International Journal of Transgenderism最新文献

{"title":"Reflections on transgender representation in academic publishing","authors":"J. Veale","doi":"10.1080/15532739.2017.1279868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2017.1279868","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56012,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgenderism","volume":"15 1","pages":"121 - 122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77969495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Language and trans health","authors":"W. Bouman, A. S. Schwend, J. Motmans, Adam Smiley, J. Safer, M. Deutsch, N. Adams, S. Winter","doi":"10.1080/15532739.2016.1262127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2016.1262127","url":null,"abstract":"The use of appropriate language is a sensitive matter, because the meaning of words may be relative, situational, and language dependent. What is more, words inherently carry meaning that inevitably depends on underlying frames of reference. In this sense, language has a powerful performative power and impact. As a result, wordings, or word choices that are used without intent of harm (or even with the express desire to avoid it) may be experienced as harmful by listeners, who often bring their own experiential frame of reference to the table. Put plainly, words are often interpreted differently by individual readers, dependent on their situation and location (e.g., Hochdorn et al., 2016). Indeed, over time, contextually specific terms like transgender can change and shift in a complex fashion. It is, therefore, critical that we select language that is respectful, nonpathologizing and consistent with human rights standards, taking into account its shifting and complex contextual and cultural character. Ultimately this caution applies equally to trans health and all other formal and informal settings in which human interaction takes place. As both humans and researchers, language is our shared vehicle for expressing and presenting our ideas, thoughts, feelings, and opinions to the world and to one another. The word language itself is defined in the Oxford Textbook of English as (noun) “method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of words in a structured and conventional way” (Stevenson, 2010). Put more explicitly, “the purpose of language is for communication” (Chomsky as cited in Osiatynski, 1984). Technological innovations have, of course, affected this, as has rapid globalization, which allows and encourages individuals from all over the globe to communicate and exchange ideas rapidly and continuously. Though technological advances have served as both medium and accelerator of communication, it remains language itself that ensures effective communication among cultures, countries, organizations, communities, and ultimately individuals, and it is critical that our linguistic choices are respectful of this. Clinical practice also has its own linguistic norms and conventions that further reflect the particular clinical model used. The use of language and clinical models that are respectful, nonpathologizing, and human rights based are critical principles of ethical contemporary trans health care, and clinical models must reflect this (e.g., approaches that can be classified as \"reparative therapy\" are to be avoided in all cases). At all times, it is important to account for and critically question existing power inequalities in one’s clinical practice, encounters, and writing, so as to join trans–health care users in dismantling pathologizing structures. Throughout history, language has been wielded to discriminate, abuse, marginalize, disrupt, and destabilize individuals and communities. With regard to trans peo","PeriodicalId":56012,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgenderism","volume":"34 1","pages":"1 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85001236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A qualitative exploratory study on gender identity and the health risks and barriers to care for transgender women living in a U.S.–Mexico border city","authors":"O. Loza, O. Beltran, Thenral Mangadu","doi":"10.1080/15532739.2016.1255868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2016.1255868","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This exploratory, qualitative study examined the health risks and barriers to care for transgender women who live in a U.S.–Mexico border city. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted with 13 self-identified transgender women in El Paso, Texas, seven of whom identified as Latina. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded for analysis of emerging themes, using the qualitative analysis software Atlas.ti (v.7.0). The themes that emerged are (1) self-acceptance of transgender identity; (2) acceptance of transgender identity within social networks; and (3) health risks, including body modifications and barriers to health care. The findings reveal phases of self-acceptance of transgender identity, a high level of health risks, scarce health services resources, and low levels of acceptance from family, friends, and partners. This study provides an important contribution to the health disparities literature on gender identity and health risks and the needs of transgender women, particularly in a U.S.