Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Understanding and addressing intimate partner violence: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Asmatullah Khan, Muhammad Akram","doi":"10.1186/s13010-025-00175-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13010-025-00175-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) remains a pervasive and distressing societal issue with far-reaching physical, emotional, and psychological consequences. This paper delves into the complex dynamics of IPV, aiming to enhance the comprehension of its root causes, contributing factors, and various manifestations. By synthesizing multidisciplinary research, it highlights the role of societal norms, cultural influences, and individual psychological traits in perpetuating such violence. Moreover, the paper elucidates the impact of IPV on survivors, children, families, and communities, emphasizing the urgent need for comprehensive intervention strategies. Drawing upon psychological, sociological, and criminological perspectives, the outlines existing theoretical frameworks that seek to explain the underlying mechanisms of IPV. It explores the cyclical nature of violence, power and control dynamics, as well as the intersectionality of factors such as gender, socioeconomic status, and race. By examining the various forms of IPV, including physical, emotional, sexual, and financial abuse, the paper underscores the importance of recognizing the subtler, non-physical forms of violence. In addressing IPV, evaluate the effectiveness of prevention and intervention programs across different contexts. It emphasizes the significance of early education, awareness campaigns, and policy initiatives in reshaping societal attitudes and dismantling cycles of violence. Additionally, the paper examines support systems for survivors, from crisis intervention and shelters to counseling and legal assistance, while considering the unique needs of marginalized and vulnerable populations.Ultimately, this paper underscores the urgent necessity for a holistic and collaborative approach to eradicating IPV. By understanding its intricate underpinnings and consequences, society can work collectively to challenge ingrained norms, promote healthy relationships, and provide survivors with the resources they need to rebuild their lives. Through a comprehensive exploration of IPV, this paper contributes to the ongoing discourse surrounding this critical issue and advocates for a future free from the shackles of intimate partner violence.</p>","PeriodicalId":56062,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12676874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145679694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral lesions and related risk factors in Palestine-Gaza.","authors":"Hamed Mortazavi, Samaneh Khanehmasjedi","doi":"10.1186/s13010-025-00204-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13010-025-00204-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56062,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12673747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145662948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Looking back at resignation syndrome: the rise and fall of a culture-bound endemic.","authors":"Karl Sallin","doi":"10.1186/s13010-025-00209-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13010-025-00209-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Resignation syndrome was endemic to Sweden for more than two decades. This paper explores how it emerged, sustained, and disappeared. Conceived to be caused by trauma and the stress of migration, permanent residency was considered necessary for recovery and became part of treatment. However, respecting national borders, affecting only some migrant groups, and with child abuse and feigned illness to gain asylum exposed, the understanding of the endemic shifted and aspects other than trauma and stress were acknowledged. Migration policy was altered with permanent residency permits replaced by temporary, and in legal procedures for residency, little weight was awarded to resignation syndrome. Management came to centre around child protection and sometimes involved separation of patient and family. The asylum procedure was kept separate from treatment. The strategy was found effective. Invoking residency as a part of treatment was suggested to have generated simulation but also expectations in turn producing and maintaining symptoms. In effect, as the illness-driving narrative and the incentivising medicolegal practice were reversed, the endemic faded. The thesis here put forward is that resignation syndrome was a condition created, maintained, and reversed by society. However, it is not the first, nor is it the last. Trending illness manifestations in general may benefit from a constructivist analysis, the resignation syndrome example showcases how, and that mitigation is possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":56062,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12670723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145643232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The problem of moral obligation to preserve or erase memories in trauma treatment.","authors":"Junjie Yang","doi":"10.1186/s13010-025-00203-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13010-025-00203-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People who have experienced traumatic events often suffer from the burden of painful memories. Recent advances in neuropharmaceuticals and neurotechnologies have enabled the modification and even erasure of traumatic memories, raising both therapeutic hopes and ethical concerns. One view argues that individuals have a moral obligation to preserve traumatic memories; therefore, erasing such memories amounts to an evasion of moral obligations and is therefore unacceptable. However, neither deontological ethics nor rule consequentialism can justify the claim that patients have an obligation to preserve their traumatic memories. In fact, memory erasure, as a transformative experience, situates individuals within a context of decision-making under uncertainty, thereby highlighting their moral obligations to themselves. Trauma survivors may seek memory erasure technologies as a way of honoring their moral obligations to their past, present, and future selves. In this sense, such interventions may be regarded as morally permissible.