Agricultural Science and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Physical-chemical composition and technological properties of demineralized milk whey received by membrane methods","authors":"I. Romanchuk, A. Minorova, N. Krushelnytska","doi":"10.15407/AGRISP5.03.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/AGRISP5.03.033","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To investigate the composition and properties of the samples of cheese and acid milk whey, obtained in industrial conditions using a combination of nanofi ltration and electrodialysis methods. Methods. Determi- nation of physical-chemical indices using standard methods, study of functional-technological properties of demineralized whey by common methods. Results. It was established that there was high effi ciency of apply- ing membrane methods for processing of secondary resources in current conditions of raw materials source, which are presented by different kinds of milk whey, formed during cheese production. It was determined that processing of different kinds of whey using the combination of nanofi ltration and electrodialysis methods led to a considerable decrease in the content of ash compared to the initial whey. The level of demineraliza- tion of cheese whey may amount to 90 %, that of acid whey – 75 %. In addition to dry kinds of whey, liquid demineralized whey is of some interest for practical\u0000application, which may be used during the production of sour-milk and milk-containing drinks due to a high content of dry substances. It was found that the increase in protein content in dry demineralized whey, obtained using the complex of membrane methods of processing, led to a considerable increase in its foam-forming, moisture-retaining, fat-retaining and emulsifying abilities compared to milk whey, obtained by a traditional technology. Conclusions. It was established that dry demin- eralized whey, obtained by a combination of nanofi ltration and electrodialysis methods, had better organoleptic and physical-chemical indices compared to dry whey. The investigated industrial samples were remarkable for improved functional and technological properties which allows using them in the formulations of other food products.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42072612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation of erosion resistance of gray forest soils in the conditions of Carpathian region","authors":"O. Kachmar, O. Vavrynovych, A. Dubytska, V. Ivaniuk","doi":"10.15407/AGRISP5.03.047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/AGRISP5.03.047","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the impact of perennial grasses mixtures on the formation of erosion resistance of gray forest soils of different degradation degree and their unmodifi ed analogues in conditions of long-term permanent experiment. Methods. Field, laboratory, assessment and comparison. Results. It was established that lupine- cereal grass mixtures increased erosion resistance of slope soils considerably within fi fteen years. The sum of soil structural aggregates was improved from satisfactory into good category. There were positive changes in the number of water-resistant aggregates as well. The studies confi rmed a positive impact of legume-grasses on the density and porosity of soil. Soil density was the lowest when the slope was laid down in perennial lupine and its mixture with cereal grasses. The intensifi cation of soil erosion and the approximation of the illuvial horizon level to the surface resulted in the compaction of upper soil layers to 1.29–1.44 g/cc. General porosity of soil correlated with its\u0000density which did not exceed optimal values in poorly eroded soils in upper layers. The studies proved the impact of the ways of laying down the slope in grass and the level of soil degradation on its humidity and water permeability. In the experiment conditions, the increase in soil degradation led to the decrease in its moisture. The decrease in the content of humidity in crop fi eld took place at the expense of higher intensity of the growth and water consumption of lupine-cereal grasses in comparison with natural mixed herbs, especially in the periods with a small amount of precipitation. The difference in the upper soil layers was in the range of 0.2–0.5 %. It was established that the highest values of soil water permeability were formed on lupine-cereal grass mixtures in all the variants of degraded soils. Conclusions. Laying down slope lands in perennial lupine in combination with cereal grasses promotes the formation of their higher resistance to erosion processes and restoration of fertility.\u0000Perennial legume-cereal mixtures ensure the improvement of structural-aggregate state, total density and porosity of soil, enhance its water supply and water permeability.