Agronomy-Basel最新文献

{"title":"Field Cultivation of Medicinal Earthworms Increases Soil Large Macroaggregates and Subsurface Organic Carbon Storage","authors":"Lingyou Zhu, Menghao Zhang, Yiying Wang, Yuanye Xiao, Hesen Zhong, W. S. Xu, Jialong Wu, Qi Chao, Chi Zhang","doi":"10.3390/agronomy16020264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16020264","url":null,"abstract":"Field cultivation of medicinal earthworms is a distinctive agricultural practice in South China, characterized by large-scale rearing of the anecic earthworm species through substantial organic matter input. However, the effects of varying cultivation durations on soil organic carbon (SOC) distribution across aggregates and soil layers remain unclear. This study compared commercial cultivation plots with adjacent controls at two sites with different cultivation histories: Yangshan (6 months) and Yingde (12 months). Soil samples from three layers (0–20, 20–40, 40–60 cm) were wet-sieved into aggregate fractions for SOC and labile organic carbon (LOC) analysis. Results indicated that earthworm cultivation significantly enhanced the proportion of water-stable large macroaggregates, increased the organic carbon content within them, and elevated the overall SOC storage, particularly in subsurface layers (20–60 cm). The responses of LOC exhibited temporal variation, with a significant reduction observed only at the sites with longer cultivation duration. Overall, cultivation duration modulates the responses of labile carbon pools, whereas field cultivation of medicinal earthworms consistently promotes large macroaggregate formation and their carbon enrichment, increases total SOC stocks, drives subsurface carbon sequestration, and improves aggregate stability. These findings offer a practical strategy for enhancing soil carbon sinks in subtropical red soil ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":56066,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy-Basel","volume":"16 2","pages":"264-264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/16/2/264/pdf?version=1769077738","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147880300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Efficient and Green Ag/AgCl Nanoparticle Derived from Ginger Straw Waste Against Crop Soil-Borne Pathogens","authors":"Zhuhua Gong, Mingwan Liu, Qi Zhang, Yu Yu, Qinhong Liao, Lihui Jiang, H. Li, Zhexin LI, Ke Huang, Wenlin Zhang, Ying Liu","doi":"10.3390/agronomy16020254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16020254","url":null,"abstract":"Soil-borne pathogens significantly threaten crop production and global food security, while high-performance antipathogenic materials are scarce. In this study, green and efficient Ag/AgCl nanoparticles (Ag/AgCl-NPs) were developed using an aqueous extract of ginger-straw waste as the raw material. The synthesized Ag/AgCl-NPs exhibited a spherical morphology with an average size of approximately 40 nm, good crystal structure, and abundant surface groups. Additionally, they exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against representative soil-borne pathogens, including Ralstonia solanacearum (MIC = 20 μg/mL; MBC = 40 μg/mL) and Fusarium oxysporum (spore MIC = 20 μg/mL; mycelial EC50 = 64.596 μg/mL). The antimicrobial mechanism was attributed to cell membrane disruption and oxidative stress induction. This study provides an excellent antimicrobial agent for controlling crop soil-borne pathogens.","PeriodicalId":56066,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy-Basel","volume":"16 2","pages":"254-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/16/2/254/pdf?version=1769071561","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147381491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Microbial Coating Agents on Alfalfa Production Performance, Nutritional Quality, Soil Particle Size and Soil Enzyme Activity","authors":"Linghe Ji, Tuo Yao, Aolei He, Bingpeng Shen, M. Wang, Xuan Hou","doi":"10.3390/agronomy16020172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16020172","url":null,"abstract":"To screen efficient microbial coating formulations and explore their effects on the growth of alfalfa and soil properties, ‘Gannong No. 3’ alfalfa was used as the experimental material. A single-factor randomized block field experiment was conducted with eight treatments (CK as bare seeds, BC as adhesive filler coated agent, J1-J3 as rhizobium agent, growth-promoting bacteria agent, and rhizobium plus growth-promoting bacteria seed soaking, respectively, B1-B3 as rhizobium, growth-promoting bacteria, and rhizobium plus growth-promoting bacteria coating agents, respectively). This study analyzes the effects of different microbial coating formulations on alfalfa, including its production performance and nutritional quality, as well as on soil properties. Comprehensive analysis shows that the growth-promoting microbial coating (B2) is the optimal formulation. It can simultaneously optimize alfalfa production performance, enhance nutritional quality, improve soil particle composition, and increase soil enzyme activity, achieving a synergistic improvement of both alfalfa and the soil ecosystem. Its application effect is significantly better than other treatments and can provide important theoretical support and practical reference for the development and application of efficient microbial seed coatings in high-quality alfalfa cultivation.","PeriodicalId":56066,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy-Basel","volume":"16 