Juridica International最新文献_第4页

Russian Approaches to the Right of Peoples to Self-Determination: From the 1966 United Nations Covenants to Crimea 俄罗斯对待民族自决权的态度:从1966年联合国公约到克里米亚

Juridica International Pub Date : 2021-10-13 DOI: 10.12697/ji.2021.30.20

S. Poghosyan

{"title":"Russian Approaches to the Right of Peoples to Self-Determination: From the 1966 United Nations Covenants to Crimea","authors":"S. Poghosyan","doi":"10.12697/ji.2021.30.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12697/ji.2021.30.20","url":null,"abstract":"Two moments proved decisive for the development of the right of peoples to self determination in Russia, related to the Soviet approach in the de-colonisation era, as manifested in the 1966 United Nations Covenants, and Russia’s approach to this right after the 2014 annexation of Crimea: with its annexation of Crimea, Russia, just as the Soviet Union had in 1966, challenged the universality of the right to self-determination. The paper examines theory and practice of the right of peoples to self-determination in Russian context from a historical-legal perspective, to trace the roots of the contradictions found in Russia’s current approach to that right. Aimed at understanding the specifics of the Soviet approach to self-determination and considering the case of Crimea in light of analogies between the past and present approaches to the right, the discussion posits the existence of a link between the Soviet and the Russian approach to self-determination, on the basis of legal ties between post-1991 Russia and the Soviet Union established under the doctrine of state succession or continuity. The article offers support for the hypothesis that the current Russian approach to self-determination resembles the Soviet one in demonstrating legal flexibility characterised by self-interest, hypocrisy, and double standards. This calls for renewed discussion of the influence of Soviet international legal thinking on that of contemporary Russia.","PeriodicalId":55758,"journal":{"name":"Juridica International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43671560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

German Transplants in Estonian Tort Law: General Duties to Maintain Safety 爱沙尼亚侵权法中的德国移植：维护安全的一般义务

Juridica International Pub Date : 2021-10-13 DOI: 10.12697/ji.2021.30.15

Janno Lahe

{"title":"German Transplants in Estonian Tort Law: General Duties to Maintain Safety","authors":"Janno Lahe","doi":"10.12697/ji.2021.30.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12697/ji.2021.30.15","url":null,"abstract":"The jurisprudence and case-law approach of German tort law – and, more broadly, German-school legal thinking in general – has found its way into Estonian case law on torts and into Estonia’s scholarly texts on jurisprudence. From among the catalogue of transplants from German tort law that have reached Estonian law or legal practice, the paper focuses on one whose importance cannot be overestimated: the concept of tort liability based on breach of the general duty to maintain safety. This domain has witnessed remarkable change since the beginning of the 2000s, when an analogous concept of liability was still unfamiliar to many Estonian lawyers. The article examines whether and to what extent the concept of liability based on the general duty to maintain safety has become recognised in Estonian legal practice in the years since. Also assessed is the relevant case law to date, for ascertainment of whether any adoption of an equivalent concept of liability has been successful and, in either event, what problems remain to be resolved. \u0000The importance of this issue extends far beyond that of individual questions: the recognition of general duties to maintain safety affects our understanding of the very structure of tort law, of that of the general composition of tort, and of the connections that link the individual prerequisites for tort liability. Furthermore, this constellation influences our thought in the field of tort law more generally and our approach to the cases emerging in real-world legal practice.\u0000","PeriodicalId":55758,"journal":{"name":"Juridica International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47342043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ten Years of Tartu–Konstanz Co-operation: Joint Seminars on Private Law and Successfully Defended Doctoral Theses in the Faculty of Law of the University of Tartu 塔尔图-康斯坦茨合作十年:塔尔图大学法学院私法联合研讨会和博士论文成功答辩

Juridica International Pub Date : 2021-10-13 DOI: 10.12697/ji.2021.30.02

Irene Kull, Merike Ristikivi

引用次数: 0

Roboter als Rechtssubjekte – Der Streit um die E-Person 机器人作为法律主体——关于电子人的争议

Juridica International Pub Date : 2021-10-13 DOI: 10.12697/ji.2021.30.05

D. Forster, Janika Rieder

引用次数: 0

Is European Data Protection Toxic for Innovative AI? An Estonian Perspective 欧洲数据保护对创新人工智能有害吗？爱沙尼亚人的观点

Juridica International Pub Date : 2021-10-13 DOI: 10.12697/ji.2021.30.12

Paloma Krõõt Tupay, Martin Ebers, Jakob Juksaar, Kea Kohv

引用次数: 2

The Legal Meaning of a Detailed Spatial Plan in the Context of the Fundamental Right of Ownership 详细空间规划在基本所有权背景下的法律意义