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44868250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies of decreasing harmfulness of fusariosis agents in agrophytocenoses","authors":"V. Schwartau, O. Zozulia, L. Mykhalska, O. Sanin","doi":"10.15407/AGRISP5.03.060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/AGRISP5.03.060","url":null,"abstract":"60 In recent years the problems of excessive eld infections due to fusariosis agents have risen to a dangerously high level. Every 2–4 years, up to 5–15 % of winter cereal elds perish due to root rot infections, primarily, fusarioses. Practically each year a considerable share of Ukrainian grain is ranked lower since the elds are infected with fusariosis and cereals are damaged by mycotoxins. Agrophytocenoses with Fusarium inoculum are contaminated at a global level. Rather low levels of controlling the disease using current agrotechnical and chemical protection means urge geneticists and breeders to create varieties and hybrids of cultivated plants, resistant to Fusarium species. However, the results of industrial experiments in all soil-climatic regions of Ukraine have demonstrated that novel genetic and biotechnological achievements and introduction of varieties/hybrids of cereals, resistant to fusariosis, cannot ensure a proper level of controlling the disease and a possibility of obtaining high quality grain. Thus, it is important to pay attention to all the constituents of the technologies of cultivating plants while elaborating the means of effective control over fusarioses in cereals, which has also been noted by prominent phytopathologists in their works – from classic (Bilay) to modern ones (Gagkaeva, Retman, McMullen) [1–12]. Some means of controlling fusarioses are not ef cient enough and thus cannot ensure a proper level of controlling the disease. Therefore, it is possible to achieve high and quality yields of cereals via complex application of different strategies of disease control: breeding resistant species/hybrids, agrotechnical means, rst and foremost, returning the plant production of the country to biologically substantiated crop rotations and applying highly ef cient fungicides, ensuring a better way of maintaining crop productiv© V. V. SCHWARTAU, O. L. ZOZULIA, L. M. MYKHALSKA, O. Yu. SANIN, 2018 ISSN: 2312-3370, Agricultural Science and Practice, 2018, Vol. 5, No. 3","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43471182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation of seed productivity and sowing qualities of red clover seed depending on the effect of lime, mineral and water-soluble fertilizers","authors":"S. Antoniv, S. Kolisnyk, O. Zapruta","doi":"10.15407/AGRISP5.03.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/AGRISP5.03.027","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Development of effi cient fertilization of red clover seed sowings with mineral, lime and microfertilizers in order to optimize plant nutrition during their vegetation period to obtain stable seed yields with high sowing and yield qualities. Methods. fi eld, visual, measuring, weight, quantitative, method of a test sheaf, laboratory, mathematical-statistical. Results. The paper presents the results of optimizing the nutrition of red clover seed sowings on the basis of the rational application of quick-acting lime (Ca(OH) 2 – 0.5 of the rate by hydrolytic acidity, mineral (N 30 P 60 K 60 ) and water-soluble fertilizers, which ensured seed yield increase 1.8–2.0 times at the level of 0.35–0.40 t/ha. Conclusions. The most effective combination of the basic fertilization with mineral fertilizers (N 30 P 60 K 60 ) and lime fertilizers (Са(ОН) 2 ) at the rate of 0.5 by hydrolytic acidity applied under the cover crop using water-soluble fertilizer (plantafol – 1.0 kg/ha) and boric fertilizers (H 3 BO 4 – 0.8\u0000kg/ha) at the shooting stage of the second cut of red clover and molybdenum fertilizers ((CNH 4 ) 2 MoO 4 – 0.3 kg/ha) in spring at the beginning of its regrowth.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45469847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viability of sperm cells of boars at the addition of fi nely dispersive silica to cryopreservation and defrosting media","authors":"O. Shcherbak, S. Kovtun","doi":"10.15407/AGRISP5.03.054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/AGRISP5.03.054","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42889558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studying the conditions of assembling traction-drive soil-processing aggregates with tractors of traction-energy concept","authors":"V. Adamchuk, V. Bulgakov, I. Holovach, V. Kuvachov","doi":"10.15407/AGRISP5.02.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/AGRISP5.02.027","url":null,"abstract":"At present the appearance of novel energy-saturated tractors of traction-energy concept requires not only new principles of their aggregating but also the method of assembling aggregates on their basis. Aim. To increase the effi ciency of assembling soil-processing aggregates with traction and drive working units based on energy- saturated tractors of traction-energy concept. Methods. The study involved the use of the methods of tractor theory, use of machines, fi eld experimental investigations, statistical methods of processing study results, as well as methods of composing programs and numerical computations on PC. Results. The method of assem- bling soil-processing aggregates with traction and drive working units was suggested on the basis of technical information, available for a wide audience of specialists. Conclusions. The problem of assembling soil-pro- cessing aggregates with traction and drive working units on the basis of energy-saturated tractors of tractor- energy concept should be solved with\u0000the consideration of the suggested condition of useful power via traction, determined by the friction properties of a tractor, and the power which the tractor can actually transmit via a power take-off shaft or a hydrosystem.