Diversity-Basel最新文献

{"title":"Species Diversity and Soil Interconstraints Exert Significant Influences on Plant Survival during Ecological Restoration in Semi-Arid Mining Areas","authors":"Zeyu Shi, Zhongke Bai, Donggang Guo, Shuai Li, Meijing Chen","doi":"10.3390/d15101100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d15101100","url":null,"abstract":"The extensive vegetation destruction in opencast mining regions has led to various environmental problems, including the loss of biodiversity. However, our understanding of biodiversity’s response to survival, as well as its interactions with soil characteristics and climate change, remains limited. To address this gap, we analyzed data from a long-term monitoring site in an opencast coal mine reclamation region, focusing on the effects of species diversity, soil properties, and climate factors on the survival of four key restored species at 17, 22, and 27 years after planting. Our findings indicate that increased plot diversity is associated with decreased overall survival, and significant variations in diversity levels were observed among different plots. We also found that soil properties influenced species’ survival response to diversity, and these responses varied with stand age. In the early stages of succession, soil and diversity primarily affect species survival, with diversity playing a more dominant role as stand age increases. Overall, our findings suggest that the interaction between species diversity and soil composition significantly influences the survival of species. Continuous monitoring is necessary to validate these conclusions, particularly considering the diverse planting patterns in mine reclamation areas that can result in varying feedbacks of biodiversity on species survival.","PeriodicalId":56006,"journal":{"name":"Diversity-Basel","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135463053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Grassland Plant Community Change with Elevation and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in the Burqin Forest Region of the Altai Mountains","authors":"Xi Zhang, Mao Ye, Xiaoting Pan, Qingzhi He, Weilong Chen, Guoyan Zeng, Miaomiao Li","doi":"10.3390/d15101098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d15101098","url":null,"abstract":"The change grassland plant communities demonstrate with elevation has been one of the hot issues in ecological research, and there remain many unsolved problems. In order to further elucidate the rules of grassland plant community change with elevation, this study took the Burqin forest area as a research object, using field survey, redundancy analysis and grey correlation analysis to comprehensively assess the characteristics of change in grassland plant communities with elevation and the relationship of this evolution with environmental factors. The results showed that (1) the numbers of species, community biomass, community cover and community densities of grassland plant communities showed an “M” pattern with the increase in elevation. There were significant changes in the importance values and dominance of plants at different elevations; with increasing elevation, grassland plants became primarily dominated by cold-tolerant and well-adapted perennials. (2) The similarity coefficients of grassland plant communities at different elevations ranged from 0.06 to 0.62, i.e., from very dissimilar to moderately similar. (3) As the elevation increased, the Margalef species richness index, Shannon–Wiener diversity index, Simpson dominance index and Alatalo evenness index all showed an “M” pattern trend. (4) The degrees of correlation between temperature and precipitation and community biomass and species diversity were at a high level, and these were the most important environmental factors affecting the biomass and species diversity of grassland plant communities in the Burqin forest area. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the rational utilization of grassland resources and for the sustainable development of grassland ecosystems in the Burqin forest area.","PeriodicalId":56006,"journal":{"name":"Diversity-Basel","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135461107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal Variations in Invertebrates Sheltered among Corallina officinalis (Plantae, Rodophyta) Turfs along the Southern Istrian Coast (Croatia, Adriatic Sea)","authors":"Moira Buršić, Andrej Jaklin, Milvana Arko Pijevac, Branka Bruvo Mađarić, Lucija Neal, Emina Pustijanac, Petra Burić, Neven Iveša, Paolo Paliaga, Ljiljana Iveša","doi":"10.3390/d15101099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d15101099","url":null,"abstract":"Available research on invertebrates in Corallina officinalis settlements shows a high level of biodiversity due to a complex habitat structure. Our aim was to examine seasonal changes in the invertebrate population, considering the algae’s growth patterns. Nine locations with over 90% algal coverage were selected in