Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Integrating health humanities in medical education: a narrative scoping review of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences and global perspectives.","authors":"SeyedAmir Mohseni, Siavash Moradi, Fattane Amuei","doi":"10.1186/s13010-026-00216-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13010-026-00216-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The medical humanities are an interdisciplinary field that combines the humanities, social sciences, and arts with medical education and practice. It fosters a multidisciplinary understanding of the human condition, patient suffering, the roles of healthcare professionals, and the community surrounding them. Familiarity with the humanities enhances physicians’ perspectives, communication skills, understanding of patients, and overall quality of healthcare. This article reviews the general and health humanities courses offered at the Faculty of Medicine at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (MAZUMS) in Iran, and those available worldwide. New incremental courses have been introduced at MAZUMS, along with early-stage integrated approaches. Our study of universities worldwide examined medical schools across the US, Canada, Europe, the UK, China, Taiwan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Africa, and Australia. It aimed to understand how health humanities are organized, their importance, and their benefits. We found that while Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences recently added health humanities courses, integration remains limited compared to leading institutions. The study demonstrates that incorporating health humanities enhances empathy, reflective skills, and patient care. These findings suggest that a structured approach can fill gaps, improve medical education in Iran as well as many countries, and align it with global standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":56062,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13134251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Views of suffering among medical students.","authors":"Hayley Seeno, Eli Blaney, Christian Hu, Matthew Lawler, Anjali Joseph, Sai Geetika Guturu, Ashley Liefer-Tennant, Tabitha Diehl, Christina Heid, Benjamin Kash, John McCarthy, Christopher Krall","doi":"10.1186/s13010-026-00219-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13010-026-00219-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Medical students are exposed to human suffering more frequently and intensely than before they began their training, but they are often not sufficiently educated for these experiences. To our knowledge, perspectives of suffering among medical students have never been explored or classified. We aimed to measure and describe the philosophical and religious views of human suffering among medical students. METHODS: First- through fourth-year medical students at a midwestern medical school were asked to complete an anonymous survey about their views of suffering using the Views of Suffering Scale. Information regarding student demographics, specialty interests, previous experiences, raised religious identities, and current religious identities were collected and evaluated against ten subscales common to specific religious and non-religious groups. RESULTS: Students identifying with a religious tradition tended to endorse suffering perspectives consistent with that tradition, while atheist and agnostic students were more likely to endorse Random and Unorthodox perspectives. Compared to preclinical medical students, clinical students reported higher scores for the subscales of Limited Knowledge, Providence, and Soul-Building. CONCLUSIONS: Students differed in suffering perspectives, especially by religious identity and preclinical and clinical cohorts. This study provides a foundation to further explore beliefs about suffering among healthcare trainees and how these beliefs may influence patient care and student resilience. </p>","PeriodicalId":56062,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13126842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147790274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in healthcare, dentistry, and orthodontics; is it an opportunity or a threat? An epistemological review.","authors":"Muhammed Al-Huda Ballouk, Mohamed Altinawi","doi":"10.1186/s13010-026-00218-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13010-026-00218-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Helpless, the human race stands in front of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that has invaded us and evaded our defences, leaving the world stranded and surrendering to each and every mobile app notification suggesting any persuasive personalised contents, for instance. Wherever we go nowadays, we cannot but touch the deep impact, positive and negative, on all life aspects, including healthcare and our well-being. The dental field is no exception to that, with its favourite child and first specialisation that rests in its heart of hearts, orthodontics, being also hit and beaten by AI. This epistemological review spots the light on the use of AI as an overall experience whether in healthcare, medicine, or even dentistry, but more specifically in the orthodontic arena, and discusses possible advantages and disadvantages as well as future threats and challenges with the eye of a critical philosophical approach and the lens of a fundamental debate-based discussion. Various studies have been collected from different databases to support the detailed arguments presented, showing the different rationalities, and irrationalities, concerning the use of AI.