Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research最新文献

{"title":"Karakter Fisik dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Nanopartikel Perak Hasil Green Synthesis Menggunakan Ekstrak Air Daun Sendok (Plantago major L.)","authors":"Komang Tri Aksari Dewi, Kartini Kartini, Johan Sukweenadhi, Christina Avanti","doi":"10.7454/PSR.V6I2.4220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/PSR.V6I2.4220","url":null,"abstract":"Silver nanoparticles have been studied for its application in wound healing therapy, while aqueous extract of Plantago major L has been studied also for its antibacterial and wound healing activity. This study aimed to obtain silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) through a green synthesis pathway using aqueous extract of Plantago major L. The initial study was performed to optimize the three concentration points of Plantago major L. aqueous extract, namely 0.125%, 0.25% and 0.5% and three synthetic temperature points (60 °C, 70 °C, and 80 °C). The formation of AgNPs were confirmed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer which shows a peak at a wavelength of 445 nm. The obtained silver nanoparticles were then characterized using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS Nano), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) dan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The study showed that the extract concentration of 0.25% with an optimum temperature of 70 °C was the optimal combination to produce the best AgNPs, based on the organoleptic parameters (as the color of silver was produced), the highest yield with weight of 9.13 mg and particle size of 129.20 nm with Polydispersity Index (PDI) of 0.25. The morphology of AgNPs showed the spherical shape and the crystallization of AgNPs showed a diffractogram pattern similar to the silver standard using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Antibacterial activity of AgNPs was tested against three bacterial strains, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and was measured with diffusion method using paper disc. The antibacterial activity testing showed that AgNPS has better antibacterial activity than silver nitrate and is equivalent to its comparative antibiotics, gentamicin sulfate for gram-negative bacteria and Chloramphenicol for gram-positive bacteria. Nanopartikel perak telah diteliti pemanfaatannya untuk terapi penyembuhan luka, dan ekstrak air daun sendok (Plantago major L.) juga diteliti aktivitasnya sebagai antibakteri dan penyembuhan luka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan nanopartikel perak (AgNPs) melalui jalur green synthesis menggunakan ekstrak air daun sendok (Plantago major L.). Tahap awal penelitian dilakukan dengan melakukan optimasi terhadap tiga konsentrasi ekstrak air Daun Sendok, yaitu 0,125%, 0,25% dan 0,5% dan tiga suhu sintesis yaitu 60°C, 70°C, dan 80°C. Terbentuknya AgNPs dikonfirmasi menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis yang menunjukkan puncak pada panjang gelombang 445 nm. Nanopartikel perak yang terbentuk dikarakterisasi dengan Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS Nano), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) dan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Aktivitas antibakteri AgNPs diuji terhadap tiga strain bakteri, yaitu Staphylococcus aureus, Eschericia coli, dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa ditentukan dengan metode difusi menggunakan paper disc. Hasil optimasi menunjukkan konsentrasi ekstrak tanaman 0,25% dengan suhu sintesis 70°C merupakan kombinasi optimum untuk menghasilkan AgNPs terbaik, dilihat dari parameter organoleptis b","PeriodicalId":55754,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49240268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of PVA-Arabic Gum–Honey-based Electrospun Nanofibers as Candidate Carrier for Peptide and Protein Delivery","authors":"Ningsih Rezeki, K. Khairurrijal, Silvia Surini","doi":"10.7454/PSR.V6I2.4552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/PSR.V6I2.4552","url":null,"abstract":"Nanofibers dressing exhibit several advantageous characteristics for accelerating wound healing, such as its similar structure to the extracellular matrix (ECM), high surface area/volume ratio, high porosity and high loading capacity of drug. The nanofibers dressing which were prepared by the electrospinning technique using combination of synthetic and natural polymer excipients capable of fulfilling the ideal wound dressing criteria. This study aimed to develop nanofibers dressing prepared