2","pages":"172-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/16/2/172/pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147381890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Single-Drop Microextraction for the Determination of Triazine Herbicides in Environmental Waters","authors":"Xinyuan Bi, Wenying Wu, Xiaorong Xue, Xu Jing, Qiang Zhang","doi":"10.3390/agronomy16010107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16010107","url":null,"abstract":"A magnetic deep eutectic solvent-based single-drop microextraction technique coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (MDES-SDME-HPLC) was established for the determination of five triazine herbicides in environmental water samples. MDES, used as the extraction solvent, was composed of heptanoic acid, methyltrioctylammonium chloride, and iron chloride. This pretreatment method requires only 50 μL of MDES, thereby avoiding the use of large volumes of toxic organic solvents. The MDES containing the target triazine herbicides was rapidly separated from the aqueous matrix by applying an external magnetic force, thus eliminating the need for centrifugation or additional reagents to achieve phase separation. The method demonstrated a linear range of 0.2–20 μg L−1, with a limit of detection of 0.06 μg L−1. Recoveries obtained from different environmental water matrices ranged from 75.5% to 102.4%. The greenness of the method was confirmed using five independent green analytical assessment tools. This approach represents a green and efficient analytical technique for detecting triazine herbicides in environmental water samples.","PeriodicalId":56066,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy-Basel","volume":"16 1","pages":"107-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/16/1/107/pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147911400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herbivore-Induced Jasmonate Signaling Reduces Rice Resistance to the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens","authors":"X. WANG, Xinqiang Zhang, Vered Tzin, Lanzhi Han, Jingshun Wang, Yali Zhou, Kunpeng Zhang","doi":"10.3390/agronomy16010091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16010091","url":null,"abstract":"Sometimes, crop breeding varieties demonstrate high resistance to target insects under laboratory conditions but exhibit significantly low resistance in the field. This research aimed to explain this phenomenon based on inter-species interactions among insects, as herbivory by one insect species can trigger physiological changes in plants that enhance their attraction to other insect species. The striped stem borer (SSB), Chilo suppressalis (Walker), and the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), are pests of rice (Oryza sativa L.) that cause major losses in grain production. In this study, we investigated BPH performance and behavior on the planthopper-resistant rice variety “Mudgo” with pre-feeding of SSB. BPHs showed better growth and development, as well as feeding behavior, on SSB-damaged plants compared to undamaged plants. Then, gene expression and phytohormone analysis revealed that jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis was induced by SSB feeding. The JA pathway is a central defense signaling hub in rice responding to chewing herbivores like SSB; however, our findings reveal that its induction can have contrasting ecological consequences, inadvertently reducing resistance to a subsequent piercing-sucking pest (BPH). Finally, we discovered that volatile emissions induced by SSB damage attracted BPH and benefited its development. In summary, we found that JA biosynthesis triggered by SSB herbivory played a vital role in rice defense against BPH. This provides insight into the molecular and biochemical mechanisms underlying BPH preferences for SSB-damaged rice plants. Our study emphasizes the crucial role of inter-species interactions in enhancing host plant resistance to insect pests and evaluating germplasm resistance. These findings can serve as a basis for controlling BPH.","PeriodicalId":56066,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy-Basel","volume":"16 1","pages":"91-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/16/1/91/pdf?version=1767002427","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147897995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Insights into the Formation Mechanism of Continuous Cropping Obstacles in Dioscorea opposita Thunb. cv. Tiegun Yam from Rhizosphere Metabolites and Microflora","authors":"Pengfei Zhang, Wanghui Guan, Lili Han, Xiaoli Hu, XU Ai-ping, H. Holly Wang, X. W. Wang, Xiaoyan Jiao","doi":"10.3390/agronomy16010080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16010080","url":null,"abstract":"Continuous cropping (CC) poses serious challenges to the sustainable production of Dioscorea opposita Thunb. cv. Tiegun yam. The aim of this study is to illustrate the formation mechanisms of CC obstacles by analyzing rhizosphere soil from yam fields with 0 to 2 years of replanting. Metabolomic and microbiome sequences were used to assess variations in yam yield, underground tuber traits, soil properties, metabolite profiles, and microbial communities. The results show that CC significantly reduced tuber yield, shortened stalk length, and altered tuber morphology, leading to the accumulation of soil available phosphorus and potassium and a notable decrease in pH. A total of 38 differentially expressed