–Mexico border context.","PeriodicalId":56012,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgenderism","volume":"142 1","pages":"104 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82895619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric characteristics of the Transgender Identity Survey in an Italian sample: A measure to assess positive and negative feelings towards transgender identity","authors":"C. Scandurra, A. Amodeo, Vincenzo Bochicchio, P. Valerio, D. Frost","doi":"10.1080/15532739.2016.1241975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2016.1241975","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Transgender people experience systematic oppression due to societal endorsement of binary notions of gender. As a result, they are at risk for self-stigmatization via the internalization of negative attitudes about being transgender. Thus, researchers need instruments to assess the multilayered nature of transgender identity and its role in the experience of mental health and well-being. This study evaluated the psychometric characteristics of the Transgender Identity Survey (TIS) in an Italian sample of 149 transgender people. The TIS assesses levels of pride, shame, alienation, and passing in transgender populations, providing researchers and clinicians with an instrument that can evaluate both positive aspects of transgender identity and internalized transphobia. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the original four-factor model had adequate fit to the data obtained from the Italian sample, with the exception of one item. Both convergent and predictive validity were assessed and partially confirmed, indicating that the TIS is significantly correlated with some of the enacted stigma and mental health outcome measures (perceived stress, depression, and anxiety). This study provides both clinicians and researchers with a tool to assess positive and negative aspects of identity in transgender populations.","PeriodicalId":56012,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgenderism","volume":"1 1","pages":"53 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91330718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chinese college students’ gender self-esteem and trans prejudice","authors":"Bing Chen, V. Anderson","doi":"10.1080/15532739.2016.1256803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2016.1256803","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Most studies of trans prejudice, or prejudice against transgender people, have been conducted in Western countries. The current study explored trans prejudice in a sample of 124 heterosexual college students from the People's Republic of China. We also examined the relationship between gender self-esteem—the importance of gender to one's self-identity—and trans prejudice. Results indicated that men reported more trans prejudice than women. Both women and men reported more violence toward, teasing of, and discomfort with trans women compared with trans men. Gender self-esteem was not a significant predictor of trans prejudice for men or women. These results suggest that some of the predictors of trans prejudice in Chinese people may be similar to predictors found in Western samples. However, differences may be due to cultural factors such as membership in a collectivistic versus an individualistic society.","PeriodicalId":56012,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgenderism","volume":"4 5","pages":"66 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15532739.2016.1256803","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72373096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of anxiety symptoms and disorders in the transgender population: A systematic review of the literature","authors":"N. Millet, J. Longworth, J. Arcelus","doi":"10.1080/15532739.2016.1258353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2016.1258353","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction: Anxiety disorders are the most common mental illness in the general population, affecting 18% of the population in the United States (12 months prevalence) and 13.6% in Europe (life time prevalence). Several studies have also described high rates of anxiety disorders and symptoms of anxiety among the transgender population. There is, however, a great variation of results (particularly related to gender prevalence), and few studies have described the type of anxiety disorders specific to the transgender population. Aim: To collect and critically appraise the information from the available studies describing prevalence rates of anxiety disorders and symptoms. Results: A total of 25 cross-sectional (n = 17) and longitudinal (n = 8) studies were found. Cross-sectional studies described higher prevalence rates of anxiety symptoms in the transgender group than in the cis population. The prevalence of anxiety disorders range from 17% to 68%. The most common anxiety disorders found were specific phobias, social phobias, panic disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Most of the large studies suggest higher levels of anxiety symptoms and disorders in transgender men compared with transgender women; however, considerable variation in results was found. Conclusions: The findings identified that there is considerable variation in anxiety disorders and symptoms among transgender people attending transgender health services. These findings are likely to be the result of the tools used, the lack of matching controls, and the lack of homogeneity of the group studied. Overall this review indicates high levels of anxiety symptoms and disorders among transgender people attending gender services, primarily (but not exclusively) before commencement of cross-sex hormone treatment. Anxiety disorders related to social interaction (such as social anxiety) and panic attack appear to be particularly common, however more rigorous studies to confirm those findings are needed.","PeriodicalId":56012,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgenderism","volume":"59 1","pages":"27 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82930860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special issue of the International Journal of Transgenderism: Nonbinary and genderqueer genders","authors":"J. Motmans, T. Nieder, W. Bouman","doi":"10.1080/15532739.2017.1281630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2017.1281630","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56012,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgenderism","volume":"352 1","pages":"119 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80058048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender variance