</p>","PeriodicalId":56062,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12593934/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145460752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women's health in colonial assam: print, medicine, and indigenous practices.","authors":"Raktima Bhuyan","doi":"10.1186/s13010-025-00183-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13010-025-00183-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The advent of colonialism in Assam was followed with its putative benefits - print and western biomedicine being the major subjects in this article. That is not to say that there was no \"literacy awareness,\" (Stark 13) reading practice, or indigenous medical practices before colonial powers set their feet in Assam, or that these were completely abandoned due to colonialism. In fact, colonialism and indigenous practices existed simultaneously. This paper looks at the intersectionality of gender, medicine and print in colonial Assam with reference to 'masculine' writings available in print. The focus is on onerous (and equally ambivalent) theories with regard to women's bodies, the consequent misreadings regarding their health and prescriptions for health and hygiene, as well as an insistence on the necessity of care towards women in a few of these writings. With the introduction of western biomedical practices and subsequent funds and scholarships, inequities in healthcare were visible and detectable. The paper analyses the literature of the time as alternative strategies to deal with women's health, given that healthcare facilities were not available to a large section of the population which sanctioned the popularity of manuals, primers, and essays catering to the subject of women's health. With specific sections devoted to the intersectionality of colonialism with gender, medical culture, and print, these texts are analysed in the light of perspectives ranging from medical misogyny to literary merit.</p>","PeriodicalId":56062,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12587610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145446584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The whole person beneath the drapes: a philosophical reflection on human-centeredness in the operating room.","authors":"Saeid Amini Rarani","doi":"10.1186/s13010-025-00202-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13010-025-00202-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the highly technical and time-pressured environment of the operating room (OR), patients may risk becoming physically present yet experientially absent and ontologically overlooked. \"Experiential absence\" refers to the loss of the patient's subjectivity when their voice and awareness are silenced under anesthesia, while \"ontological absence\" refers to the erosion of their recognition as a person of inherent moral worth. Drapes, protocols, and clinical shorthand can unintentionally reinforce this absence. While such detachment supports surgical focus, it raises pressing ethical questions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This paper undertakes a philosophical reflection drawing on René Descartes' Meditations and Carl Rogers' humanistic psychology. Primary texts from both authors are engaged to examine how Cartesian dualism has shaped depersonalizing tendencies in biomedicine, and how Rogers' principles of empathy, authenticity, and unconditional positive regard can reframe ethical care in surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three interrelated dimensions are identified. First, the paper distinguishes between necessary clinical objectivity and harmful detachment, arguing that the latter undermines ethical regard. Second, it reconceptualizes the anesthetized patient as morally present despite unconsciousness, emphasizing that vulnerability under anesthesia heightens the ethical duty of care. Third, it reframes the surgical team as a therapeutic environment, where interpersonal respect and psychological safety influence how patient dignity is upheld.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Integrating Rogers' philosophy into the OR does not compromise technical precision but deepens it with moral clarity. By recognizing both the experiential silence and the ontological presence of the anesthetized patient, surgical teams can align technical excellence with ethical responsibility. This perspective expands patient-centered care into a more robust person-centered ethic, positioning surgery not only as a technical intervention but also as a profoundly moral encounter.</p>","PeriodicalId":56062,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12587664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145453645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging, challenges and modernization path of gene privacy in China: from personal privacy to group privacy.","authors":"Jiajv Chen, Wei Li","doi":"10.1186/s13010-025-00201-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13010-025-00201-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genetic data, which contains human life codes, is the most fundamental privacy of individuals and is therefore protected by the right to privacy. However, given the diverse subjects involved in genetic data, traditional individualistic privacy regulations face challenges in practise, posing a global dilemma on effective gene privacy protection. Over the past three decades, China has seen rapid development in the concepts of privacy and gene privacy. Genetic data is inherently classified as private data, entitled to protection under CCC and CPIPL. China adopts an informed consent model rooted in individualism for gene privacy protection, yet faces triple dilemmas in practice, including inadequate protection for individuals, insufficient safeguards for societal interests, and benefit-sharing imbalances. Going forward, China should first shift its governance philosophy from individualism to group dimension; second, further restrict individuals' self-determination over genetic data; and finally, give full play to its existing organizational structure, public interest litigation system, and the role of groups in safeguarding benefit-sharing.