{"title":"Temperature-Responsive Antimicrobial Nanofibrous Film Encapsulating Cinnamon Oil for Chinese Bayberry Preservation","authors":"Mengjie Bian, Xinhui Zhang, Chong Shi, Yushuai Wu, Yuyi Wang, Fuliang Cao, Donglu Fang, Weilin Li","doi":"10.3390/agronomy16050519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16050519","url":null,"abstract":"This research developed an active food packaging system featuring a tailored controlled-release mechanism. The system was fabricated using temperature-responsive poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PNVCL) nanofibers with a core-shell architecture. The resulting film incorporated cinnamon essential oil (CEO) as a natural preservative within a composite structure consisting of PNVCL, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polylactic acid (PLA) and CEO. The nanofiber film obtained via coaxial electrospinning exhibited a sandwich-like structure; the obtained fiber membrane is abbreviated as PP/PC, and the number represents the essential oil content. The PP/PC-4 composite demonstrated exceptional physical barrier properties and mechanical strength, with a WVP as high as 5.74 ± 0.37 (g·mm)/(m2·h·kPa). It also achieved the highest maximum force, elastic modulus, and tensile strength, recorded at 3.08 ± 0.31 N, 228.86 ± 15.46 MPa, and 5.26 ± 0.72 MPa, respectively, along with superior thermal stability. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed molecular interactions, specifically through C–H bonding, between the PLA/CEO core and the PNVCL shell layers. After 5 d of storage at 40 °C, the PP/PC-4 film retained substantial antibacterial efficacy. The antifungal efficacy demonstrated the highest performance, exceeding the control group by 32%. The weight loss rate on day four was 28%, significantly lower than other groups, while the hardness retention rate was 73% higher than the control group and 44% higher than PLA/CEO (4%). Application of this material prolonged the shelf life of Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra) by 4 d while enhancing key preservation metrics. Owing to its advanced barrier properties, mechanical performance and temperature-modulated release characteristics, this PNVCL-based nanofiber film demonstrated strong potential as an intelligent packaging material for prolonging the freshness of perishable food products.","PeriodicalId":56066,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy-Basel","volume":"16 5","pages":"519-519"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/16/5/519/pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147381583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agronomy-BaselPub Date : 2026-02-12DOI: 10.3390/agronomy16040436
Chunhui Mao, Fenqi Chen, Xue Ha, Rong Gao, Huiling Ma
{"title":"Exogenous Melatonin Enhances Salt Tolerance in Alfalfa Through Dynamic Coordination of Molecular and Physiological Responses","authors":"Chunhui Mao, Fenqi Chen, Xue Ha, Rong Gao, Huiling Ma","doi":"10.3390/agronomy16040436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16040436","url":null,"abstract":"Soil salinization severely constrains the productivity of Medicago sativa L. Although exogenous melatonin (MT) has been proven to effectively alleviate salt stress injury in plants, the molecular regulatory networks underlying its function during the early stages of stress response remain not fully elucidated. In this study, we systematically investigated the specific regulatory mechanisms of exogenous MT-mediated salt tolerance in alfalfa seedlings during the early phase (12–24 h) of salt stress by integrating physiological, biochemical, and transcriptomic analyses. The results showed that MT treatment significantly inhibited membrane lipid peroxidation (indicated by decreased MDA content) in leaves and upregulated the activities of antioxidant enzymes as well as the levels of osmoprotectants, such as soluble sugars. Transcriptomic (RNA-seq) analysis revealed that MT induced a precise strategy of temporal transcriptional reconfiguration. At the initial stage of stress (12 h), MT preferentially downregulated the expression of genes related to ribosome biogenesis and chromatin remodeling. This transcriptional suppression suggests that plants adopted an “energy saving strategy,” aiming to minimize basal metabolic consumption and potentially reallocate limited energy resources toward the antioxidant defense system. Subsequently, at 24 h, MT orchestrated the comprehensive activation of the ABA signaling cascade