Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation最新文献

{"title":"No relationship between biodiversity and forest carbon sink across the subtropical Brazilian Atlantic Forest","authors":"Kauane Maiara Bordin ,&nbsp;Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert ,&nbsp;Joice Klipel ,&nbsp;Rayana Caroline Picolotto ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Scarton Bergamin ,&nbsp;Ana Carolina da Silva ,&nbsp;Pedro Higuchi ,&nbsp;Elivane Salete Capellesso ,&nbsp;Márcia Cristina Mendes Marques ,&nbsp;Alexandre F. Souza ,&nbsp;Sandra Cristina Müller","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Brazilian Atlantic Forest (BAF) is a global biodiversity hotspot, but its carbon sink capacity, especially in the subtropical portion, is poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between biodiversity measures (i.e., taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity) and net carbon change across subtropical BAF, testing whether there is a win–win situation in the conservation of biodiversity and carbon sink capacity across forests of distinct ages. We obtained the net carbon change from 55 permanent plots, from early successional to old-growth forests, by combining the carbon gains and losses across two censuses. We found that subtropical BAF are on average acting as a carbon sink, but carbon gains and losses varied a lot across plots, especially within late successional/old-growth forests. The carbon sink was consistent across different forest ages, and we did not find a relationship between biodiversity and net carbon change in subtropical BAF. Therefore, conservation programs should aim at both targets in order to maximize the protection of biodiversity and carbon capture across the secondary and old-growth subtropical BAF, especially in a scenario of global changes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"21 2","pages":"Pages 112-120"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48087911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fire reduces taxonomic and functional diversity in Neotropical moist seasonally flooded forests","authors":"María Constanza Meza ,&nbsp;Josep María Espelta ,&nbsp;Tania Marisol González ,&nbsp;Dolors Armenteras","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fires are recurrent in moist tropical savannas, but in recent decades, Neotropical forests have become more affected due to the increased frequency of fires and the extent of burned areas. Currently, there is still limited knowledge on whether and how these disturbance events generate changes in taxonomic and functional diversity that can ultimately lead to the degradation and loss of resilience of tropical forests. To understand the response of Neotropical moist seasonally flooded forests to fire and the impact on taxonomic and functional diversity, we studied forests affected by fires with three degrees of severity and intensity: unburned, severity and intensity burned, and high severity and intensity burned. Regardless of the severity, fire generates a high taxonomic and functional homogenization in the tree and palm community by reducing α and β taxonomic and functional diversity and increasing functional homogenization by filtering species with similar traits. We found that adults with fire avoidance traits, such as deciduousness, and persistence traits, such as resprouting ability, were the ones that better survived the fire. Fire significantly reduced the abundance of evergreen species and those that were dispersed by zoochory. Our findings provide insight into the functional trajectory of Neotropical moist seasonally flooded forests after the fire, indicating that even moderate fire events may lead to a homogenization of these ecosystems and threaten their persistence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"21 2","pages":"Pages 101-111"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41512665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting the range expansion of invasive alien grasses under climate change in the Neotropics","authors":"Aline Lopes ,&nbsp;Layon Orestes Demarchi ,&nbsp;Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade ,&nbsp;Jochen Schöngart ,&nbsp;Florian Wittmann ,&nbsp;Cássia Beatriz Rodrigues Munhoz ,&nbsp;Cristiane Silva Ferreira ,&nbsp;Augusto Cesar Franco","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A diverse group of invasive grasses from tropical and subtropical Africa and Asia has spread throughout the Neotropics over the last decades. Despite their strong ecological impact, current and future distribution patterns of these grasses in the region according to climate change is poorly investigated. We chose ten high potential invasive grass species and used ecological niche modeling to project their geographic distribution within the Neotropics under four climate change scenarios (current, SSP1-2.6, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 for 2100). Current climatically suitable areas for these invasive species were estimated to account for 51.3% of the Neotropics. Projections of future climatically suitable areas ranged between 47.0% and 57.6%, depending on the climate scenario. Range retractions are projected for <em>Melinis repens</em> and <em>Urochloa decumbens</em> regardless of the SSP scenario, while <em>Arundo donax, Hyparrhenia rufa</em> and <em>Melinis minutiflora</em> are expected to expand their range in all SSP scenarios. Currently, these ten invasive species have suitable areas that greatly overlap in dry regions of the Neotropics, mainly in the savannas of Central Brazil and Central America. However, a reduction in species overlap and a geographical expansion towards wetter regions is expected under the SSP1 and SSP3 scenarios, and towards drier regions under the SSP5 scenario.