Auris Nasus Larynx最新文献

{"title":"Risk factors of pneumonia after thoracic aortic surgery","authors":"Akari Sawada ,&nbsp;Jun Suzuki ,&nbsp;Yusuke Suzuki ,&nbsp;Ryoukichi Ikeda ,&nbsp;Jun Ohta ,&nbsp;Ai Hirano-Kawamoto ,&nbsp;Yoshikatsu Saiki ,&nbsp;Yukio Katori","doi":"10.1016/j.anl.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anl.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Pneumonia is a common complication and a significant cause of mortality following cardiovascular surgery. This study aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors for pneumonia after thoracic aortic surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective review was conducted on the medical records of 380 patients who underwent thoracic aortic surgery between January 2016 and December 2019. Patients were classified into pneumonia and non-pneumonia groups based on postoperative outcomes. Pneumonia was further categorized as aspiration pneumonia, ventilation-associated pneumonia (VAP), or other types. Risk factors were identified through univariate and multivariate analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Postoperative pneumonia during hospitalization occurred in 30 patients (7.9 %), including 18 cases of aspiration pneumonia (4.7 %) and 9 cases of VAP (2.4 %). Risk factors identified included hoarseness before surgery, aortic arch replacement, longer anesthesia time, longer intubation duration, necessity for tracheostomy, cerebrovascular disease after surgery, and postoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. Multivariate analysis suggested that hoarseness before surgery and the necessity for tracheostomy were independent risk factors for pneumonia during hospitalization.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study identified key risk factors for postoperative pneumonia after thoracic aortic surgery. These findings may aid in identifying high-risk patients and implementing preventive strategies to reduce postoperative pneumonia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55627,"journal":{"name":"Auris Nasus Larynx","volume":"52 2","pages":"Pages 167-173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current state of causes, pathophysiology, and treatment methods of laryngeal and tracheal trauma in Japan","authors":"Fumihiko Sato,&nbsp;Hirohito Umeno,&nbsp;Shintaro Sueyoshi,&nbsp;Mioko Fukahori,&nbsp;Takashi Kurita,&nbsp;Shun-ichi Chitose","doi":"10.1016/j.anl.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anl.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Appropriately managing laryngeal and tracheal trauma is important. However, coherent reports on this appropriate management are limited and include inconsistent treatment methods. We sought to survey the causes, pathophysiology, and treatment methods of laryngeal and tracheal trauma in Japan. Furthermore, we aimed to propose a classification and treatment guidelines that enable consistent evaluation and treatment regardless of the evaluator or facility.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Based on a survey conducted at facilities certified by the Japan Broncho-Esophagological Society, we retrospectively evaluated 86 patients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were 84 cases of laryngeal trauma, of which 2 cases were complicated by tracheal trauma. Tracheal trauma was reported in 2 cases. The median age was 35.5 years; 68 (81 %) were male patients. The most common mechanism was sports-related laryngeal trauma (39 %). Airway management was performed in 11 patients (13 %), including tracheostomy in 9 patients. Laryngeal fractures were observed in 29 (35 %) patients, with reduction being performed in 12 patients. Based on clinical symptoms, the severity was classified according to the classification proposed by Umeno et al. [1]: group 1, 24 cases (28 %); group 2, 8 cases (9 %); group 3, 19 cases (22 %); group 4, 2 cases (2 %); unclassified, 13 cases (14 %); and no abnormalities, 21 cases (24 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We proposed Severity Classification and Treatment Guidelines for laryngeal trauma that could only evaluate the presence or absence of four clinical findings. Using this classification, the severity of almost all cases could be classified; treatment plans could be determined accordingly. Furthermore, the addition of comprehensive judgment using phonatory ability tests and acoustic analysis would enable consistent evaluation and treatment that are unlikely to differ among evaluators and institutions, which is expected to help establishing treatment of blunt laryngeal trauma in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55627,"journal":{"name":"Auris Nasus Larynx","volume":"52 2","pages":"Pages 146-151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143325939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensorineural hearing loss after concurrent chemoradiotherapy with high-dose cisplatin in head and neck cancer patients: Roles of nutrition and trace elements","authors":"Akira Ohkoshi ,&nbsp;Ryo Ishii ,&nbsp;Kenjiro Higashi ,&nbsp;Satoshi Toyoma ,&nbsp;Tadahisa Shishido ,&nbsp;Takaya Yamamoto ,&nbsp;Hinako Harada ,&nbsp;Ayako Nakanome ,&nbsp;Yukio Katori","doi":"10.1016/j.anl.2025.01.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anl.2025.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is one of the most important adverse events of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with high-dose cisplatin for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This retrospective study aimed to elucidate the effects of nutritional status and trace elements on the development of SNHL.