</p>","PeriodicalId":56062,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12584249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145446610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical expertise as hybrid expertise: a proposal for the articulation of medical knowledge.","authors":"Ana Cuevas-Badallo, Obdulia Torres González","doi":"10.1186/s13010-025-00194-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13010-025-00194-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medical expertise is traditionally understood through two main epistemic perspectives: propositional-cognitive knowledge, which emphasizes scientific and theoretical understanding, and practical-experiential knowledge, which is rooted in experience and tacit skills. Existing models often focus on one of these dimensions, failing to capture the full complexity of medical expertise. This study proposes a hybrid expertise (HE) framework that integrates both forms of knowledge, offering a more comprehensive characterization of how expertise is acquired and applied in medical practice. This study employs a theoretical-analytical approach, drawing from established distinctions in epistemology, such as know-how vs. know-that, tacit vs. explicit knowledge, and declarative vs. procedural knowledge. This perspective aligns with related concepts such as adaptive expertise (AE) and interdisciplinary expertise (IE). Additionally, we challenge the assumption that all medical students can become experts with proper training, arguing that expertise requires exceptional performance beyond mere competence. This perspective has important implications for medical education, emphasizing the need for curricula that balance theoretical instruction with experiential learning. These insights contribute to a more nuanced understanding of expertise, with potential applications in medical training, policy-making, and healthcare practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":56062,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12584328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145446591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Being a woman researcher in dangerous laboratories: biosafety level 3 and tuberculosis.","authors":"Kübra Yıldırım, Orhan Koçak, Meltem Baran, Cemilenur Ataş, Esra Tanyel Akçit, Majda Licina, Nurgül Bozkurt, Mustafa Çoban, Mehmet Akif Gün, Seçkin Özler, Tarana Oktan, Ece Şimşek, Ahmet Yılmaz Çoban","doi":"10.1186/s13010-025-00177-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13010-025-00177-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Studies on the tuberculosis pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacillus require a biosafety level 3 laboratory. This study aims to investigate the gender distribution of researchers working in the most hazardous tuberculosis laboratory.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, the original articles indexed in Web of Science between 1970 and 2021, which include phenotypic testing methods in which the susceptibility results of drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis are determined, were reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As a result of our analysis, it was found that female researchers were included as first name in the publications at a rate of 49%, unlike other fields of science, and 51% came from lower-middle-income and upper-middle-income countries. According to the incidence rates announced by the World Health Organization in the years when the articles were published, it was seen that female researchers participated in more studies in regions with a high incidence of tuberculosis to ('x̄' = 89.94).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to our data, it was found that the proportion of female researchers was high in the laboratory with a high risk of contamination of biosafety level 3. The high proportion of female researchers in hazardous areas is striking.</p>","PeriodicalId":56062,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12551203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145356859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The differential effect of sources of social support on postpartum depression: the mediating role of resilience.","authors":"Hana Khaled Aman","doi":"10.1186/s13010-025-00190-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13010-025-00190-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postpartum depression has a rising global prevalence. Although it receives respectable attention in research, it is not adequately considered in practice. Perceived social support is among the most influential protective factors of PPD; however, the role of sources of social support in the development of PPD is not yet fully discovered. Therefore, this research aims to identify the differential effects of the sources of social support on symptoms of PPD while also investigating the mediating role of resilience.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data analysed In this study were collected from 197 women with parturition within six weeks to a year, aged 25 to 41 (M = 30.36, SD = 3.703). Participants were recruited from public and private hospitals and clinics specializing in paediatric and obstetrics/gynaecology care in Cairo, Egypt, and through social media support groups for pregnant and postpartum women. Data were collected using the Arabic multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS), the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ) 'Resilience' subscale. Multiple linear regression and mediation analyses by structural equation model (SEM) were performed to test the study's hypotheses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Friends' social support was the only significant source in the regression model (β = -.242, t = -3.297, p < .001). However, the overall model was also significant (F (3, 193) = 11.692, p < .001). Resilience significantly and partially mediated the relationship between support from significant others (SO) and PPD symptoms (β = -.042, 95% CI [-0.080, -0.004], z = -2.159, p < .031). However, resilience did not indirectly influence the relationship between family support and PPD symptoms (β = -.025, 95% CI [-0.058, 0.008], z = -1.494, p < .135) and family support and PPD symptoms (β = -.027, 95% CI [-0.056, -0.002], z = -1.830, p < .067) were not significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Perceived social support from friends significantly predicts PPD symptoms. The support from significant others impacts symptoms of postpartum depression directly and indirectly through resilience. These findings emphasize social support as protective against PPD risk and enhancing for resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":56062,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12551333/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145356913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}