in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder from the National Database for Autism Research","authors":"T. May, Ken C. Pang, Katrina Jane Williams","doi":"10.1080/15532739.2016.1241976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2016.1241976","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Previous studies suggest elevated rates of gender variance (GV), the wish to be of the other gender, in those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study aimed to understand the rate of GV in children and adolescents with ASD and explore differences in sex, age, and emotional-behavioral problems relative to those referred to clinical services for mental health concerns (“referred”) and to the general population (“non-referred”). A secondary analysis of data from the National Database for Autism Research was used to explore GV using a child behavior checklist, parent report, in 176 children aged 6 to 18 year with ASD compared to referred and non-referred cohorts. GV was present in 4.0% of the ASD group, higher than for the non-referred group (0.7%) but similar to the referred group (4.0%). There were no significant sex differences in GV prevalence (males 3.7%, females 6.0%) in the ASD group. That the GV rate was elevated in ASD relative to non-referred samples but similar to clinically referred samples suggests that elevated rates of GV were not specific to ASD and may be more broadly associated with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders of childhood. Further population-based research using clinical assessment for gender dysphoria is required in individuals with ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders.","PeriodicalId":56012,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgenderism","volume":"113 1","pages":"15 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89300122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Who rejects depathologization? Attitudes of Russian-speaking trans people toward revision of the International Classification of Diseases","authors":"Y. Kirey-Sitnikova","doi":"10.1080/15532739.2016.1258351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2016.1258351","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Post-Soviet space is underrepresented in international discussions on trans depathologization, and voices of trans people (as distinct from activists and experts) are rarely heard. The article seeks to fill this gap by introducing debates on depathologization among trans activists and nonactivist trans people of post-Soviet countries. In order to take into account opinions of various groups of trans people, a survey was conducted concerning the revision of the International Classification of Diseases and various trans-related policies. Classification models were developed to find relationships between demographic data and answers to the questions about depathologization and legal gender recognition.","PeriodicalId":56012,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgenderism","volume":"40 1","pages":"79 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86786346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transgender and anxiety: A comparative study between transgender people and the general population","authors":"W. Bouman, L. Claes, N. Brewin, J. Crawford, N. Millet, F. Fernández-Aranda, J. Arcelus","doi":"10.1080/15532739.2016.1258352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2016.1258352","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background: Anxiety disorders pose serious public health problems. The data available on anxiety disorders in the transgender population is limited by the small numbers, the lack of a matched controlled population and the selection of a nonhomogenous group of transgender people. Aims: The aims of the study were (1) to determine anxiety symptomatology (based on the HADS) in a nontreated transgender population and to compare it to a general population sample matched by age and gender; (2) to investigate the predictive role of specific variables, including experienced gender, self-esteem, victimization, social support, interpersonal functioning, and cross-sex hormone use regarding levels of anxiety symptomatology; and (3) to investigate differences in anxiety symptomatology between transgender people on cross-sex hormone treatment and not on hormone treatment. Methods: A total of 913 individuals who self-identified as transgender attending a transgender health service during a 3-year period agreed to participate. For the first aim of the study, 592 transgender people not on treatment were matched by age and gender, with 3,816 people from the general population. For the second and third aim, the whole transgender population was included. Measurements: Sociodemographic variables and measures of depression and anxiety (HADS), self-esteem (RSE), victimization (ETS), social support (MSPSS), and interpersonal functioning (IIP-32). Results: Compared with the general population transgender people had a nearly threefold increased risk of probable anxiety disorder (all p < .05). Low self-esteem and interpersonal functioning were found to be significant predictors of anxiety symptoms. Trans women on treatment with cross-sex hormones were found to have lower levels of anxiety disorder symptomatology. Conclusions: Transgender people (particularly trans males) have higher levels of anxiety symptoms suggestive of possible anxiety disorders compared to the general population. The findings that self-esteem, interpersonal functioning, and hormone treatment are associated with lower levels of anxiety symptoms indicate the need for clinical interventions targeting self-esteem and interpersonal difficulties and highlight the importance of quick access to transgender health services.","PeriodicalId":56012,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgenderism","volume":"1 1","pages":"16 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89669190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}