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective review of 211 ears from 109 patients with HNSCC who underwent CCRT with high-dose cisplatin was performed. SNHL of each ear was classified according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0, and possible contributing factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Age, sex, primary site, clinical stage, treatment intent, smoking and drinking habits, history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, body mass index, serum albumin, trace elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Se), pretreatment average hearing level at 2–8 kHz, weight loss rate, cumulative cisplatin dose, and inner ear radiation dose were the variables evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that increased age, better pretreatment average hearing level at 2–8 kHz, and cumulative cisplatin dose were independent factors associated with the development of SNHL.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Nutritional status and trace elements were not associated with the development of SNHL caused by CCRT with high-dose cisplatin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55627,"journal":{"name":"Auris Nasus Larynx","volume":"52 2","pages":"Pages 141-145"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143326269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intra-aural swallowing sound analysis with simultaneous videofluoroscopy and cervical swallowing sound recording","authors":"Tomoyuki Haji ,&nbsp;Yumi Yamaguchi","doi":"10.1016/j.anl.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anl.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Haji et al. reported that characteristic click-like sounds during the swallowing reflex were recorded with a small lavalier microphone placed in the ear. They also reported that endoscopic and phototubometric observations showed that these sounds were likely related to the opening and closing of the Eustachian tube during swallowing. In the present study, we performed simultaneous videofluoroscopy and intra-aural swallowing sound recording, as well as simultaneous recording of intra-aural and cervical swallowing sounds, to further verify that intra-aural swallowing click sounds reflect the opening and closing of the Eustachian tube. Additionally, we sought to evaluate the characteristics and usefulness of these sounds for evaluating swallowing function and studying swallowing dynamics.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;We performed simultaneous videofluoroscopy and intra-aural swallowing sound recordings in 27 patients without ear lesions whose swallowing function was evaluated as normal, and simultaneous intra-aural and cervical swallowing sound recordings in 25 healthy young adults without subjective dysphagia or ear disease. Intra-aural swallowing sounds were recorded with a lavalier microphone placed in the ear. From simultaneous videofluoroscopy and intra-aural swallowing sound recordings, the point of rise of the intra-aural swallowing click sound, the point of nasopharyngeal closure, the point where the contrast medium reached the hypopharynx, and the point of maximum elevation of the larynx were determined, and their temporal relationship was examined. The differences between the simultaneously recorded intra-aural and cervical swallowing sounds were also investigated in dry and water swallowing.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Intra-aural swallowing click sounds occurred immediately before nasopharyngeal closure, followed by contrast medium reaching the hypopharynx and laryngeal elevation. Intra-aural swallowing click sounds were observed to precede cervical swallowing sounds in all cases of both saliva and water swallowing. Conversely, no corresponding click sounds were recorded in cervical swallowing sounds. The interval between the onset of the intra-aural swallowing click sounds and the maximum sound pressure of the cervical swallow sound was found to be significantly different between water and saliva swallowing.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The results of this study suggest that intra-aural swallowing click sounds are produced by the opening and closing of the Eustachian tube during swallowing and serve as a temporal indicator of the constant point at which the swallowing reflex begins its sequence. Therefore, recording and analyzing intra-aural swallowing click sounds could be a useful tool for studying swallowing dynamics and assessing swallowing function without the need for expensive equipment. It is important to note, however, that these click sounds may be influenced by Eustachi","PeriodicalId":55627,"journal":{"name":"Auris Nasus Larynx","volume":"52 1","pages":"Pages 20-26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142815191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A nationwide survey of dysphagia as a complication of deep neck infection with abscess in Japan","authors":"Rina Kato ,&nbsp;Ryota Iinuma ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Hidaka ,&nbsp;Kenichi Mori ,&nbsp;Hirofumi Shibata ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Okuda ,&nbsp;Kosuke Terazawa ,&nbsp;Natsuko Obara ,&nbsp;Yukio Katori ,&nbsp;Takenori Ogawa","doi":"10.1016/j.anl.2024.12.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anl.2024.