and secondary metabolic pathways, such as phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, thereby establishing a long-term chemical defense barrier. Furthermore, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified ABF2 and Susy as key hub genes mediating soluble sugar accumulation. This study elucidates the molecular basis by which melatonin enhances early salt tolerance in alfalfa through a temporal transition from an “energy-saving” strategy to “active defense,” providing new theoretical insights for the molecular breeding of stress resistance in leguminous forage crops.","PeriodicalId":56066,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy-Basel","volume":"16 4","pages":"436-436"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147381563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agronomy-BaselPub Date : 2026-02-10DOI: 10.3390/agronomy16040424
Lin Sukun, Lei Xiao, Zhixiang Wang, Wenbo Yang, Hui Yang, Lingyun Zhou, Yuanjiang Wang, Qiang Bao
{"title":"First Record of Nysius ericae (Schilling) on Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis)","authors":"Lin Sukun, Lei Xiao, Zhixiang Wang, Wenbo Yang, Hui Yang, Lingyun Zhou, Yuanjiang Wang, Qiang Bao","doi":"10.3390/agronomy16040424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16040424","url":null,"abstract":"(1) Background: In recent years, new pests have been constantly emerging in tea trees, posing a significant threat to tea production. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor and investigate whether new pests have emerged in tea trees. (2) Methods: A new tea pest discovered in a tea garden was identified through mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequence analysis and observation of morphological characteristics. Its occurrence pattern was also analyzed in detail, and preliminary control methods were proposed. (3) Results: During the 2023 tea garden pest investigation, we discovered a new tea pest for the first time in a tea garden in Jiepai Town, Hengyang County, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, and identified it as Nysius ericae (Schilling). The results indicated that N. ericae was mainly fed on the upper leaves of tea trees, and high temperature and drought were suitable for its occurrence. Furthermore, various concentrations (1~16 mg/L) of matrine showed significant toxicity against N. ericae under laboratory conditions. (4) Conclusions: Our research has discovered for the first time a new pest of tea trees, providing an important scientific foundation for the monitoring, early warning, and prevention and control of N. ericae in tea gardens, which is of great significance for ensuring the ecological security and tea quality of tea gardens.","PeriodicalId":56066,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy-Basel","volume":"16 4","pages":"424-424"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/16/4/424/pdf?version=1770728032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147381908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agronomy-BaselPub Date : 2026-01-30DOI: 10.3390/agronomy16030350
M. Vidrih, Mitja Križman, Jan Senekovič, Stanislav Trdan, Andreja Urbanek Krajnc
{"title":"Slug Herbivory Induces Systemic Redox and Volatile Responses in Cabbage That Drive Chemotaxis of Slug-Parasitic Nematodes","authors":"M. Vidrih, Mitja Križman, Jan Senekovič, Stanislav Trdan, Andreja Urbanek Krajnc","doi":"10.3390/agronomy16030350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16030350","url":null,"abstract":"Slug herbivory is an important but poorly explored driver of plant defence and belowground multitrophic interactions. This study examined how aboveground feeding by Arion vulgaris and Deroceras reticulatum affects oxidative status, photosynthetic pigments, and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions in cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata), and whether these changes influence slug-parasitic nematodes. Slug feeding induced strong oxidative stress in leaves and roots, reflected by depletion of total ascorbate and glutathione contents and increased proportions of their oxidized forms, indicating a systemic redox imbalance. Photosynthetic pigments were also markedly affected, characterized by decreased chlorophylls and carotenoids and activation of the xanthophyll cycle towards more zeaxanthin, particularly in plants attacked by D. reticulatum. Headspace SPME–GC–MS analysis revealed tissue-specific, herbivory-induced shifts in VOC