Agronomy-Basel最新文献

{"title":"Transcriptome Analysis and Identification of Key Genes Involved in Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Leaves of Upland Rice Seedlings of Landrace 17SM-19","authors":"Shiji Feng, Chuan Chen, Hongwei Xu, Li MaoBai, Zhiwei Chen","doi":"10.3390/agronomy16121172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16121172","url":null,"abstract":"Anthocyanins are important flavonoid compounds with significant antioxidant activity and ornamental value in rice. In this study, using upland rice landrace 17SM-19 as the material, the anthocyanin content in leaves was determined at the one-(S1) and two-leaf stages (S2). The anthocyanin content at S1 (43.37 U/g) was significantly higher than that at S2 (16.54 U/g). With S1 considered the control, a total of 9865 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the S2, among which 4702 were upregulated and 5163 were downregulated. Functional enrichment analyses revealed that these DEGs were significantly enriched in terms and pathways such as photosynthesis and ribosome. Screening of these DEGs identified 10 structural genes and four regulatory genes associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis. Quantitative real-time PCR verified the reliability of the transcriptome data. These results provide valuable clues for revealing the molecular mechanism underlying anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice leaves.","PeriodicalId":56066,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy-Basel","volume":"16 12","pages":"1172-1172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/16/12/1172/pdf?version=1781588602","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148305638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exogenous Abscisic Acid Modulates Physiological and Sugar Metabolic Responses to Alleviate Low-Light Injury in Cherry Tomato","authors":"Xin Yang, Jun Nie, Yuan Yu, Yuming Xie, Liangliang Shi, Yanhong Li","doi":"10.3390/agronomy16090928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16090928","url":null,"abstract":"Low-light (LL) stress is a major abiotic limiting factor in protected cherry tomato production, adversely affecting vegetative growth, inducing oxidative damage, and disrupting fruit sugar metabolism. To clarify the regulatory role of exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) in mitigating LL stress, we examined the effects of varying ABA concentrations on plant growth, antioxidant capacity, and fruit sugar metabolism in cherry tomatoes under low-light conditions. A two-factor randomized complete block design, with two light regimes—normal light (NL, 100% natural sunlight) and low light (LL, 25% natural sunlight)—and three ABA concentrations (CK: 0 mg·L−1, T1: 10 mg·L−1, T2: 20 mg·L−1). Fruits were sampled at three typical ripening stages (green mature, breaker, and red ripe) to evaluate vegetative and reproductive physiological responses. The results showed that exogenous ABA application effectively suppressed LL-induced excessive stem elongation and alleviated LL-caused reductions in stem diameter and biomass accumulation. ABA treatment significantly increased peroxidase (POD) activity and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation, thereby relieving LL-triggered oxidative damage. In addition, ABA regulated key sugar-metabolizing enzymes (soluble acid invertase (SAI), sucrose synthase (SS), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), and amylase (Amy)) and the transcript levels of related functional genes (HXK1, SPS, SS, AI), thereby mediating stage-dependent fruit sugar metabolism under LL stress. In conclusion, exogenous ABA effectively modulates vegetative growth, antioxidant homeostasis, and stage-specific fruit sugar metabolism, ultimately alleviating low-light stress damage in cherry tomato. Among the tested treatments, 20 mg·L−1 ABA exhibited the most pronounced mitigation effects, which can be recommended as an optimal foliar application concentration for cherry tomato cultivation in low-light protected facilities.","PeriodicalId":56066,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy-Basel","volume":"16 9","pages":"928-928"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/16/9/928/pdf?version=1777728521","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147967073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microtubule Dynamics Modulate Cold-Responsive Gene Expression in Brassica rapa","authors":"Xi Zhang, Xiaoyun Dong, Guoqiang Zheng, Qian Luo, Zefeng Wu, Jinxiong Wang, Junmei Cui, Yan Fang, Zigang Liu, Jiaping Wei","doi":"10.3390/agronomy16070698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16070698","url":null,"abstract":"Winter rapeseed (Brassica rapa L.) is an important crop for vegetable oil production in China. However, its productivity is frequently threatened by severe cold waves during winter. To investigate the role of the microtubule cytoskeleton in cold adaptation of winter rapeseed, a microtubule stabilizer paclitaxel (Tax) and a microtubule depolymerizer colchicine (Col) were sprayed on winter rapeseed and transgenic proBrAFP1 Arabidopsis, respectively. The mRNA levels of cold-induced genes, along with cell membrane stability, antioxidant enzyme activities, and hormone levels were assessed under cold stresses of 4 °C and −4 °C. The results showed that low temperature significantly activated the proBrAFP1 promoter activity and increased the mRNA levels of core cold signaling pathway genes, such as C-REPEAT BINDING FACTORS (CBFs), Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channel (CNGC), OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1) and Inducer of CBF EXPRESSION 1 (ICE1). Notably, under low-temperature stress, exogenous application of the microtubule stabilizer Tax markedly