from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Arabic gum (GA) and honey by electrospinning method. This study focused on the effect of electrospinning parameters and the morphology of electrospun nanofibers of the blended solutions made from PVA (9% w/v) – GA (1% w/v) and honey (at varied concentrations of 0;1;3% w/v) with or without Triton X-100 (0.05% v/v). The effect of varied process parameters such as voltage and flow rate in electrospinning was also investigated. The blended solutions with the various concentration of honey at 0;1;3% w/v and Triton X-100 were named as FAt, FBt, and FCt, respectively, while the blended solutions without Triton X-100, were named as FA, FB, and FC. The optimum electrospining parameter were 18 KV and 5 µl/minute for FAt, FBt, and FCt; and 20 KV and 10 µl/minute for FA, FB, and FC. Electrospun nanofibers of FAt, FBt, FCt showed smoother and more uniform fibers in comparison to the nanofibers FA, FB, and FC. The average nanofibers diameter of FAt, FBt, FCt were 244±45; 266±45; 283±57 nm, respectively, while the average nanofibers diameter of FA, FB, FC was 406±140, 457±168, 594±204 nm, respectively. Higher concentration of honey increased the diameters of nanofibers. The average nanofibers diameter of FAt, FBt, and FCt were within nanoscale in range of the ECM (50-500 nm), which were suitable for accelerating wound healing. Therefore, this study indicated that PVA-GA-honey nanofibers dressing is suitable to be further developed as carrier for growth factors.","PeriodicalId":55754,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7454/PSR.V6I2.4552","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48552698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimasi Komposisi Lactobacillus bulgaricus dan Streptococcus thermophilus pada Yogurt Terfortifikasi Buah Lakum (Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin) sebagai Antibakteri terhadap Escherichia coli","authors":"I. Rahman, Nurkhasanah, Ika Dyah Kumalasari","doi":"10.7454/PSR.V6I2.4459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/PSR.V6I2.4459","url":null,"abstract":"Optimasi komposisi Lactobacillus bulgaricus dan Streptococcus thermophilus pada yogurt terfortifikasi buah lakum (Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin) sebagai antibakteri terhadap Escherichia coli telah dilakukan. Yogurt dibuat dengan memfermentasikan susu bubuk full cream dengan penambahan variasi kultur bakteri L. bulgaricus dan S. thermophilus, serta penambahan ekstrak buah lakum. Proses fermentasi sangat bergantung pada kultur bakteri yang digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi optimal bakteri  L. bulgaricus dan S. thermophilus pada yogurt terfortifikasi buah lakum sebagai antibakteri pada E. coli. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara memvariasikan komposisi bakteri L. bulgaricus dan S. thermophilus pada yogurt buah lakum. Analisis terhadap yogurt buah lakum dilakukan dengan pengujian stabilitas keasaman, pH, kadar antosianin dan aktivitas daya hambat terhadap bakteri E.coli. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan MANOVA (Multivariate Analysis of Variance). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa yogurt buah lakum dengan kombinasi L. bulgaricus dan S. thermophilus 2:1 (v/v) memberikan stabilitas yang baik selama penyimpanan dengan nilai keasaman yang meningkat dan pH yang turun. Kadar antosianin dalam yogurt selama penyimpanan mengalami penurunan dan yogurt plain (tanpa penambahan ekstrak buah lakum) dengan kombinasi L. bulgaricus dan S. thermophilus 2:1 (v/v) memiliki daya hambat terhadap bakteri E. coli dengan nilai yang paling tinggi. Optimization of composition of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus in yoghurt fortified by lakum fruit (Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin) extract as an antibacterial against Escherichia coli was investigated for the first time in this research. Yoghurt was made by fermenting milk with several compositions of L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus as starter cultures and also adding lakum fruit extract as an antibacterial against E. coli. The fermentation process was depended on the bacterial culture used. The aim of the research was to determine the optimal composition of L. Bulgaricus and S. thermophilus bacteria in lakum fruit yoghurt as an antibacterial against E. coli. The research was done by making variation of composition of L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus bacteria culture in lakum fruit yoghurt. Lakum fruit yoghurt was analysed with acidity stability test, pH, anthocyanin level and inhibitory