profiles. Based on these changes, three VOCs—3-phenylpropionitrile, allyl isothiocyanate, and 2-hexenal—were selected for chemotaxis assays. Behavioural experiments showed that VOC identity and nematode species markedly influenced motility and chemotactic responses. Phasmarhabditis papillosa exhibited the strongest attraction to 3-phenylpropionitrile, whereas allyl isothiocyanate acted as a weak repellent to P. papillosa, Oscheius myriophilus, and Oscheius onirici. In contrast, 2-hexenal elicited no consistent directional response. These results demonstrate that slug herbivory alters cabbage metabolism and volatile signalling, shaping species-specific nematode behaviour and highlighting its potential for sustainable slug management.","PeriodicalId":56066,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy-Basel","volume":"16 3","pages":"350-350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/16/3/350/pdf?version=1769780415","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147381570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agronomy-BaselPub Date : 2026-01-21DOI: 10.3390/agronomy16020254
Zhuhua Gong, Mingwan Liu, Qi Zhang, Yu Yu, Qinhong Liao, Lihui Jiang, H. Li, Zhexin LI, Ke Huang, Wenlin Zhang, Ying Liu
{"title":"An Efficient and Green Ag/AgCl Nanoparticle Derived from Ginger Straw Waste Against Crop Soil-Borne Pathogens","authors":"Zhuhua Gong, Mingwan Liu, Qi Zhang, Yu Yu, Qinhong Liao, Lihui Jiang, H. Li, Zhexin LI, Ke Huang, Wenlin Zhang, Ying Liu","doi":"10.3390/agronomy16020254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16020254","url":null,"abstract":"Soil-borne pathogens significantly threaten crop production and global food security, while high-performance antipathogenic materials are scarce. In this study, green and efficient Ag/AgCl nanoparticles (Ag/AgCl-NPs) were developed using an aqueous extract of ginger-straw waste as the raw material. The synthesized Ag/AgCl-NPs exhibited a spherical morphology with an average size of approximately 40 nm, good crystal structure, and abundant surface groups. Additionally, they exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against representative soil-borne pathogens, including Ralstonia solanacearum (MIC = 20 μg/mL; MBC = 40 μg/mL) and Fusarium oxysporum (spore MIC = 20 μg/mL; mycelial EC50 = 64.596 μg/mL). The antimicrobial mechanism was attributed to cell membrane disruption and oxidative stress induction. This study provides an excellent antimicrobial agent for controlling crop soil-borne pathogens.","PeriodicalId":56066,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy-Basel","volume":"16 2","pages":"254-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/16/2/254/pdf?version=1769071561","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147381491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agronomy-BaselPub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.3390/agronomy16020172
Linghe Ji, Tuo Yao, Aolei He, Bingpeng Shen, M. Wang, Xuan Hou
{"title":"Effects of Microbial Coating Agents on Alfalfa Production Performance, Nutritional Quality, Soil Particle Size and Soil Enzyme Activity","authors":"Linghe Ji, Tuo Yao, Aolei He, Bingpeng Shen, M. Wang, Xuan Hou","doi":"10.3390/agronomy16020172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16020172","url":null,"abstract":"To screen efficient microbial coating formulations and explore their effects on the growth of alfalfa and soil properties, ‘Gannong No. 3’ alfalfa was used as the experimental material. A single-factor randomized block field experiment was conducted with eight treatments (CK as bare seeds, BC as adhesive filler coated agent, J1-J3 as rhizobium agent, growth-promoting bacteria agent, and rhizobium plus growth-promoting bacteria seed soaking, respectively, B1-B3 as rhizobium, growth-promoting bacteria, and rhizobium plus growth-promoting bacteria coating agents, respectively). This study analyzes the effects of different microbial coating formulations on alfalfa, including its production performance and nutritional quality, as well as on soil properties. Comprehensive analysis shows that the growth-promoting microbial coating (B2) is the optimal formulation. It can simultaneously optimize alfalfa production performance, enhance nutritional quality, improve soil particle composition, and increase soil enzyme activity, achieving a synergistic improvement of both alfalfa and the soil ecosystem. Its application effect is significantly better than other treatments and can provide important