suppressed proBrAFP1-driven reporter activity in transgenic Arabidopsis, with consistent inhibition observed across both stem and leaf tissues; meanwhile, the Tax application alleviated reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and mitigated membrane damage. In contrast, under the same low-temperature stress, the Col treatment exacerbated oxidative stress, enhanced lipid peroxidation, and elevated membrane damage. Collectively, these findings establish that microtubule regulators play indispensable roles in the cold stress response of winter rapeseed. It provides new insights into the mechanism by which plant microtubule cytoskeleton regulators mediate the cold response.","PeriodicalId":56066,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy-Basel","volume":"16 7","pages":"698-698"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/16/7/698/pdf?version=1774525273","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147878992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal Diversity, Pathogenic Characteristics and Fungicide Sensitivity of Pathogens Isolated from Areca catechu L. Diseases in Hainan Island","authors":"Wending Zeng, Xiongkui He, Xuxiang Peng, Ziyue Yu, Jingping Li, Linhui Wang","doi":"10.3390/agronomy16060671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16060671","url":null,"abstract":"This study systematically identified the pathogenic fungi affecting Areca catechu in Hainan. Using diseased tissues from five regions, isolates were obtained using molecular methods, and their pathogenicity was confirmed using Koch’s postulates. We obtained 44 distinct fungal isolates from 9 genera. Fusarium (27.27%) and Colletotrichum (38.12%) were the dominant genera across all tissues. Twenty isolates were confirmed as pathogens. Key findings include the first report of Alternaria angustiovoidea and A. pogostemonis as areca leaf spot pathogens in China and the first confirmation of pathogenicity for three Fusarium species complexes (FSSC, FFSC, FIESC). Five Fusarium species are newly reported as pathogens in China. Cladosporium tenuissimum and Plectosphaerella cucumerina were confirmed for the first time to cause leaf spot. Fusarium, Colletotrichum, and Alternaria were core pathogens, all exhibiting high polygalacturonase and cellulase activity. The FFSC and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex (CGSC) showed broad-spectrum pathogenicity on tropical fruits. Fungicide sensitivity assays ranked efficacy as prochloraz > difenoconazole > tebuconazole > ethylicin > pyraclostrobin, with genus-specific responses observed. This research fills a systematic knowledge gap on areca fungal diseases in China, providing a crucial basis for precise control strategies and integrated management.","PeriodicalId":56066,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy-Basel","volume":"16 6","pages":"671-671"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147878298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature-Responsive Antimicrobial Nanofibrous Film Encapsulating Cinnamon Oil for Chinese Bayberry Preservation","authors":"Mengjie Bian, Xinhui Zhang, Chong Shi, Yushuai Wu, Yuyi Wang, Fuliang Cao, Donglu Fang, Weilin Li","doi":"10.3390/agronomy16050519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16050519","url":null,"abstract":"This research developed an active food packaging system featuring a tailored controlled-release mechanism. The system was fabricated using temperature-responsive poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PNVCL) nanofibers with a core-shell architecture. The resulting film incorporated cinnamon essential oil (CEO) as a natural preservative within a composite structure consisting of PNVCL, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polylactic acid (PLA) and CEO. The nanofiber film obtained via coaxial electrospinning exhibited a sandwich-like structure; the obtained fiber membrane is abbreviated as PP/PC, and the number represents the essential oil content. The PP/PC-4 composite demonstrated exceptional physical barrier properties and mechanical strength, with a WVP as high as 5.74 ± 0.37 (g·mm)/(m2·h·kPa). It also achieved the highest maximum force, elastic modulus, and tensile strength, recorded at 3.08 ± 0.31 N, 228.86 ± 15.46 MPa, and 5.26 ± 0.72 MPa, respectively, along with superior thermal stability. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed molecular interactions, specifically through C–H bonding, between the PLA/CEO core and the PNVCL shell layers. After 5 d of storage at 40 °C, the PP/PC-4 film retained substantial antibacterial efficacy. The antifungal efficacy demonstrated the highest performance, exceeding the control group by 32%. The weight loss rate on day four was 28%, significantly lower than other groups, while the hardness retention rate was 73% higher than the control group and 44% higher than PLA/CEO (4%). Application of this material prolonged the shelf life of Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra) by 4 d while enhancing key preservation metrics. Owing to its advanced barrier properties, mechanical performance and temperature-modulated release characteristics, this PNVCL-based nanofiber film demonstrated strong potential as an intelligent packaging material for prolonging the freshness of perishable food products.","PeriodicalId":56066,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy-Basel","volume":"16 5","pages":"519-519"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/16/5/519/pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147381583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Regulation of Nitrogen Fertilizer on the Physicochemical Properties and Metabolic Characteristics of Starch in Waxy and Non-Waxy Proso Millet","authors":"Jiao Mao, Jing Yang, Mengyao