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"21 2","pages":"Pages 128-135"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42514863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of habitat loss on Brazilian primates: assessing extinction thresholds in the Amazon and Atlantic Forest","authors":"Carmen Galán-Acedo ,&nbsp;Ricard Arasa-Gisbert ,&nbsp;Víctor Arroyo-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Marisela Martínez-Ruiz ,&nbsp;Fernando A. Rosete-Vergés ,&nbsp;Fabricio Villalobos","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Habitat loss has major impacts on biodiversity. Yet, such impacts are not always linear, as there can be threshold values of habitat amount below which species become extirpated from human-modified landscapes (extinction thresholds). This may be particularly the case for species with high habitat spatial requirements, especially in regions with a long land-use history, which have a lower extinction debt. To address these issues, we evaluated the linear and non-linear effects of landscape-scale forest (habitat) loss on primate species richness in regions with relatively new (Amazon) and old (Atlantic Forest) histories of land-use change. We also evaluated the role of mean home range size in regulating species responses to forest loss. Extinction thresholds were higher in the Atlantic Forest (78% remaining forest cover) than in the Amazon (45%), but primate-landscape associations were stronger in the Amazon. Thus, despite its recent land-use history, Amazon primates are more sensitive to habitat loss. As predicted, mean home range size decreased with forest loss in both biomes. Our findings highlight the importance of stopping deforestation in both biomes to maintain habitat amount above these thresholds. Yet, as &lt;30% of the Atlantic Forest cover remains today, promoting restoration initiatives across this biome is paramount.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"21 2","pages":"Pages 189-195"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43807080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How habitat loss and fragmentation are reducing conservation opportunities for vertebrates in the most threatened savanna of the World","authors":"João Paulo S. Vieira-Alencar ,&nbsp;Bruna E. Bolochio ,&nbsp;Ana Paula Carmignotto ,&nbsp;Ricardo J. Sawaya ,&nbsp;Luís Fábio Silveira ,&nbsp;Paula Hanna Valdujo ,&nbsp;Cristiano de Campos Nogueira ,&nbsp;Javier Nori","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Effective, resilient and strategic protected area networks are essential to protect biodiversity and human welfare, especially in vulnerable biodiversity hotspots. This is the case in the Brazilian Cerrado, the richest tropical savanna, and a deforestation front worldwide. Worryingly, the rate of habitat conversion in Cerrado greatly reduces opportunities to conserve its biodiversity. Herein, using the most comprehensive database on the distribution of Cerrado endemic terrestrial vertebrates, we mapped conservation priority areas and evaluated how and to what extent habitat loss and fragmentation reduce conservation opportunities. Priority areas are scattered throughout the Cerrado. Larger priority areas are concentrated in the northern portion of the region. Southern priority areas are small, scattered, and isolated. During the last 35 years, opportunities to conserve large contiguous areas have significantly decreased, hampering the representation of key endemic species. However, as most endemic vertebrates are small ranged, modest but well located increments in total protected area will result in significant overall improvements in the PA system. Protecting the largest priority areas identified here is urgent and mandatory, while using habitat restoration as a key activity to promote connectivity among smaller priority areas, especially in the southern portion of this hotspot.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"21 2","pages":"Pages 121-127"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47833457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasting nation-wide citizen science and expert collected data on hummingbird–plant interactions","authors":"Camila Bosenbecker ,&nbsp;Pedro Amaral Anselmo ,&nbsp;Roberta Zuba Andreoli ,&nbsp;Gustavo Hiroaki Shimizu ,&nbsp;Paulo Eugênio Oliveira ,&nbsp;Pietro Kiyoshi Maruyama","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Citizen science has the potential to increase the efficiency of scientific data collection. However, such initiatives often focus on unique taxa for each record, not necessarily involving interspecific interactions. Moreover, whether openly available unstructured citizen science data can contribute to better understand ecological patterns is still not well understood. Here, we