</sup>/day, respectively. The annual and monthly optimal water levels ranged from 7.8 to 8.6 m and from 7.6 to 8.6 m, respectively. Our results provide a scientific basis for the ecological restoration of Baiyangdian Lake.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56070,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology","volume":"24 4","pages":"Pages 931-943"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125455020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paweł Marcinkowski, Mikołaj Piniewski, Mateusz Grygoruk, Dorota Mirosław-Świątek
{"title":"Climate change in the Biebrza Basin—Projections and ecohydrological implications","authors":"Paweł Marcinkowski, Mikołaj Piniewski, Mateusz Grygoruk, Dorota Mirosław-Świątek","doi":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2024.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2024.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the last decades observed climate change in Poland had a significant impact on the condition and functioning of the environment. Thus, it is crucial to analyze further future changes to be able to cope with the potential effects of changing climate conditions. In this study, we aimed to assess the impact of projected climate change on meteorological and hydrological conditions in the Biebrza Basin. We analyzed seasonal and annual changes in air temperature, precipitation, streamflow and flood characteristics using the hydrological Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. We examined projected changes for two future time horizons (2024–2050 and 2074–2100) under the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 using an ensemble of nine EURO<img>CORDEX model scenarios. Climate change projections indicated an increase in precipitation by up to +17 % (+117 mm) and air temperature by up to 3.8 °C by the end of the 21st century. In the analyzed flow gauges a considerable increase in low and mean flows is projected in the future. High flows are projected to slightly decrease for Sztabin, remain at a similar level for Dębowo and slightly increase for Osowiec and Burzyn. Flood area and volume will slightly increase in future horizons. The greatest increase in flood duration (by up to 16 days) is projected for RCP8.5 by the end of the 21st century. It seems, that the expected hydrological conditions, both in the short and long term, will become more stable and improve the conditions for the development of wetlands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56070,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology","volume":"24 4","pages":"Pages 796-807"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141027490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jinfeng Liang , Junhong Bai , Ling Zhang , Kegang Zhang , Chen Wang , Zhuoqun Wei , Yaqi Wang , Haizhu Liu
{"title":"Spatial variability of dissolved organic matter in the water-sediment systems in the Baiyangdian Lake","authors":"Jinfeng Liang , Junhong Bai , Ling Zhang , Kegang Zhang , Chen Wang , Zhuoqun Wei , Yaqi Wang , Haizhu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2022.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2022.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is widespread in natural water bodies and plays an essential role in ecological processes of </span>aquatic ecosystems<span><span>. However, spatial variability of DOM in shallow lakes is still kept unclear. Surface water, overlaying water and sediment samples were collected at 61 sampling sites in the whole Baiyangdian Lake to investigate spatial variability and distribution patterns of organic matter contents in three environmental compartments using geostatistical analysis. Results showed that organic matter (OM) contents in sediments were higher with medium variability, and lower DOM content occurred in surface water, with medium variability in overlying waters and high variability in surface waters. The highest DOM contents in waters and OM in sediments appeared in Zaolinzhung (ZLZ) and Zaozhadian (ZZD), respectively, while a relatively low contents appeared in ZLZ sediments. DOM in surface water and overlying water were negatively correlated with OM in sediments. Semi-variance functions showed that a strong spatial </span>autocorrelation<span> for DOM in waters, while OM in sediments had a medium spatial correlation. The autocorrelation distance of DOM in waters was between 1.16 km and 11.70 km, and OM in sediments was 4.25 km. The findings of this work can contribute to better understanding spatial variability of OM, which would provide a guidance for the sampling optimization of waters and sediments in the Baiyangdian Lake and lake sustainable management.</span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":56070,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology","volume":"24 4","pages":"Pages 857-863"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123706790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haizhu Liu , Junhong Bai , Kegang Zhang , Chen Wang , Jinfeng Liang , Ling Zhang , Yaqi Wang , Rong Xiao
{"title":"Heavy metal pollution and ecological risk assessment of surface sediments covered by emerged and submerged plants in a shallow lake","authors":"Haizhu Liu , Junhong Bai , Kegang Zhang , Chen Wang , Jinfeng Liang , Ling Zhang , Yaqi Wang , Rong Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2022.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2022.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surface sediments were collected to investigate the pollution levels and ecological risks of heavy metals (e.g., As, Ni, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, and Mn) in the surface sediments covered by emerged and submerged plants in the main areas of the Baiyangdian Lake. The results showed that Pb and Cd highly exceeded the background values of Hebei Province and had high pollution levels, while other heavy metals exhibited no pollution. With the exception of Mn, there was no significant difference in the concentrations of heavy metals in surface sediments between the emerged-plant and submerged-plant zones. The concentrations of heavy metals in Zaolinzhuang were relatively low, while those in Wangjiazhai, Nanliuzhuang and Shaochedian were relatively high. In the two plant zones, Cd in surface sediments posed a considerable risk at all sampling sites regardless of plant zones, followed by Pb with light pollution level. Correlation analysis and factor analysis results showed that all these heavy metals generally originated from three different sources in both plant zones, of which As, Cu and Zn had two sources in the emerged plant zones. Our findings indicate that Cd and Pb pollution of the Baiyangdian Lake should be given more attention to contribute to the environmental control and ecosystem conservation of the lake.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56070,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology","volume":"24 4","pages":"Pages 849-856"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129962803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}