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Deep neck infection with abscess (DNI) may cause dysphagia as a late complication. This study aimed to determine the rate of DNI related dysphagia (DNIRD) and the effectiveness of rehabilitation and surgery for DNIRD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>As a multicenter retrospective study, we conducted a nationwide survey by sending questionnaires to specialist training institutions certified by the Japan Broncho-esophagological Society (JBES). The questionnaire was sent to 227 facilities. This survey targeted patients with DNI aged 20 years or older who were hospitalized after April 1, 2011 and discharged by March 31, 2021.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 1058 cases of DNI included in this study, DNIRD was observed in 161 of 1058 patients (15.2 %). Of the 1058 cases of DNI, 139 cases showed descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) (13.1 %), and DNIRD was observed in 64 of the DNM cases (46 %). DNIRD cases tended to be older (71 ± 13.5 vs. 64 ± 17.7 years old, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), have a higher tracheostomy rate (91.3 % vs. 43.7 %, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001), and have a longer hospital stay (51 ± 34.7 vs. 17 ± 15.4 days, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001) than non-DNIRD cases. There were 125 cases in which only rehabilitation was performed, 8 cases in which surgery was performed to improve swallowing function, and 28 cases in which the natural course was observed. The improvement rates of DNIRD in the natural history group, rehabilitation group, and surgery group were 78.6 %, 91.8 %, and 100 %, respectively, and the rehabilitation group tended to improve more than the natural course group (<em>p</em> = 0.08).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This nationwide survey revealed that 15.2 % of patients with DNI resulted in DNIRD and that 46 % of descending necrotizing mediastinitis patients developed DNIRD. Rehabilitation for DNIRD is generally useful, and that additional surgical treatment can improve outcomes for DNIRD patients where rehabilitation alone is not effective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55627,"journal":{"name":"Auris Nasus Larynx","volume":"52 1","pages":"Pages 84-89"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Affinity purification of the outer hair cell motor protein prestin using His-tag","authors":"Manabu Inaba ,&nbsp;Hisashi Sugimoto ,&nbsp;Tomokazu Yoshizaki ,&nbsp;Michio Murakoshi","doi":"10.1016/j.anl.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anl.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The high sensitivity and broad frequency selectivity of mammalian hearing are associated with the somatic motility of outer hair cells (OHCs) in the cochlea. This motility is considered to be induced by conformational changes of the motor protein prestin expressing in the lateral plasma membrane of OHCs. Since its identification in 2000, prestin has been actively investigated and its structure and function have gradually been elucidated. These successes are partly due to the development of efficient expression and purification system of the membrane proteins including prestin. To obtain further understandings of prestin, the development of various types of such systems will be essential. However, recent study protocols on membrane proteins have often employed HEK293 cells and have become complexed with expression genes carrying several proteins and peptides for stabilization and purification of the expressed proteins. In the present study, a simple expression and purification system using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and Hi-tag was developed.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Full length gerbil prestin was transfected into modified mammalian expression vectors with C-terminal 6 × His-tag. After drug selection with G418 for 4 weeks, single colonies were isolated by limiting dilution method. Cell lines highly expressing prestin were selected (named 3D5, 4D7 and 3C8). These cells were gently disrupted using a Dounce tissue grinder. Membrane fractions were extracted by ultracentrifugation and affinity chromatography was performed. The efficiency of the purification process was evaluated by quantitative Western blotting using a standard protein.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the cell lines constructed, Western blotting analysis showed bands at around 100 kDa and the highest intensity was confirmed from the 3C8 cell line, indicating that this cell line has the highest expression of prestin molecules. The membrane fraction was therefore extracted from this cell line and subjected to the following purification procedure. It was found that 78.7 μg of prestin was purified from 2.0 × 10⁹ CHO cells.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In the present study, 78.7 μg of prestin was purified from 2.0 × 10⁹ CHO cells, which stably expressing 6 × His-tagged prestin, by extracting cell membrane fractions and standard affinity chromatography for His-tag.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55627,"journal":{"name":"Auris Nasus Larynx","volume":"52 1","pages":"Pages 12-19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone dehiscence of the facial canal during transmastoid decompression surgery is a poor prognostic factor in severe Bell's palsy","authors":"Toshiya Minakata ,&nbsp;Shinichi Esaki ,&nbsp;Kayoko Kabaya ,&nbsp;Sachiyo Katsumi ,&nbsp;Akira Inagaki ,&nbsp;Shingo Murakami ,&nbsp;Shinichi Iwasaki","doi":"10.1016/j.anl.2025.01.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anl.2025.