activity against E. coli. The data analysis was done with MANOVA (Multivariate Analysis of Variance). The results showed that lakum fruit yoghurt with composition of L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus 2:1 (v/v) had a good stability with increased acidity dan decreased pH. The value of anthocyanin in lakum fruit yogurt decreased and plain yoghurt (without lakum fruit extract) with composition of L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus 2:1 (v/v) gave the highest inhibitory value against E. coli.","PeriodicalId":55754,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7454/PSR.V6I2.4459","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41859031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antidiabetics activity of salam koja (murraya koenigii ) leaves tea bag","authors":"A. Widayanti, Yudi Srifiana, Kriana Efendi","doi":"10.7454/PSR.V6I2.4172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/PSR.V6I2.4172","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Koja bay leaves (Murraya koenigii) which mostly cultivated in Indonesia and the leaves usually used by Aceh people as a flavoring agent for food, has been known to have an antidiabetic effect.. In this study, we analyzed the antidiabetic effect of koja bay leaves tea bags which commercially available. Methods : The two variant doses of koja bay leaves tea bag (411.11 mg/g body weight and 822.22 mg/g body weight) were administered to 25 male rats which divided into five groups. The antidiabetic activity was determined by measuring blood glucose of rats administered by koja bay leaves tea bag compared to blood glucose of rats in positive control which was given glibenclamide negative control, and normal control. Results : The results showed that dose 1 and 2 decreased blood glucose level by 51.27% and 45.17%, respectively, fairly similar to the glibenclamide (63.38%). Conclusion : Koja bay leaves tea bag have comparable activity with glibenclamide in reducing the blood glucose level.","PeriodicalId":55754,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48172289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Antioxidant and Anti-collagenase Activity of Genistein and Epicatechin","authors":"Geeta, W. Widodo, W. Widowati, C. Ginting, I. Lister, Adek Armansyah, E. Girsang, Biomolecular","doi":"10.7454/PSR.V6I2.4510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/PSR.V6I2.4510","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Skin aging is a complex natural process caused by both intrinsic or genetically programmed aging and extrinsic aging caused by environmental factors, such as free radical. The use of antioxidant and anti-collagenase to prevent the aging proses has been known. Natural compounds from plants are one of the sources of antioxidant and anti-collagenase that has ability to prevent aging. Genistein and Epicatechin are the major phenolic compound found in G. max. Objectives : This research was to evaluate the antiaging potential of genistein and epicatechin through antioxidant activity assay (ABTS-reducing activity assay) and collagenase inhibitory activity assay. Methods : Antioxidant analysis of Genistein and Epicatechin was performed by 2,2’- azinobis-3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) reducing activity Assay. Antiaging assay was conducted through inhibitory of collagenase, one of important enzyme in aging process. Results : ABTS- reducing activity assay showed that both compounds had great ABTS-reducing activity in which epicatechin had better activity than genistein. Epicatechin had low value of IC50 ABTS-reducing activity around 14.39 µg/ml better than genistein with IC50 about 43.17 µg/ml. In terms of collagenase inhibitory activity assay, epicatechin had lower value of IC50 (9.08+-3.46 ug/ml), better than genistein (98.74+-4.25 ug/ml). Conclusion : Epicatechin had higher antioxidant and anti- collagenase activity compared to Genistein.","PeriodicalId":55754,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7454/PSR.V6I2.4510","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41337861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perbandingan Penggunaan Efavirenz dan Nevirapine Terhadap Kolesterol LDL Pasien HIV/AIDS","authors":"Yusi Anggriani, Evy Yunihastuti, Yulia Trisna, Ade Rosanti, Reise Manninda, R. Annisa","doi":"10.7454/PSR.V6I2.4225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/PSR.V6I2.4225","url":null,"abstract":"Gangguan metabolik lipid merupakan kondisi yang sering ditemukan pada pasien HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)/AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) pada pasien yang menggunakan antiretroviral (ARV) lini pertama seperti efavirenz dan nevirapine. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kolesterol LDL pasien HIV/AIDS pasien yang menggunakan efavirenz dan nevirapine. Penelitian dilakukan secara prospektif selama 2 bulan. Responden penelitian adalah pasien yang menggunakan ARV lini pertama minimal selama enam bulan, berusia ≥18 tahun, bukan wanita hamil, tidak mengidap infeksi oportunistik mycobacterium ovium complex, dan tidak mengkonsumsi antihiperlipidemia, kortikosteroid, retinoid selama 3 bulan terakhir. Jumlah pasien yang digunakan sebanyak 70 orang dan dibagi menjadi dua kelompok. Analisa ststistik T independent digunakan untuk membandingkan kolesterol LDL antara kelompok efavirenz dan neverapine. Kelompok efavirenz memiliki rata-rata kolesterol LDL sebesar 142,31 mg/dL ±41,461, sedangkan nevirapine 126,83 mg/dL ±40,55. Studi menunjukkan pasien yang menggunakan efavirenz memiliki kolesterol LDL lebih tinggi dibandingkan nevirapin namun tidak bermakna secara statistik. Lipid metabolism disorder is one of common condition among HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)/AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) patients who used first line antiretroviral efavirenz and nevirapine. This study was conducted to compare LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) cholesterol between two group HIV/AIDS patients with efavirenz and nevirapine. The prospective study was performed in 2 months. HIV/AIDS patients who used first line antiretroviral at least for 6 months, aged ≥18 years old, not pregnant, without Mycobacterium ovium complex opportunistic infection and antihyperlipidemic, corticosteroid, retinoid in last 3 months were included. The 70 patients who enrolled in this study were divided into two groups. The independent T test was carried out to analyze the different of LDL cholesterol between two group. The group of patients using efavirenz showed 142.31 ±41,461 mg/dL and the group of nevirapine 126.83 ±40,55 mg/dL LDL cholesterol. This study showed that patient with efavirenze had higher LDL than nevirapine, but not statistically different.","PeriodicalId":55754,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48984236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventive Effects of Alpha-Lipoic Acid on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction in Rats","authors":"F. M. Christianty, S. Suharjono, I. Susilo, J. Khotib","doi":"10.7454/PSR.V6I2.4321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/PSR.V6I2.4321","url":null,"abstract":"Endothelial dysfunction has been considered as one of the key initial events in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Several studies imply that chronic inflammation and oxidative stress play a critical role in endothelial dysfunction. The present study was designed to evaluate the preventive effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced endothelial dysfunction in rat based on malondialdehyde (MDA) level and vascular cell adhesion molecules-1 (VCAM-1) expression. Thirty Wistar rats were administered ALA for 2 weeks in different doses (30, 60, 120 mg.kg-1 BW) 1 hour before LPS 0.5 mg.kg-1 BW i.p challenge. The LPS was injected on 1st, 4th, and 9th day. MDA plasma level was analyzed with spectrophotometer λ 529 nm, and VCAM-1 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. Pretreatment with ALA for 14 days could decrease plasma MDA level on LPS-induced endothelial dysfunction in rats. However, only one group of ALA doses, 120 mg.kg-1 BW, showed significant difference with LPS untreated group statistically. It was also found that ALA, in all treatment groups, could attenuate VCAM-1 expression. These findings suggest that ALA had a protective effect against endothelial dysfunction and may potentially prevent vascular inflammatory disease.","PeriodicalId":55754,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41604458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effectivity of Losartan Tablet for Decreasing Fibrotic Tissue Formation in Gastrocnemius Muscle Injury Grade I of Rabbits","authors":"Boby Harul Priono, H. N. Rasyid, Y. Ismiarto, A. Ramdan","doi":"10.7454/PSR.V6I1.4256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/PSR.V6I1.4256","url":null,"abstract":"*Correspondence Email : bobyharulpriono@gmail.com ABSTRACT Muscle injuries among athletes require a complete recovery to be able to function optimally as before. However, in spite of implementing the management with PRICE (Protection, Rest, Immobilization, Compression and