Juridica International Pub Date : 2021-10-13 DOI: 10.12697/ji.2021.30.10

Heili Püümann

{"title":"The Legal Meaning of a Detailed Spatial Plan in the Context of the Fundamental Right of Ownership","authors":"Heili Püümann","doi":"10.12697/ji.2021.30.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12697/ji.2021.30.10","url":null,"abstract":"The article represents an effort to determine what the legal meaning of a detailed plan is within the context of the fundamental right of ownership. A detailed plan could be understood under Estonian law as a restriction of the fundamental right of ownership or, alternatively, could come under the legal concept of ‘designing the fundamental right of ownership’. The distinction between these two legal concepts is important because they fall under two separate schemes of legal regulation in light of the Constitution of the Republic of Estonia, which differ from each other considerably. If a detailed plan and the conditions laid down therein fall under the ‘restriction of the fundamental right of ownership’ legal concept, the detailed plan and its conditions must be compliant with the requirements foreseen by the Constitution for any establishment of a restriction to a fundamental right. This question is still unresolved in Estonian law. \u0000\u0000To aid in finding a solution that addresses the main research question, the article presents answers for the following sub-questions: i) what the legal effect and meaning of a detailed plan is, ii) how to understand the legal concept of ‘restriction of the fundamental right of ownership’ and how to distinguish between that legal concept and the other one, and iii) what the scope of the protection of the fundamental right of ownership is in light of public construction law.\u0000","PeriodicalId":55758,"journal":{"name":"Juridica International","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41408473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bank Recovery and Resolution Measures’ Restrictive Effects on Appealing Against Them 银行追回与处置措施对上诉的制约作用

Juridica International Pub Date : 2021-10-13 DOI: 10.12697/ji.2021.30.18

Martin Maarand

引用次数: 0

Die Transplantate vom deutschen Recht für die Reform des Privatrechts in Estland. Am Beispiel des Abstraktionsprinzips 从德国法律移植到爱沙尼亚私法改革。使用抽象原理的示例

Juridica International Pub Date : 2021-10-13 DOI: 10.12697/ji.2021.30.14

Villu Kõve

{"title":"Die Transplantate vom deutschen Recht für die Reform des Privatrechts in Estland. Am Beispiel des Abstraktionsprinzips","authors":"Villu Kõve","doi":"10.12697/ji.2021.30.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12697/ji.2021.30.14","url":null,"abstract":"Estonia is one of the few countries where the abstraction principle (Abstraktionsprinzip) is recognised as the basis for title transfer in property law. Derived from the works of Savigny and from Germany’s strong land-register system, it is also among the basic principles of property law in Germany (the foundations of the BGB). In most countries, however, transfer of title is causal. The article describes how Estonia adopted and adapted German legal doctrine and thinking in this important field of law. This path was a long one, even though Estonian law has deep connections to German traditions. Before 1940, Estonia’s most important legal act was the Baltic Private Law Act, wherein the abstraction principle clearly was not recognised and the causal transfer of title formed the grounds in property law. In the Soviet era, though property law was given far less emphasis, the causal approach still served as its basis. When Estonia became independent, in the early 1990s, a new system of property law was urgently needed for purposes of land reform and for implementing the land-register system. German support for preparing the new Law of Property Act along the lines of German law was accepted, and the new law entered into force in 1993. Remarkably, at the beginning of this process it was not certain whether the abstraction principle would get implemented, but it became accepted through almost a decade of case law, and the new laws were later amended such that the principle was – unlike in German law – clearly formulated (in the General Part of the Civil Code). The abstraction principle has been an important part of Estonian property law and legal thinking ever since, firmly established both in legal theory and in case law. This process demonstrates well how a legal transplant from a given legal system can work in another.","PeriodicalId":55758,"journal":{"name":"Juridica International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48315694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Zum kollisionsrechtlichen Umgang mit sachenrechtlichen Eigentumsvermutungen aus dem Besitz 财产所有权推定的法律冲突处理

Juridica International Pub Date : 2021-10-13 DOI: 10.12697/ji.2021.30.11

Aleksandar Zivanic

引用次数: 0

Zugang zum Recht – Beobachtungen zur Kostendimension 诉诸司法——关于成本方面的意见

Juridica International Pub Date : 2021-10-13 DOI: 10.12697/ji.2021.30.13

Julia Florian

{"title":"Zugang zum Recht – Beobachtungen zur Kostendimension","authors":"Julia Florian","doi":"10.12697/ji.2021.30.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12697/ji.2021.30.13","url":null,"abstract":"Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, ob der Zugang zum Recht und zum gerichtlichen Rechtsschutz – sich aus dem Rechtsstaatsprinzip speisender Belang von Verfassungsrang – in jüngster Zeit vermehrt durch marktbasierte Finanzierungsintervention sichergestellt wird und sich dadurch eine weitere Abkehr von der staatlichen Kostenhilfe vollzieht. Die Autorin schildert zunächst die Entwicklung der staatlichen Kostenhilfe in Deutschland, bis hin zur merklichen Reduktion durch das Gesetz zur Begrenzung der Aufwendungen für die Prozesskostenhilfe. Weiter wird beleuchtet, ob im Anschluss daran eine Bedürfnisidentifizierung stattgefunden hat, die Alternativen zu Tage förderte, die dem Zugang zum Recht entgegenstehende finanzielle Hindernisse weiter abbauen. Die Verfasserin bezweifelt, ob dies in einem ausreichenden Maß geschehen ist respektive geschieht. Anschließend werden die neusten Entwicklungen am deutschen Rechtsdienstleistungsmarkt geschildert, die beim Zugang zum Recht eine zunehmend wichtige Rolle spielen. Fraglich ist, ob diese mit dem Rechtdienstleistungsgesetz vereinbar sind, stellt doch das Rechtsdienstleistungsrecht eine der marktbasierten Finanzierungsintervention entgegenstehendes Hindernis dar. Abschließend gilt festzuhalten, dass die Liberalisierungsbestrebungen des Gesetzgebers und jüngst der Rechtsprechung dazu geführt haben, dass das Rechtsdienstleistungsgesetz kein unüberwindbares Hindernis darstellt.","PeriodicalId":55758,"journal":{"name":"Juridica International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45816011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0