theoretical support and practical reference for the development and application of efficient microbial seed coatings in high-quality alfalfa cultivation.","PeriodicalId":56066,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy-Basel","volume":"16 2","pages":"172-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/16/2/172/pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147381890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Water and Nitrogen Regulation of Tea Leaf Volatiles Influences Ectropis grisescens Olfaction","authors":"Wei Xie, Qiumei Shi, CHUANHUA Yin, Dongliang Li, Pumo Cai, Jizhou Wang, Shan Jin","doi":"10.3390/agronomy16010018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16010018","url":null,"abstract":"Global warming has increased outbreaks of the tea pest Ectropis grisescens. However, how water and nitrogen management modulates tea plant resistance against this pest through induced volatile organic compounds (VOCs) remains unclear. This study aimed to (1) characterize how water–nitrogen interactions alter the composition of VOCs in fresh leaves of Camellia sinensis cv. Rougui, and (2) identify key VOCs that mediate repellence against E. grisescens. Using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and olfactometry under three water and three nitrogen levels, we found that nitrogen effects on VOCs were contingent on water status. Four terpenoids—(+)-dihydrocarvone, myrcene, linalool, and β-ocimene—and one green-leaf volatile ((E)-3-hexenoic acid) significantly repelled E. grisescens, whereas hexanoic acid, 3-oxo-, ethyl ester acted as an attractant. Mechanistically, low-water–moderate-nitrogen and high-water–high-nitrogen treatments reduced repellent terpenoids and increased attractant VOCs, thereby elevating pest preference. These results demonstrate that water–nitrogen coupling shifts the balance between repellent and attractant volatiles, providing a physiological basis for manipulating tea plant resistance through agronomic management.","PeriodicalId":56066,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy-Basel","volume":"16 1","pages":"18-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/16/1/18/pdf?version=1766302110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agronomy-BaselPub Date : 2025-12-18DOI: 10.3390/agronomy15122913
Xue Zhou, Lianfang Li, Mengqi Kang
{"title":"Waste Algae-Derived Biochar Composites for Synergistic Soil Cd–As Immobilization: Feasibility, Dose–Response Thresholds, and Mechanism","authors":"Xue Zhou, Lianfang Li, Mengqi Kang","doi":"10.3390/agronomy15122913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15122913","url":null,"abstract":"The antagonistic geochemical behaviors of cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) in co-contaminated soils complicate their simultaneous remediation. This study aimed to develop a synergistic immobilization strategy by converting Spirulina residue into a magnetic biochar-layered double hydroxide composite (FSRBL). The composite was applied to both acidic red and calcareous black soils, and its effects on Cd and As, immobilization efficiency, and ecotoxicity were evaluated. The results showed that FSRBL effectively transforms Cd and As from mobile fractions to stable residual forms. At a 2.5% application rate, FSRBL achieved remarkable immobilization efficiencies of 39.2% for Cd and 57.5% for As, representing effectiveness 3.55 and 5.97 times higher than that of unmodified biochar, respectively. A dose–response relationship between the application amount of FSRBL and the immobilization efficiency of As and Cd was observed and further quantified using a logistic model. The results indicate that while increased FSRBL application enhances immobilization efficiency, the marginal benefit of each additional unit diminishes as the application rate increases, demonstrating a significant diminishing marginal effect. According to the ecotoxicity assessment experiment, the soil leachate from FSRBL-amended soil remarkably decreased the ecological toxicity to rice (Oryza sativa L.). Mechanistic investigations employing SEM/TEM-EDS, XRD, and XPS revealed that the synergistic immobilization could be ascribed to the multi-component cooperation within FSRBL, which resolved the conflicting pH/Eh requirements for the immobilization of Cd and As: (1) the LDH phase efficiently immobilized As oxyanions through anion exchange and isomorphic substitution; (2) the magnetic Fe phase concurrently immobilized Cd2+ and As oxyanions via redox