</p>","PeriodicalId":56062,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13072541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147678773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seeing differently: (De)Constructing cultural narratives of blindness in al-Kīt Kāt and Scent of a Woman.","authors":"Samar Abdelsalam, Noha F Abdelmotagally","doi":"10.1186/s13010-026-00211-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13010-026-00211-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While disability studies have significantly evolved over the past few decades, cinematic representations of people with disabilities, particularly in Egypt, still remains an understudied area. Thus, the present paper uses the cultural model of disability to comparatively analyse two culturally diverse films that feature visually impaired protagonists; namely, the Egyptian al-Kīt Kāt (1991) and the American Scent of a Woman (1992). The study investigates the lives of two males who experience blindness after having been sighted, and analyses their culturally-constructed impairment, submission to/subversion of mainstream stereotypes, control (or lack thereof) of the metanarrative of blindness, and the effect of their impairment on the quality of their lives and the lives of those around them. It concludes that the films contribute to deconstructing dominant ableist narratives critiqued within disability studies, offering representations of blindness that are empathetic, multidimensional, and resistant to cultural stereotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":56062,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13045026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147610766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An unyielding voice: illness and late style in Radwa Ashour's Athqal min Radwa (Heavier than Radwa).","authors":"Fadwa AbdelRahman","doi":"10.1186/s13010-026-00210-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13010-026-00210-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Does late style reflect experience, mastery, and wisdom? Does it represent a culmination of effort and closure—or, as Edward Said affirms, “intransigence, difficulty, and unresolved contradiction?” (Late 7) The proposed paper attempts to answer these questions in relation to Radwa Ashour’s autobiography Athqal min Radwa or Heavier than Radwa (2013) and in the light of Said’s theory of Late style. In this context, it aims to examine, through the field of medical humanities, the relation between illness and lateness on the one hand, and style, on the other. Written as it is under the shadow of turmoil and unrest both on the personal and public levels, it offers a rare opportunity to closely examine how Ashour chooses to approach long-standing political, academic and intellectual questions that have always been at the core of her writing endeavor. The paper questions the universality of the features attributed to late style and how far they fit Ashour’s text.</p>","PeriodicalId":56062,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13001193/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147488686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of Ascending-Descending-Exiting-Entering in Yi Xue Zhong Zhong Can Xi Lu: from classical philosophical theory to a novel diagnostic framework.","authors":"Gedi Zhang, Hongning Liu","doi":"10.1186/s13010-026-00212-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13010-026-00212-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>“Medical Records of Integrating Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine: Yi Xue Zhong Zhong Can Xi Lu” (abbreviated as YXZZCXL), authored by the influential physician Xichun Zhang, a pioneering authority on the integration of Chinese and Western medicine, enriched the path of integrated medicine. The formulas documented in this work are renowned as “formulas of proven efficacy” with excellent clinical efficacy, playing a significant role in the development of modern Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). This raises a key question: what is the most effective way to study and understand YXZZCXL? Drawing on their learning journey, clinical practice, and prior research, we propose that commencing with the Qi philosophy concept of “Ascending-Descending-Exiting-Entering” (ADEE) provides a straightforward yet effective approach to comprehending the prescription composition within YXZZCXL and the underlying TCM treatment theories it encompasses. Crucially, this approach serves to synthesize Zhang’s scattered clinical insights into a coherent ADEE framework. The framework helps fill systematic gaps in the structure of his academic thought on formula design and treatment principles. Building upon this foundational ADEE framework, we may achieve a leap from ADEE theory towards the development of a novel Qi-movement-centered ADEE syndrome differentiation method. This method serves as a clinical diagnostic and therapeutic tool, effectively linking TCM’s ADEE theory to formulas exerting corresponding regulatory effects, and is particularly indicated for disorders characterized by abnormal Qi movement. It must be emphasized that utilizing ADEE for formula categorization in this study is not a mechanical exercise; rather, it offers four fundamental conceptual perspectives through which disease mechanisms and treatments can be understood. Notably, due to the lack of systematic elaboration on the specific concept of “Exiting-Entering” in classical Chinese medical texts, this study proposes a preliminary interpretation grounded in TCM Qi theory and invites scholarly discourse to refine its theoretical connotation. This three-stage research pathway—synthesizing classical theory, constructing a theoretical framework, and developing a novel differentiation method—is proposed as a potential model for studying other TCM classics. Overall, the most significant academic contribution of this study lies in the systematic proposal and construction of a novel theoretical framework for treatment based on syndrome differentiation, which emerges centuries after the last major advancement in TCM diagnostic approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":56062,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12983704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147444691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women's perceptions of placenta donation for research purposes: a cross-sectional study from the MENA region.","authors":"Yusra Elrahal, Omar F Khabour, Karem H Alzoubi, Saleem Banihani, Wael K Al-Delaimy","doi":"10.1186/s13010-025-00205-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13010-025-00205-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND : The placenta is a rich source of stem cells that can be used in scientific research and therapeutic applications. The aim of the current study was to understand the perspectives of Jordanian women on placenta donation for research purposes. METHODS: The study questionnaire was developed using Google Forms and distributed across social media platforms. A total of 923 women participated in the study. RESULTS: About 64.0% of women were unaware that placenta could be donated for research. Only 27.0% expressed a positive attitude toward donation, while approximately 23.2% considered placenta donation ethically acceptable. Factors associated with the management of placenta after pregnancy included the woman’s age, education level, living in a city, and pregnancy status (p < 0.05). Reasons associated with the decline in placenta donation for research included misuse of the placenta (65.6%), potential commercial use (86.5%), desire to keep it in a cell bank (52.2%), and data privacy issues (70.0%). CONCLUSION: Awareness of placenta donation for medical research was found to be low. A small percentage of women supported the placenta use in research. The study recommends interventions and educational programs to enhance women’s awareness of placenta donation in scientific research, which can be implemented by health authorities. Moreover, fostering partnerships between the public and scientists is essential to encouraging innovation and progress in stem cell research. </p>","PeriodicalId":56062,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12895749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146183551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refined utilitarianism in practice: reinterpreting the ethical foundations of the NHS.","authors":"Ahmet Küçükuncular","doi":"10.1186/s13010-025-00206-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13010-025-00206-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic exposed acute tensions in the United Kingdom’s National Health Service (NHS) between its egalitarian self-image and the utilisation of overtly utilitarian tools such as QALY-based cost-effectiveness and prognosis-driven triage. This paper offers a systematic philosophical diagnosis of those tensions through the lens of refined utilitarianism, a consequentialist theory that grounds moral rules in their long-run welfare effects while requiring genuine social approbation and cultural fit. After reconstructing the classical act-/rule-utilitarian debate and engaging canonical critics (Rawls, Scanlon, Dworkin and Williams), the paper distinguishes refined utilitarianism from both rule utilitarianism and prioritarianism, then tests the theory against UK healthcare practice pre- and post-pandemic. Using documentary analysis of NICE technology appraisals, BMA emergency guidance, and statutory equality duties, it is shown that the NHS operates a two-tier code: egalitarian, need-based rules in conditions of routine capacity, and outcome-maximising rules, tempered by fairness safeguards, during acute scarcity. This structure closely matches refined utilitarian predictions: apparently non-utilitarian norms (equal access, prohibition of direct age discrimination, ‘rule of rescue’) are retained because they enhance trust, compliance and therefore aggregate welfare, while harsher maximisation moves (frailty scoring, ICU reallocation, staff testing priority) are publicly justified and time-limited to preserve legitimacy. The analysis answers familiar objections, impracticality of hedonic calculus, neglect of minorities, integrity threats, by showing how socially embedded rules mitigate each problem without surrendering the aim of greatest overall benefit. The paper concludes that UK healthcare is best interpreted as utilitarian in a refined sense, and that refined utilitarianism provides a practicable, normatively attractive template for future resource-allocation frameworks in public health emergencies and beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":56062,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12874761/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146127477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legislative recognition and implementation challenges of living wills in China.","authors":"Long Chen","doi":"10.1186/s13010-025-00208-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13010-025-00208-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 2022 revision of China’s Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Medical Regulations marks the nation’s inaugural legislative recognition of “living wills” as legally binding instruments. However, the implementation of living wills in clinical practice encounters significant ethical challenges, influenced by traditional cultural norms, prevailing medical ethics standards, policy frameworks, healthcare resource allocation, and systemic constraints. To advance this end-of-life care paradigm, we propose a threefold strategy: (1) enhancing public education on death literacy and autonomy, (2) improving the legal procedures for establishing and implementing living wills, and (3) establishing a comprehensive national hospice care safeguard system. These measures are critical to ensuring the protection of terminally ill patients’ fundamental rights and dignity.</p>","PeriodicalId":56062,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12781654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145936372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human dignity and ontological foundations: a philosophical perspective for the health professions.","authors":"Patrícia Frantz, Francisca Rego, Stela Barbas","doi":"10.1186/s13010-025-00207-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13010-025-00207-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The question of what it means to be human remains one of the most fundamental inquiries in philosophy, with profound ethical implications, particularly in healthcare. This paper offers a conceptual framework for healthcare professionals by exploring the ontological status of the human being and the concept of personhood, grounded in classical metaphysical principles. Through a phenomenological, epistemological, axiological, and ontological lens, it proposes a unified understanding of human dignity that can inform and elevate clinical practice. While the dialogue between Greek philosophy and the Judeo-Christian tradition established a robust and enduring notion of dignity, and Kantian ethics reinforced the centrality of the human being as an end in itself, the increasing compartmentalization of knowledge-though fruitful in some respects-has obscured the integral vision of the human person. In the medical field, this fragmentation can diminish awareness of the relational, existential, and spiritual dimensions essential to humane care. In response, this paper reaffirms the relevance of philosophical anthropology for medical ethics. It contends that safeguarding human dignity amid contemporary scientific and technological challenges requires returning to an ontological vision of the person-one that transcends functionalist and reductionist models and restores the human being to the center of healthcare. By doing so, it offers professionals a deeper foundation for ethical discernment and compassionate practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":56062,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12781499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145936430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}