southern Istria, where quantitative sampling was performed using six replicates of 5 × 5 cm quadrats in each location. Results showed that 29,711 invertebrates were found during winter (maximum algae growth) and 22,292 during summer (minimum algae growth), with an extrapolated average density of 220,000 and 165,200 individuals per square meter, respectively. The total number of individuals showed a linear increase as the algae biomass increased. The highest density, 586,000 individuals, was recorded in the Premantura area during winter. Dominant groups such as amphipods, polychaetes, bivalves and gastropods made up over 80% of the invertebrates. Our study confirms high invertebrate richness in the C. officinalis settlements, with the maximum density being the highest when compared to previously published data.","PeriodicalId":56006,"journal":{"name":"Diversity-Basel","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135461547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil Biological Properties along a Topographic Gradient in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest Biome","authors":"Diego Lang Burak, Thamyres Cardoso da Silveira, Luciana Ventura Machado, Eduardo de Sá Mendonça","doi":"10.3390/d15101097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d15101097","url":null,"abstract":"The Atlantic Forest exhibits remarkable floristic diversity over short distances, and when combined with altitude, it results in variations in soil biological properties and hydrological dynamics. This study aimed to quantify the distribution pattern of soil biological properties along a small topographic gradient and identify how these properties are related to soil chemical, physical, and topographical attributes in an Atlantic Forest fragment in Brazil. Plots were established along hillslope positions varying from 100 to 180 m of altitude. Soil biological characterization was performed at a depth of 0.0–0.10 m in both summer and winter seasons. The lowland showed higher microbial biomass nitrogen in summer (57.28 ± 5.57 μg g−1 soil) and higher anaerobically mineralizable nitrogen in summer and winter (42.70 ± 2.14 mg kg−1 and 41.06 ± 3.37 mg kg−1, respectively). The midland showed lower microbial biomass carbon, enzymatic activity, and soil moisture in both seasons, and higher metabolic coefficients in summer. Soil chemical properties exerted a greater influence on the variability of biological properties in both seasons. The land slope conditioned lower microbial activity and organic cycling in the midland. Soil biological properties were affected by seasonality. Even a small altitudinal gradient (up to 100 m) in the Sea of Hills regions of the Atlantic Forest can lead to significant changes in soil biological and chemical attributes.","PeriodicalId":56006,"journal":{"name":"Diversity-Basel","volume":"53 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135511404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flea (Insecta: Siphonaptera) Family Diversity","authors":"Robert L. Bossard, Marcela Lareschi, Mara Urdapilleta, Cristina Cutillas, Antonio Zurita","doi":"10.3390/d15101096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d15101096","url":null,"abstract":"This overview of extant Siphonaptera lists 19 families with major hosts and their general distribution, estimated numbers of genera, species, and subspecies, with a brief taxonomic and phylogenetic review. With around 10 new species described annually, extant flea fauna comprises an estimated 249 genera, 2215 species, and 714 subspecies globally, mostly mammal parasites, but 5% of species are on birds. Host specificity varies from euryxenous (i.e., infesting two or more host orders) (e.g., cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis felis) to monoxenous (e.g., rabbit fleas, Spilopsyllus cuniculi). The largest family is the paraphyletic Hystrichopsyllidae, making up a third of all flea species. The largest monophyletic family, Ceratophyllidae (rodent and bird fleas), comprises another 20% and has dispersed to every continent, including Antarctica. Fleas descend from scorpionflies (Mecoptera), possibly snow scorpionflies (Boreidae) or Nannochoristidae, and even giant fossils found from the Mesozoic could be Siphonaptera. The diversification of fleas shows evidence of taxon cycles. “Relict” families, such as helmet fleas (Stephanocircidae), have a disjunct distribution reflecting the breakup of Gondwanaland 70 million years ago. “Niche specialists” include nest fleas (Anomiopsyllus), bat fleas (Ischnopsyllidae), and burrowing fleas, such as chigoes (Tungidae). By contrast, Ceratophyllidae fleas could be considered “great speciators”. Cat fleas and several other synanthropic flea species are invasive “supertramps”. Although those species are intensively studied, many flea species and their hosts require urgent surveys and conservation.","PeriodicalId":56006,"journal":{"name":"Diversity-Basel","volume":"12 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135510750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstructing the Paleoenvironmental Evolution of Lake Kolon (Hungary) through Palaeoecological, Statistical and Historical Analyses","authors":"Tamás Zsolt Vári, Elemér Pál-Molnár, Pál Sümegi","doi":"10.3390/d15101095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d15101095","url":null,"abstract":"The research utilizes an interdisciplinary approach, combining geological, ecological, and historical methods. It delves into the environmental evolution of Lake Kolon over a span of 17,700 years, shedding light on the intricate interplay between geological processes and ecological changes. The historical, statistical (PCA, DCA), and palaeoecological analyses centers on a core sequence situated in the heart of the lake, building upon previous research endeavors (pollen, malacological, macrobotanical and sedimentological analyses with radiocarbon dating). Forest fires occurred at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM); the boreal forest–steppe environment changed into temperate deciduous forest at the Pleistocene–Holocene boundary; human-induced environmental change into open parkland occurred; and from medieval times, communities used the land as pasture. This type of reconstruction is crucial for understanding how ecosystems respond to climate change over time, which has broader implications for modern-day conservation efforts and managing ecosystems in the face of ongoing climate change.","PeriodicalId":56006,"journal":{"name":"Diversity-Basel","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135569254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Endophytic Fungi (Chaetomiaceae) Associated with Healthy Leaves of Mangifera indica in Yunnan, China","authors":"Er-Fu Yang, Samantha C. Karunarathna, Dong-Qin Dai, Alviti Kankanamalage Hasith Priyashantha, Itthayakorn Promputtha, Abdallah Elgorban, Saowaluck Tibpromma","doi":"10.3390/d15101094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d15101094","url":null,"abstract":"Mangoes belong to Mangifera (Anacardiaceae), which contains 69 species, but only Mangifera indica is popularly cultivated and commercialized. Mango is one of the most important crops grown in China’s Yunnan Province and significantly contributes to the economic security of these locals. Endophytic fungi have been recognized as beneficial microbes that improve plant growth, productivity, and survivability under environmental stress. Nevertheless, many host plant-related endophytic fungi are yet to be identified, including the mango-related species. During this study, we recognized three different fungal species in the family Chaetomiaceae derived from healthy mango (Mangifera indica) leaves based on morphological examinations coupled with multi-gene phylogenetic analysis (ITS, LSU, rpb2, and tub2). These species are Dichotomopilus funicola (KUNCC23-13347) and Humicola wallefii (KUNCC22-10759, 23-13348), derived from new hosts, and a new species of Arcopilus hongheensis (KUNCC22-10767, 23-13346).","PeriodicalId":56006,"journal":{"name":"Diversity-Basel","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135617133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Diversity and Structure of Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. Populations in Central and Northern Romania Revealed by SRAP Markers","authors":"Florin Alexandru Rebrean, Adrian Fustos, Katalin Szabo, Tabita-Teodora Lisandru, Mihaela Simona Rebrean, Mircea Ioan Varga, Doru Pamfil","doi":"10.3390/d15101093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d15101093","url":null,"abstract":"The genetic variability of five populations of Quercus petraea originating from the Transylvania and Maramureș regions of Romania was investigated in this study to provide insights into the species’ adaptability, population dynamics, and potential for preservation in the face of environmental challenges. To achieve this, sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers, in conjunction with a set of 18 primer combinations, were employed. The outcomes of the analysis revealed a range of polymorphisms spanning from 69.78% to 85.75%. Additionally, the assessment of genetic diversity using Shannon’s information index (I) yielded values ranging between 0.2887 and 0.3955, while Nei’s gene diversity (He) exhibited a spectrum from 0.1833 to 0.2582. The analysis of genetic variability, conducted via molecular variance (AMOVA), unveiled that 9% of the genetic variation was attributable to differences among the populations, while a substantial 91% resided within the populations. A further investigation of the population structure revealed that the construction of a UPGMA dendrogram based on Nei’s genetic distances elucidated the presence of two principal genetic clusters, a finding that was reinforced by a Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA). The genetic diversity revealed by Quercus petraea using SRAP molecular markers offers promising potential for upcoming breeding programs to identify