identify hummingbird-plant interactions recorded by amateur birdwatchers in the most popular online platform in Brazil, Wikiaves. Then, we evaluated how this information can benefit our understanding of interactions in a large Tropical country by comparing with data generated by experts. We also constructed a nation-wide meta-network to identify the structural roles of hummingbirds and plants. In total, 3210 interactions were compiled, with better hummingbirds and geographic coverage of citizen data in relation to expert data. The interaction network showed a modular pattern, and some plant species found as most frequently interacting here were similar to those found by experts. Nevertheless, when comparing the plant partners for hummingbirds featured in both expert and citizen data, the proportion of plants in common were generally low (usually less than 40%), indicating that amateur birdwatchers are mostly recording interactions not captured by scientists. Finally, as in other cases of compilation of interaction data, we found that sampling intensity (here, number of photographs) is a strong driver of interaction records, highlighting the unique challenge of separating biologically meaningful patterns from sampling artifacts in citizen science data. Our study illustrates the richness of citizen-gathered biodiversity data available in a megadiverse country, which show great potential to complement expert collected data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"21 2","pages":"Pages 164-171"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45157739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional responses of plant communities in different life-stages to forest cover loss","authors":"L. Rocha-Santos ,&nbsp;D. Faria ,&nbsp;E. Mariano-Neto ,&nbsp;E.R. Andrade ,&nbsp;J.A. Bomfim ,&nbsp;D.C. Talora ,&nbsp;M.S. Pessoa ,&nbsp;E. Cazetta","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Habitat loss is among one of the main causes of biodiversity decline worldwide. Therefore, assessing different dimensions of diversity such taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional is important for more effective conservation strategies. Also, important but scarce, is the comparison of different life-stages which can bring insights due to different time delay on species responses to anthropogenic changes. Herein we assessed the influence of landscape-scale forest cover loss on different diversity dimensions of adult and juvenile tree assemblages. Our results showed that richness, phylogenetic and functional diversity were highly correlated for both life-stages. Forest cover loss leads to a decline in species richness more sharply in juveniles than adults, but in general, it did not affect phylogenetic and functional diversity. The responses among life-stages differed only for richness and phylogenetic mean pairwise distance. The negative impacts of forest cover loss on richness were not mirrored by phylogenetic and functional diversity, although there are some differences among life-stages. Our findings suggest that for practical purposes species richness is a primary and effective biodiversity measure at the landscape-scale. Furthermore, the stronger effects on juvenile assemblages indicate recruitment limitation and an impoverished future plant community, highlighting the importance to include different life-stages into conservation actions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"21 2","pages":"Pages 136-142"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41740247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraspecific variation of invaded pollination networks – the role of pollen-transport, pollen-transfer and different levels of biological organization","authors":"Carine Emer ,&nbsp;Jane Memmott","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p></p><ul><li><span>•</span><span><p>Pollination networks have long been studied by quantifying plant-flower visitor species interactions. Despite making considerable contributions, this ignores important steps of pollen movement from anthers to receptive stigmas and neglects the intraspecific variation of the interacting partners. Addressing specialization and niche partitioning regarding heterospecific pollen transport and transfer, is fundamental to untangle the mechanisms behind contrasts seen in the impact of alien species on native communities.</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>We used two well-sampled datasets on pollen-transport and pollen-transfer networks to test how intraspecific variation in interaction specialisation affects invaded pollination networks. We considered different levels of biological organization: from species- to individual-based networks.</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>We found significant intraspecific variation in the pollen loads and pollen deposition of the invasive plant <em>Impatiens glandulifera</em>; thus only a few individual pollinators and plant stigmas carried large amounts of alien pollen grains, potentially functioning as super-spreaders driving the invading process. Consequently, most individuals carried only a few, or no alien pollen at all, possibly buffering the negative effects of invasive plants at the population and community levels.