metabolites, including organoheterocyclic compounds, lipids, and benzenoids, were identified and linked to pathways such as starch and sucrose metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and ABC transporters. Microbial alpha diversity increased with CC duration, and both bacterial and fungal community structures were notably reshaped. Metabolite profiles correlated more strongly with fungal than bacterial communities. Partial least squares path modeling revealed that CC years had a negative indirect impact on tuber yield and morphology (the path coefficient was −0.956), primarily through direct effects on soil properties (p < 0.01) and metabolites (p < 0.001), which, in turn, influenced microbial diversity. These findings emphasize the vital role of soil properties in reshaping the rhizosphere environment under CC and provide a theoretical basis for mitigating CC obstacles through rhizosphere regulation.","PeriodicalId":56066,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy-Basel","volume":"16 1","pages":"80-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147909260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water and Nitrogen Regulation of Tea Leaf Volatiles Influences Ectropis grisescens Olfaction","authors":"Wei Xie, Qiumei Shi, CHUANHUA Yin, Dongliang Li, Pumo Cai, Jizhou Wang, Shan Jin","doi":"10.3390/agronomy16010018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16010018","url":null,"abstract":"Global warming has increased outbreaks of the tea pest Ectropis grisescens. However, how water and nitrogen management modulates tea plant resistance against this pest through induced volatile organic compounds (VOCs) remains unclear. This study aimed to (1) characterize how water–nitrogen interactions alter the composition of VOCs in fresh leaves of Camellia sinensis cv. Rougui, and (2) identify key VOCs that mediate repellence against E. grisescens. Using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and olfactometry under three water and three nitrogen levels, we found that nitrogen effects on VOCs were contingent on water status. Four terpenoids—(+)-dihydrocarvone, myrcene, linalool, and β-ocimene—and one green-leaf volatile ((E)-3-hexenoic acid) significantly repelled E. grisescens, whereas hexanoic acid, 3-oxo-, ethyl ester acted as an attractant. Mechanistically, low-water–moderate-nitrogen and high-water–high-nitrogen treatments reduced repellent terpenoids and increased attractant VOCs, thereby elevating pest preference. These results demonstrate that water–nitrogen coupling shifts the balance between repellent and attractant volatiles, providing a physiological basis for manipulating tea plant resistance through agronomic management.","PeriodicalId":56066,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy-Basel","volume":"16 1","pages":"18-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/16/1/18/pdf?version=1766302110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waste Algae-Derived Biochar Composites for Synergistic Soil Cd–As Immobilization: Feasibility, Dose–Response Thresholds, and Mechanism","authors":"Xue Zhou, Lianfang Li, Mengqi Kang","doi":"10.3390/agronomy15122913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15122913","url":null,"abstract":"The antagonistic geochemical behaviors of cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) in co-contaminated soils complicate their simultaneous remediation. This study aimed to develop a synergistic immobilization strategy by converting Spirulina residue into a magnetic biochar-layered double hydroxide composite (FSRBL). The composite was applied to both acidic red and calcareous black soils, and its effects on Cd and As, immobilization efficiency, and ecotoxicity were evaluated. The results showed that FSRBL effectively transforms Cd and As from mobile fractions to stable residual forms. At a 2.5% application rate, FSRBL achieved remarkable immobilization efficiencies of 39.2% for Cd and 57.5% for As, representing effectiveness 3.55 and 5.97 times higher than that of unmodified biochar, respectively. A dose–response relationship between the application amount of FSRBL and the immobilization efficiency of As and Cd was observed and further quantified using a logistic model. The results indicate that while increased FSRBL application enhances immobilization efficiency, the marginal benefit of each additional unit diminishes as the application rate increases, demonstrating a significant diminishing marginal effect. According to the ecotoxicity assessment experiment, the soil leachate from FSRBL-amended soil remarkably decreased the ecological toxicity to rice (Oryza sativa L.). Mechanistic investigations employing SEM/TEM-EDS, XRD, and XPS revealed that the synergistic immobilization could be ascribed to the multi-component cooperation within FSRBL, which resolved the conflicting pH/Eh requirements for the immobilization of Cd and As: (1) the LDH phase efficiently immobilized As oxyanions through anion exchange and isomorphic substitution; (2) the magnetic Fe phase concurrently immobilized Cd2+ and As oxyanions via redox transformation and coprecipitation, resulting in the formation of precipitates such as Fe/Ca/Cd–As(V). This work demonstrates a feasible approach to upcycle biomass waste into a value-added material for sustainable remediation of Cd–As co-contaminated soil.","PeriodicalId":56066,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy-Basel","volume":"15 