Wang, Meili Qin, Sichen Liu, Zhan Wang, Xiaoning Cao","doi":"10.3390/agronomy16050505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16050505","url":null,"abstract":"Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) has the characteristics of being drought-resistant and tolerant to poor soil conditions and a high nitrogen (N) utilization rate. It is an ideal crop for studying stress tolerance and nitrogen utilization. This research examined the regulatory effects of different N fertilizer treatments (0, 75, 150, 225, 300 kg·ha−1) on starch physicochemical properties and metabolic characteristics of waxy (Wutai Red proso millet, P1) and non-waxy proso millet (Ningmi No. 9, P2). The results showed that peak yields for P1 and P2 occurred at N applications of 225 kg·ha−1 and 150 kg·ha−1, respectively. As the amount of N applied increased, the proportion of long chains in P1 amylopectin first increased and then decreased, while P2 continued to rise. As the amount of N applied increased, the peak viscosity of P1 gradually decreased, while P2 showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. Metabolomics identified 814 metabolites including nonivamide in P1 and P2 under different N treatments. Under the suitable N fertilizer treatment, 130 metabolites, including myristoleic acid, arachidonic acid, and thromboxane B2, were identified in P1, and 98 metabolites, such as trigonelline, 16-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid, and p-anisaldehyde, were identified in P2. Suitable N regulated P1′s starch physicochemical properties via the tricarboxylic acid cycle, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate, and purine and one-carbon metabolism pathways, and P2′s via purine metabolism pathways. This research provides a theoretical basis for the efficient utilization of N fertilizer in proso millet and the cultivation of high-yield and high-quality millet.","PeriodicalId":56066,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy-Basel","volume":"16 5","pages":"505-505"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/16/5/505/pdf?version=1772024924","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147877754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exogenous Melatonin Enhances Salt Tolerance in Alfalfa Through Dynamic Coordination of Molecular and Physiological Responses","authors":"Chunhui Mao, Fenqi Chen, Xue Ha, Rong Gao, Huiling Ma","doi":"10.3390/agronomy16040436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16040436","url":null,"abstract":"Soil salinization severely constrains the productivity of Medicago sativa L. Although exogenous melatonin (MT) has been proven to effectively alleviate salt stress injury in plants, the molecular regulatory networks underlying its function during the early stages of stress response remain not fully elucidated. In this study, we systematically investigated the specific regulatory mechanisms of exogenous MT-mediated salt tolerance in alfalfa seedlings during the early phase (12–24 h) of salt stress by integrating physiological, biochemical, and transcriptomic analyses. The results showed that MT treatment significantly inhibited membrane lipid peroxidation (indicated by decreased MDA content) in leaves and upregulated the activities of antioxidant enzymes as well as the levels of osmoprotectants, such as soluble sugars. Transcriptomic (RNA-seq) analysis revealed that MT induced a precise strategy of temporal transcriptional reconfiguration. At the initial stage of stress (12 h), MT preferentially downregulated the expression of genes related to ribosome biogenesis and chromatin remodeling. This transcriptional suppression suggests that plants adopted an “energy saving strategy,” aiming to minimize basal metabolic consumption and potentially reallocate limited energy resources toward the antioxidant defense system. Subsequently, at 24 h, MT orchestrated the comprehensive activation of the ABA signaling cascade and secondary metabolic pathways, such as phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, thereby establishing a long-term chemical defense barrier. Furthermore, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified ABF2 and Susy as key hub genes mediating soluble sugar accumulation. This study elucidates the molecular basis by which melatonin enhances early salt tolerance in alfalfa through a temporal transition from an “energy-saving” strategy to “active defense,” providing new theoretical insights for the molecular breeding of stress resistance in leguminous forage crops.","PeriodicalId":56066,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy-Basel","volume":"16 4","pages":"436-436"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147381563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Record of Nysius ericae (Schilling) on Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis)","authors":"Lin Sukun, Lei Xiao, Zhixiang Wang, Wenbo Yang, Hui Yang, Lingyun Zhou, Yuanjiang Wang, Qiang Bao","doi":"10.3390/agronomy16040424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16040424","url":null,"abstract":"(1) Background: In recent years, new pests have been constantly emerging in tea trees, posing a significant threat to tea production. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor and investigate whether new pests have emerged in tea trees. (2) Methods: A new tea pest discovered in a tea garden was identified through mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequence analysis and observation of morphological characteristics. Its occurrence pattern was also analyzed in detail, and preliminary control methods were proposed. (3) Results: During the 2023 tea garden pest investigation, we discovered a new tea pest for the first time in a tea garden in Jiepai Town, Hengyang County, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, and identified it as Nysius ericae (Schilling). The results indicated that N. ericae was mainly fed on the upper leaves of tea trees, and high temperature and drought were suitable for its occurrence. Furthermore, various concentrations (1~16 mg/L) of matrine showed significant toxicity against N. ericae under laboratory conditions. (4) Conclusions: Our research has discovered for the first time a new pest of tea trees, providing an important scientific foundation for the monitoring, early warning, and prevention and control of N. ericae in tea gardens, which is of great significance for ensuring the ecological security and tea quality of tea gardens.","PeriodicalId":56066,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy-Basel","volume":"16 4","pages":"424-424"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/16/4/424/pdf?version=1770728032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147381908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slug Herbivory Induces Systemic Redox and Volatile Responses in Cabbage That Drive Chemotaxis of Slug-Parasitic Nematodes","authors":"M. Vidrih, Mitja Križman, Jan Senekovič, Stanislav Trdan, Andreja Urbanek Krajnc","doi":"10.3390/agronomy16030350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16030350","url":null,"abstract":"Slug herbivory is an important but poorly explored driver of plant defence and belowground multitrophic interactions. This study examined how aboveground feeding by Arion vulgaris and Deroceras reticulatum affects oxidative status, photosynthetic pigments, and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions in cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata), and whether these changes influence slug-parasitic nematodes. Slug feeding induced strong oxidative stress in leaves and roots, reflected by depletion of total ascorbate and glutathione contents and increased proportions of their oxidized forms, indicating a systemic redox imbalance. Photosynthetic pigments were also markedly affected, characterized by decreased chlorophylls and carotenoids and activation of the xanthophyll cycle towards more zeaxanthin, particularly in plants attacked by D. reticulatum. Headspace SPME–GC–MS analysis revealed tissue-specific, herbivory-induced shifts in VOC profiles. Based on these changes, three VOCs—3-phenylpropionitrile, allyl isothiocyanate, and 2-hexenal—were selected for chemotaxis assays. Behavioural experiments showed that VOC identity and nematode species markedly influenced motility and chemotactic responses. Phasmarhabditis papillosa exhibited the strongest attraction to 3-phenylpropionitrile, whereas allyl isothiocyanate acted as a weak repellent to P. papillosa, Oscheius myriophilus, and Oscheius onirici. In contrast, 2-hexenal elicited no consistent directional response. These results demonstrate that slug herbivory alters cabbage metabolism and volatile signalling, shaping species-specific nematode behaviour and highlighting its potential for sustainable slug management.","PeriodicalId":56066,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy-Basel","volume":"16 3","pages":"350-350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/16/3/350/pdf?version=1769780415","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147381570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Azadirachtin and Its Nanoformulation Reshape the Maize Phyllosphere Microbiome While Maintaining Overall Microbial Diversity","authors":"Ai-Ting Song, Yong Li, Hao Wu, Muhammad Zeeshan, Z. X. Zhang","doi":"10.3390/agronomy16030334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16030334","url":null,"abstract":"The phyllosphere microbiome is an important component of plant-associated ecosystems, and its structure is susceptible to biotic stress and agricultural interventions. However, the non-target effects of plant-derived pesticides and their nanoformulations on the phyllosphere microbial community remain unclear. By using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, we investigated the non-target effects of azadirachtin (Aza) and its nanoformulation (O-carboxymethyl chitosan-loaded azadirachtin, O-cmc-aza) on the phyllosphere microbial community of maize, including Spodoptera frugiperda herbivory stress (Attack) as an additional treatment. The results showed that all three treatments significantly altered the phyllosphere microbial community structure, while the overall microbial diversity indices remained stable. Specifically, the Attack treatment significantly enriched bacterial genera such as Akkermansia and Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia; the Aza treatment mainly increased the abundance of taxa such as Stenotrophomonas and Herbaspirillum, which have been associated in the literature with plant growth promotion; and the O-cmc-aza treatment specifically enriched microbial groups such as Ralstonia and Sphingomonas, which have been reported to include strains involved in pollutant degradation and nitrogen cycling, while reducing the ACE index but maintaining high community evenness. Our results indicated that azadirachtin and its nanoformulations induced compositional changes in the phyllosphere microbiome, without causing marked decline in microbial diversity. This study provides data support for evaluating plant-derived pesticides and nanoformulations with respect to their non-target effect on phyllosphere microbial communities in green agricultural systems.","PeriodicalId":56066,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy-Basel","volume":"16 3","pages":"334-334"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/16/3/334/pdf?version=1769674410","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147878826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}