Elevation), during the recovery processes, fibrotic tissue will be formed, which is an unwanted non-functional muscle. Losartan is a blood pressure-lowering drug which has the inhibitory effect of inhibitory effect of TGF-β cytokines (fibrotic tissue regulators). TGF-β is the key to fibrotic formation and differentiation. Losartan has an effect on decreasing the TGF-β production and it may affect the fibrotic tissue. This research is conducted by an experimental comparative method on the rabbit as study objects. Based on Federer formula sampling, twenty samples totally occurred. The random sampling method is adopted for comparing fibrotic tissue in two different groups (control group and losartan group). Losartan is administered orally. There were significant differences in the proportion of fibrotic tissue between the sample groups. The losartan group showed that the level of fibrotic intensity, distribution, and H-score was decreased compared to the control group. Moreover, the result of Mann Whitney statistic test, for determining the H-score for both groups, showed that p is less than 0.05 (p<0.05), which implies that this research is statistically significant. This research proves that giving Losartan tablets brings a significant impact in reducing the formation of muscle fibrosis in muscle injury grade 1 in gastrocnemius rabbits.","PeriodicalId":55754,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48723406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of Losartan Transdermal Permeation using Oleic Acid Pretreatment: in Vitro Observation and in Vivo Prediction","authors":"Annas Binarjo, A. Nugroho","doi":"10.7454/PSR.V6I1.4120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/PSR.V6I1.4120","url":null,"abstract":"*Corresponding author Email: annasbinarjo@yahoo.co.id ABSTRACT The effect of oleic acid on losartan transdermal permeation has been observed to explore its ability as chemical enhancer. Potassium losartan solutions in citric buffer pH 5.0 were made in two levels of concentration i.e. 2 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL using propylene glycol 15% as solubilizing agent. Losartan transport from such solutions with and without oleic acid one hour pretreatment were tested using male Wistar rat skin as a membrane for 30 hours in vertical diffusion sel. The transport profiles were analyzed based on the lag time diffusion method. It is showed that oleic acid pretreatment did not effect on losartan permeation rate and efficiency of 2 mg/mL potassium losartan concentration. However, such pretreatment enhanced losartan permeation rate and efficiency 21 and 23-fold higher respectively for 10 mg/mL the potassium losartan concentration. It is predicted that losartan minimum effective plasma concentration can be achieved in transdermal administration through this transport improvement in normal application area.","PeriodicalId":55754,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47007594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effectiveness of Clinical Pharmacist Intervention in Reducing Drug Related Problems of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patient in Tangerang District General Hospital, Indonesia","authors":"Rizky Farmasita Budiastuti, Maksum Radji, Rini Purnamasari","doi":"10.7454/PSR.V6I1.3966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/PSR.V6I1.3966","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the clinical pharmacist interventions in reducing drug-related problems (DRPs) in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients in the Tangerang District General Hospital, Banten, Indonesia. This study used a prospective analysis of patients with a pre-post design between January-March 2017. The Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) (V6.2) pre-post study system was used to identify the DRPs of 138 patients. The Pharmacist interventions were addressed to physicians, patients, and other health professions to determine the effectiveness of pharmacist interventions before and after the intervention. The number of identified DRPs was 177 problems and the identified types of DRP was 164 types. The pharmacist interventions significantly decreased the DRPs from 177 to 10 DRPs (p 0.05) to the decreased of the number and type of DRPs. Clinical pharmacist interventions able to reduce the number and type of DRPs and can improve treatment outcomes in childhood ALL.","PeriodicalId":55754,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7454/PSR.V6I1.3966","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48740174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}