transformation and coprecipitation, resulting in the formation of precipitates such as Fe/Ca/Cd–As(V). This work demonstrates a feasible approach to upcycle biomass waste into a value-added material for sustainable remediation of Cd–As co-contaminated soil.","PeriodicalId":56066,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy-Basel","volume":"15 12","pages":"2913-2913"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147331598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of Co-Existing Microplastics on Adsorption–Desorption Behavior of Perfluorooctanoic Acid in Soil: Co-Sorption and Mechanism Insight","authors":"Wei Zhao, Guilan Chen, Jing Jiao, Zhihai Liu, Yuanming Zhou, Guocheng Liu, Chengzhi Zhou, Qinghua Yan, Shuaishuai Xin, Yanjun Xin, Qianwen Wang","doi":"10.3390/agronomy15122802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15122802","url":null,"abstract":"Microplastics (MPs) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are ubiquitously present in agroecosystems, which can cause varying degrees of environmental damage. This study reports the investigation of the effect of MPs on PFOA adsorption by soil. A comprehensive analysis was performed on the adsorption–desorption dynamics of PFOA by MPs and soil under different conditions. The surface morphology of MPs and their interaction with PFOA were characterized. Irregularly shaped MPs facilitated accurate simulation of real-world conditions, influencing the adsorption quantity of PFOA in soil. Additionally, the peak intensity of various preadsorption and post-adsorption MP functional groups was altered, indicating that MPs augmented PFOA adsorption. The kinetics of PFOA adsorption followed the quasi-second-order reaction, and the isotherm data aligned well with the Freundlich model. This study reveals the mechanism by which the co-sorption of PFOA and MPs in agroecosystems affects their respective environmental behaviors, providing basic research data for the control of pollutants in agroecosystem soil.","PeriodicalId":56066,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy-Basel","volume":"15 12","pages":"2802-2802"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147334121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agronomy-BaselPub Date : 2025-11-28DOI: 10.3390/agronomy15122746
Longfei Liu, Xinyu Jiang, Tianyu Lu, Jinzhao Ma
{"title":"Agricultural Waste for Remediation of Neonicotinoid Pollution: Mechanisms and Environmental Effects of Multi-Site Adsorption of Dinotefuran on Rice Husk Biochar","authors":"Longfei Liu, Xinyu Jiang, Tianyu Lu, Jinzhao Ma","doi":"10.3390/agronomy15122746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15122746","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing contamination of neonicotinoid pesticides in the environment has become a growing concern, and biochar is considered a promising strategy for removing these pollutants. This study converted waste rice husks into biochar (RHB) via pyrolysis at 400–600 °C under anaerobic conditions, using dinotefuran (DIN) as a representative neonicotinoid. The physicochemical properties of RHB and its adsorption mechanisms for DIN were systematically investigated. Results showed that higher pyrolysis temperatures increased the specific surface area, microporosity, and aromaticity of biochar, while altering the distribution of surface functional groups. RHB prepared at 600 °C (RHB600) exhibited the highest adsorption capacity. The adsorption process followed the Sips isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, indicating a spontaneous and endothermic process involving heterogeneous physic–chemical adsorption. The primary mechanisms included pore filling, π–π interactions, and hydrogen bonding. The sequence of functional group response during DIN adsorption was C–O > C=C > C=O > –OH. Environmental factors such as solution pH and humic acid concentration significantly influenced adsorption, while phosphate ions caused strong competitive inhibition. An artificial neural network model accurately predicted adsorption under multiple interacting factors, and RHB600 demonstrated good regeneration after ethanol elution. This study confirms that RHB is an effective and practical adsorbent, providing a technical reference for agricultural waste valorization and pesticide-polluted water remediation.","PeriodicalId":56066,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy-Basel","volume":"15 12","pages":"2746-2746"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}