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49566045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of properties of biologically active substances and their content in cones of ukrainian hop varieties","authors":"L. Protsenko, M. Liashenko, A. Vlasenko, T. Hryniuk, O. Dobrovolny","doi":"10.15407/AGRISP5.02.052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/AGRISP5.02.052","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. According to the data of foreign studies, prenyl fl avonoids and bitter substances of hop have signifi cant antioxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-infl ammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties. Methods. A complex of the following methods was used: a monographic method, analysis, synthesis and comparison, mathematical-statistical and modern physical-chemical methods of determining qualitative indices of hop, special and common in hop-growing industry, which allowed obtaining scientifi cally valid results. Results. The modern level of knowledge about biologically active compounds of hop and their properties was analyzed, in particular, bitter substances and xanthohumol. The quantitative and qualitative content of bitter substances, essential oil and xanthohumol in hop varieties of Ukrainian, European and American breeding was studied. Among the Ukrainian varieties, the highest amount of xanthohumol was found in Ruslan and Xanthus varie- ties – 1.16 % and 1.06 % against dry substances\u0000respectively, and its minimal amount was detected in the cones of the bitter Alta variety. Among the European varieties, the highest amount of this substance is contained in the German variety HallertauerTaurus – 0.9–1.0 %, up to 1 % in the Czech variety Agnus and the English va- riety Admiral, with the content of 0.95 %–1.09 %. There is a strong correlation between the accumulation of xanthohumol and alpha acids in the formation and ripening of the cones. The maximal amount of xanthohumol is formed in the hop cones in the phase of complete technical ripeness. The content of this substance in hop cones depends on the breeding variety and is a varietal trait, genetically fi xed for each variety. The quantitative amount of xanthohumol may be one of biochemical criteria of identifying the variety. Conclusions. By their characteristics, the Ukrainian hop varieties correspond to the world’s analogues, namely, according to their bio- chemical and technological indices, hop varieties Klon-18 and Zlato Polissia\u0000correspond to the characteristics of the hop of the Czech Saaz variety, the biochemical indices of the bitter Alta variety correspond to the Ger- man variety Magnum, and such varieties as Slovianka and Zahrava exceed the world’s analogues considerably in the composition and quality of bitter substances and essential oils and are unique.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46405469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological farming in conditions of transformational changes in the agrarian production of Ukraine","authors":"V. Petrychenko, O. Voronetska","doi":"10.15407/AGRISP5.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/AGRISP5.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To highlight the peculiarities of transformational changes in land use in agrarian production in terms of soil fertility and farming effi ciency in Ukraine. To carry out a comparative analysis of the effi ciency of use of land resources in different European countries. To substantiate approaches to farming biologization in conditions of intensifi cation of agrarian production and climate change. Methods. Observation, comparison, analysis and synthesis, system analysis and forecast. Results. The results of long-term fundamental and applied researches on the effect of intensifi cation of agriculture on the productivity level of agrarian production have been analyzed. A benchmarking analysis of the effi ciency of use of land resources in Ukraine and European countries has been carried out. It has been established that as a result of economic activity the basic principle of interaction between the agriculture and livestock sector was violated, which does not allow to combine ef- fectively and use the\u0000intensifi cation factors, the principle of fruit variability is not applied when introducing short crop rotations of the market crops. Conclusions. The effectiveness of agrarian production in conditions of transformational changes depends on the biological farming, which should be targeted at the rational use of land resources, prevention of degradation, preservation and enhancement of soil fertility and sustainable land use in time, use of life factors of agricultural plants taking into account their biological requirements.