</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>Node and structural specialization were higher for individual-based and pollen-transfer networks, suggesting a lack of dominant, highly generalist links when downscaling from pollen-transport to pollen-transfer, and from species to individual-based networks.</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>The high specialization, selectiveness and niche partitioning of plants, pollinators and their interaction revealed at the different stages of the pollination process and across distinct levels of biological organization, suggest important mechanisms associated with the (re) organization of population niches. Moreover, these mechanisms provide a promising approach towards a more comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of invasion biology from population to community and ecosystem functioning.</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"21 2","pages":"Pages 151-163"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48537681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neotropical understory birds and mammals show divergent behaviour responses to human pressure","authors":"Pablo Jose Negret ,&nbsp;Mathew Scott Luskin ,&nbsp;Bibiana Gomez-Valencia ,&nbsp;Angelica Diaz-Pulido ,&nbsp;Luis Hernando Romero ,&nbsp;Adriana Restrepo ,&nbsp;Julie G. Zaehringer ,&nbsp;Kendall R. Jones ,&nbsp;Jose Manuel Ochoa-Quintero ,&nbsp;Calebe Pereira Mendes","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Human pressures such as hunting and habitat destruction can generate a deep fear in animals and this fear can influence their diel activity patterns and use of space. However, whether these behavioural responses to human pressure are consistent among key functional groups has been poorly studied. For example, while mammal species tend to become more nocturnal in areas with high human pressure, it is unclear if co-occurring birds display similar or opposite patterns. Here we used information from camera trapping (367 camera stations and 16,939 camera/days) along a gradient of human pressure in the Colombian Llanos to assess diel activity changes in understory birds and mammals. We found that diel activity significantly changed with higher human pressure for</em> 45% <em>of the birds (five species) and</em> 36% <em>of the mammals (five species) assessed, with four of five birds becoming more diurnal and all five mammals becoming more nocturnal. The average increase in nocturnality for the mammals was</em> 11.3% <em>while the average increase in diurnality for the birds was</em> 7%. <em>There was high variation in body size and dietary guild within impacted species, and only some were directly persecuted or hunted, suggesting that there are different pathways through which human pressure can affect vertebrates’ activity patterns. The contrasting behavioural responses to humans among vertebrate functional groups has significant repercussions for the fields of community ecology, including intraguild predation and competition, and should be a significant ecosystem-level conservation consideration.</em></p></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"21 2","pages":"Pages 180-188"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43814571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of community-based monitoring projects of terrestrial game fauna in the tropics: a global review","authors":"Yasmin Maria Sampaio dos Reis,&nbsp;Maíra Benchimol","doi":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecon.2023.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biodiversity monitoring projects comprise key conservation strategies established to minimize biodiversity loss. Particularly, community-based monitoring projects have recently been implemented worldwide. This approach favors three conservation pillars: provision of information on monitored resource through time, local people’s empowerment, and management practices. We conducted a systematic literature review to identify all past and current community-based monitoring projects of terrestrial game fauna in the tropics, and specifically examined seventeen of those projects in terms of costs, interruption and effectiveness. We identified a total of 52 projects, mostly located in the Amazon. We revealed an annual cost of US$0.24/hectare/project, with most of these initiatives interrupted due the lack of funding. We also noticed that the absence of data analyses comprised the main obstacle for the assessment on monitored game fauna through time, while empowerment was hampered by the lack of intensive local participation at different stages of monitoring. Finally, we observed that most management actions resulted in community rules and applications, including local bylaws governing resource use. We highlight that community-based programs can be more effective if they engage local people at all monitoring stages, build solid partnerships to ensure long-term funding and translate the outcomes into management practices for the monitored fauna.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56034,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation","volume":"21 2","pages":"Pages 172-179"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44267052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}