optimal genitors, facilitating the development of well-adapted oak populations in the Transylvania and Maramureș regions.","PeriodicalId":56006,"journal":{"name":"Diversity-Basel","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135778720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the Root Nodule Microbiome of the Exotic Tree Falcataria falcata (Fabaceae) in Guangdong, Southern China","authors":"Siyu Xiang, Shu Yan, Qianxi Lin, Rong Huang, Runhui Wang, Ruping Wei, Guandi Wu, Huiquan Zheng","doi":"10.3390/d15101092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d15101092","url":null,"abstract":"Falcataria falcata is an exotic tree species that was imported to southern China around 1940 and has been widely planted in the Guangdong province of China. Using the 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing approach, we investigated the composition of the bacterial endophytes in the root nodules of naturally grown F. falcata and elucidated the core bacterial endophyte group. Across all samples, there were 575 bacterial genera and 29 bacterial phyla. Proteobacteria accounted for 42–90% relative abundance in all regions. Notably, Bradyrhizobium, Paucibacter, Rhizobium, and Mesorhizobium were consistently detected in all regions studied. Among these, Bradyrhizobium (13–37%) and Paucibacter (1–34%) were the dominant genera. Despite the differences in endophytic amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) across all regions, our results demonstrate that some ASVs, which have been termed herein as commonly shared core ASVs (c-ASVs), still inhabit F. falcata root nodules across multiple regions simultaneously. More importantly, some c-ASVs dominated in F. falcata root nodules across multiple regions. This study demonstrated the consistency of the bacterial endophyte communities of F. falcata root nodules.","PeriodicalId":56006,"journal":{"name":"Diversity-Basel","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135889655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal Patterns in the Distribution of Albacore, Bigeye, Skipjack, and Yellowfin Tuna Species within the Exclusive Economic Zones of Tonga for the Years 2002 to 2018","authors":"Siosaia Vaihola, Dawit Yemane, Stuart Kininmonth","doi":"10.3390/d15101091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/d15101091","url":null,"abstract":"The Tongan fisheries targeting the species of albacore (Thunnus alalunga), bigeye (Thunnus obesus), skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis), and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), comprising the main tuna catch landed, within the EEZ of Tonga is critical to the economy of Tonga. Thus, it is crucial to study the spatiotemporal pattern of their catch and the influence of environmental and physical variables, in addition to the month and year of the catch. To this end, sets of eight generalized additive models were applied to model the distribution of these four species. Selection among competing models was carried out based on k-fold cross-validation, using RMSPE prediction error as a measure of model predictive performance. The following sets of predictors were considered; sea surface temperature, sea surface chlorophyll, bottom depth, month, and year. In addition, to assess the influence of fronts, gradients in SST and Chl-a were computed and used as predictors. Catch year was the most important variable for all, except Albacore tuna, for which month was the important variable. The third most important variable was SST for albacore and bigeye tuna, whereas bottom depth was the most important variable for skipjack and yellowfin tuna. A standardized index of CPUE indicates mostly inter-annual variation in CPUE for albacore and bigeye tuna, whereas a it indicates a general increase in CPUE for skipjack and yellowfin tuna. Hotspots of albacore tuna catches are around the northern and southern edges of the exclusive economic zone and typically during the months of June to August. The bigeye tuna hotspots were concentrated on the eastern side of the islands, in waters overlying trenches; this was most obvious during the months of January to June. Skipjack tuna hotspots were near the edges of the exclusive economic zone, although it is caught in smaller amounts to the three tuna species considered and higher catch rates were observed only after 2014. For yellowfin tuna, the highest catch rates were concentrated around the islands and descending towards the southern edge of the EEZ. As part of the initiative of this study to support national optimal resource management, this study generated standardized CPUE (indices of abundance), an important input in stock assessment, and also looked into the potential influence of environmental and physical variables on the CPUE of these valuable tuna stocks within the EEZ of Tonga.","PeriodicalId":56006,"journal":{"name":"Diversity-Basel","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135888478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}