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47698400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphogenesis of Miscanthus × Giganteus in vitro","authors":"O. Klyachenko, O. Nekrut","doi":"10.15407/AGRISP5.02.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/AGRISP5.02.013","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To obtain planting material of Miscanthus × giganteus in a large amount in order to study the peculiari- ties of morphogenesis of isolated meristem culture. Methods. The explants were sterilized using 70 % etha- nol and 0.1 % mercury bichloride, after that, the methods of plant cultivation and reproduction in vitro and statistical processing of the obtained data was performed. Results. The study presents the results of obtaining the regenerate plants from dormant buds of 3-year-old rhizomes of Miscanthus × giganteus. The Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (0.75 mg/L) and kinetin (1.2 mg/L) was found to be the best for regeneration of microsprouts, providing the maximum value of the regeneration index (95 %) and contributing to the development of the main sprouts and tillering. The obtained sprouts were rooted in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with half-dose of macro- and micronutrients without growth regulators. In doing so, rooting index made up 95.0–97.0 %.\u0000The best substrate for the adaptation of miscan- thus plants in vivo was found to be a mixture of peat, sand, and perlite in a ratio of 2 : 1 : 1, respectively. In this substrate, plant establishment reached 91 %. Conclusions. The peculiarities of morphogenesis in Miscan- thus × giganteus isolated meristem were studied. At the same time, the index of sprouts regeneration varied from 90.0 to 100.0 %. In addition, the development of the main sprout and multiple tillering occurred in 85.0– 100.0 % explant. The highest survivability of micro-plants (91–95 %) was provided in the peat-sand-perlite substrate in a ratio of 2 : 1 : 1.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42467773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of the effi ciency of applying nanocomposites as environmentally safe nanofertilizers to stimulate biometric indices of agricultural crops","authors":"M. Savchuk, M. Starodub, C. Bisio, M. Guidotti, M. Lisovyy","doi":"10.15407/AGRISP5.02.064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/AGRISP5.02.064","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To estimate the possibilities of applying nanocomposites on the basis of saponite to increase biomet- ric indices of corn hybrid Kharkivsky 340 MV. Methods. laboratory (method of scanning electronic micros- copy, method of fl uorescence induction of chlorophylls, spectrophotometric method of determining the num- ber of green pigments, methods of determining biometric indices of plants), statistical. Results. This article presents the results of investigating the impact of nanocomposites on biometric indices of corn hybrid Kharkivsky 340 MV. It was established that presowing treatment of corn seeds with aqueous solutions of nanocomposites on the basis of saponite in the concentration of 300 mg/l stimulated growth indices of plants. Presowing soaking of seeds in nanocomposite solutions increased the energy of germination, sprouting and length of hybrid corn seedlings. The action of nanocomposite Nb-saponite (Et) in the concentration of 300 mg/l leads to the increase in the germination energy by 10.6 %,\u0000the length of a stem part – 2-fold, root system – by 30.3 % and the laboratory germination of seeds is 100 %. The height of a stem of corn plants in the phase of three leaves after presowing treatment of seeds with nanocomposites Saponite (H), Nb-Saponite (Cl) and Nb-Saponite (Et) in the concentration of 300 mg/l exceeded the control by 31.7, 26.2 and 42.7 %, and the length of the root system increased twice. The action of Saponite (H) and Nb-Saponite (Cl) led to the increase in the number and length of the main roots of corn, and Nb-Saponite (Et) stimulated the development of additional roots and formation of root fi brilla. The presowing treatment of corn seeds with the solutions of nanocomposites Saponite (H), Nb-Saponite (Cl), Nb-Saponite (Et) in the concentration of 300 mg/l promoted the increase in the vegetative mass by 35, 27.9 and 56.4 % compared to the control. At the impact of nanocomposites, the area of the leaf plate of plants increased by 20.4 % on average. There was an increase in the sum of\u0000chlorophylls (a + b) in plants, whose seeds were previously treated with nanocomposites Nb-Saponite (Cl) and Nb-Saponite (Et) in the concentration of 300 mg/l by 41.2 and 40.6 % compared to the control. Conclusions. The application of nanocomposites on the basis of saponite in the concentration of 300 mg/l for presowing treatment of corn seeds of hybrid Kharkivskyi 340 MV promoted the activation of growth indices and improved the process of photosynthesis.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46838470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}