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To investigate the incidence of facial canal dehiscence and its association with the recovery rate of facial palsy in patients with severe Bell's palsy who underwent transmastoid facial nerve decompression surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective study included 142 patients with severe Bell's palsy who underwent transmastoid decompression surgery. The presence of a facial canal dehiscence, the site of the dehiscence, the protrusion of the nerve from the dehiscence, and the recovery rate of facial palsy were investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A bone dehiscence of the facial canal was observed in 50 patients (35.2 %) during surgery, with most (92.5 %) being located in the tympanic segment. Protrusion of the facial nerve from the dehiscence was observed in 25 patients (17.6 %). The recovery rate of facial palsy was significantly better in patients without dehiscence of the facial canal (57.6 %) compared to those with bone dehiscence but lacking protrusion of the nerve (32.0 %; <em>p</em> = 0.044) or those having a bone dehiscence with protrusion of the nerve (28.0 %; <em>p</em> = 0.011).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Patients exhibiting dehiscence of the facial canal during transmastoid decompression surgery for severe Bell's palsy demonstrate a diminished recovery rate in comparison to those without dehiscence of the canal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55627,"journal":{"name":"Auris Nasus Larynx","volume":"52 2","pages":"Pages 132-136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction notice to “Clinicopathological significance of SOX4 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma” [Auris Nasus Larynx 48 (2021) 1167–1175]","authors":"Mingjie Zhang ,&nbsp;Hui Li ,&nbsp;Yuefeng Han ,&nbsp;Mengjun Wang ,&nbsp;Junjie Zhang ,&nbsp;Shiyin Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.anl.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anl.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55627,"journal":{"name":"Auris Nasus Larynx","volume":"52 1","pages":"Page 27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between nonserviceable hearing and auditory brainstem response in patients with vestibular schwannoma","authors":"Kohei Fukuda ,&nbsp;Shin Matsumoto ,&nbsp;Yuka Hattori ,&nbsp;Kazuki Takahashi ,&nbsp;Kotaro Osawa ,&nbsp;Yuki Hirose ,&nbsp;Masahide Matsuda ,&nbsp;Keiji Tabuchi","doi":"10.1016/j.anl.2024.12.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anl.2024.12.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The interpretation of ABR results in patients with vestibular schwannoma is often unclear. We investigated the correlation between serviceable hearing in patients with vestibular schwannoma (VS) and factors including auditory brainstem response (ABR) at their initial presentation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively analyzed initial magnetic resonance imaging findings, Gardner–Robertson (G&amp;R) classification, ABR, and related data from 72 patients with VS who visited our institution between February 2017 and January 2023. Factors affecting hearing thresholds and nonserviceable hearing were examined.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Univariate analysis revealed a significant association between nonserviceable hearing and Koos stage 4, ABR Ⅴ-wave negative, and tumor diameter ≥21.5 mm. In a multivariate analysis, ABR Ⅴ-wave negative was independently associated with nonserviceable hearing.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In the present single-center, retrospective sample population, inadequate Ⅴ-waves in the ABR were independently associated with nonserviceable hearing. The findings are useful in explaining serviceable hearing to patients with VS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55627,"journal":{"name":"Auris Nasus Larynx","volume":"52 1","pages":"Pages 39-42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142959418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Models for pure tone audiometry enabling computational evaluation: Introduction to Japanese extensive experiences","authors":"Ken Ito","doi":"10.1016/j.anl.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anl.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pure tone audiometry including “masking” is the most basic test in audiological medicine. Masking is based on theoretical models of sound perception and propagation and has been widely discussed since the 1950s. In Japan, such discussion has been conducted extensively, starting from early periods up to recent times, with success to enable mathematical simulation, but the achievements have little been disclosed to the English-speaking world. Here, Japanese experiences are introduced with explicit theoretical derivation from “Grand Principles (GPs)” appropriate for learning the basics of masking. Two models, Standard Masking Model and Extended Masking Model, are explained in detail with variables classified into three categories to avoid common misunderstandings. In particular, a smart heuristic method called “ABC” method, which makes excellent use of “sufficient masking” and “overmasking (cross-masking)”, is presented with computerized evaluation for its accuracy. The author hopes that this article will serve as a common basis for discussion among researchers and as a theoretical introduction for those motivated to learn masking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55627,"journal":{"name":"Auris Nasus Larynx","volume":"52 1","pages":"Pages 90-100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}