12","pages":"2913-2913"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147331598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lycium barbarum Residue Enhances Fermentation Quality and Antioxidant Activity of Alfalfa Silage","authors":"Yuanzhen Cheng, Tao Shao, Haobo Chen, Jie Zhao, Junfeng Li, Zhihao Dong","doi":"10.3390/agronomy15122839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15122839","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored the potential application of Lycium barbarum residue (LBR) in alfalfa silage, particularly focusing on its synergistic effects when combined with silage additives. Two controlled experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, four treatment groups were established with different LBR addition levels (0, 70, 140, 210 g/kg fresh weight, FW). Experiment 2 used the optimal LBR level identified (210 g/kg FW), and further investigated the effects of additive combinations. The treatments in this experiment included: (1) 210 g/kg FW LBR (CK), (2) a combination of 210 g/kg FW LBR with lactic acid bacteria (ALL), (3) a combination of 210 g/kg FW LBR with molasses (ALM), and (4) a combination of 210 g/kg FW LBR with both lactic acid bacteria and molasses (ALLM). The silage was ensiled for 7, 15, 30, and 90 days. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of LBR significantly enhanced silage fermentation quality. The 210 g/kg treatment exhibited the most favorable outcomes, characterized by the lowest pH, reduced ammonia nitrogen content, and the highest concentration of lactic acid. Additionally, 210 g/kg treatment showed increased levels of total phenolics and flavonoids, as well as enhanced antioxidant activities as measured by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity), ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity), and FRAP (ferric-reducing antioxidant power) assays. These improvements in bioactive compounds were positively correlated with lactic acid content and negatively associated with pH. Furthermore, in Experiment 2, the combined application of LAB and molasses along with LBR further optimized the silage quality, resulting in the lowest pH and ammonia nitrogen content, alongside a marked improvement in antioxidant capacity during the later ensiling stages. Overall, the study concludes that the inclusion of 210 g/kg LBR in combination with lactic acid bacteria and molasses effectively enhances both the fermentation process and the functional value of alfalfa silage, providing a scientific foundation for the utilization of agricultural byproducts.","PeriodicalId":56066,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy-Basel","volume":"15 12","pages":"2839-2839"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/12/2839/pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147878724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Exogenous Hormones on Endophytic Rhizobial Proliferation and Growth Promotion in Alfalfa","authors":"Yuanyuan Du, Wenjuan Kang, Shang-Li Shi, Yi-Lin Han, Jian Guan, Bao-Fu Lu, Bei Wu","doi":"10.3390/agronomy15122799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15122799","url":null,"abstract":"Endophytic rhizobia have the functions of dissolving organic phosphorus, secreting auxin, fixing nitrogen, and promoting growth. The proliferation of endophytic rhizobia in alfalfa and their symbiotic nodulation with alfalfa seedlings are regulated by various plant hormones. In this study, the alfalfa seeds (Medicago sativa L.) containing CFP-labeled rhizobium R.gn5f (isolated from the seeds of Gannong No.5 alfalfa) were used as materials, and the concentrations of 3-indoleacetic acid (3-IAA), 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and homobrassinolide (HBR) suitable for the growth of R.gn5f were used for seed soaking treatment, and distilled water was used as the control. The proliferation of endophytic rhizobium, plant nodulation, nitrogen fixation performance and plant growth ability of alfalfa at different growth stages were determined. The effects of hormone types and concentrations on the proliferation and nitrogen fixation of endophytic rhizobia were analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for accurately promoting the nodulation, nitrogen fixation and growth-promoting ability of endophytic rhizobia in seeds. The results showed that the optimal concentrations of 3-IAA, 6-BA and HBR were 12 mg·L−1, 16 mg·L−1 and 2.47 mg·L−1, respectively. The nitrogen fixation performance of endophytic rhizobium plants containing three hormones was higher at the branching stage and budding stage. The growth ability of the plant was better at the flowering stage. The hormone 2.47 mg·L−1 of HBR was beneficial to the proliferation, nodulation, nitrogen fixation and plant growth of endophytic rhizobia in alfalfa at the vegetative and reproductive growth stages, and the number of R.gn5 f in the seeds of HBR plants at the mature stage was the largest (281.25 CFU·g−1). Therefore, the hormone 2.47 mg·L−1 of HBR was better for the proliferation of endophytic rhizobia R.gn5 f and plant growth in alfalfa. These findings provide a theoretical basis for precisely leveraging the nodulation and nitrogen-fixing capabilities of seed-borne endophytic rhizobia, thereby laying a foundation for the symbiotic breeding of alfalfa and rhizobia.","PeriodicalId":56066,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy-Basel","volume":"15 12","pages":"2799-2799"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147899396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}