American Journal of the Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"The association between circulating fatty acids and stroke in hypertensive patients","authors":"Hao Peng PhD ,&nbsp;Xiao-Qin Cai MPH ,&nbsp;Juanying Zhen MD ,&nbsp;Jiangshan Jane Shen PhD ,&nbsp;Heng-shan Shen MPH ,&nbsp;Xin-han Wu MD ,&nbsp;Yi-bin Zhou MD ,&nbsp;Lijie Ren PhD ,&nbsp;Jun Wu PhD ,&nbsp;Aimin Xu PhD ,&nbsp;Tim K. Tsang PhD ,&nbsp;Bernard Man Yung Cheung PhD ,&nbsp;Chao Li PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.02.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.02.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Stroke is prevalent in hypertensive population. It has been suggested that unsaturated fatty acids (USFA) have protective effect on stroke. The effect of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) on stroke is still unclear. Therefore, we studied the relationship between circulating fatty acids and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in hypertensive patients.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Eighty-nine pairs including 100 men and 78 women matched by sex and age were recruited. Each pair included a hypertensive patient within 48h of AIS onset and a hypertensive patient without stroke. Six circulating fatty acids were methylated before concentration determination which was repeated twice with percent recovery estimated.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were differences in educational level (<em>P</em> = 0.002) and occupation (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) between stroke and non-stroke participants. All the 6 fatty acid levels were higher in non-stroke participants (<em>P</em> = 0.017 for palmitoleic acid, 0.001 for palmitic acid, &lt;0.001 for linoleic acid, &lt;0.001 for behenic acid, &lt;0.001 for nervonic acid and 0.002 for lignoceric acid). In logistic regression analysis, AIS was inversely associated with fatty acid levels except for lignoceric acid. After adjustment for education and occupation, the palmitoleic acid and palmitic acid levels were no longer inversely associated with AIS. After further adjustment for systolic blood pressure, smoking, drinking, total cholesterol and triglyceride, the inverse associations of linoleic acid (OR = 0.965, 95%CI = 0.942-0.990, <em>P</em> = 0.005), behenic acid (OR = 0.778, 95%CI = 0.664-0.939, <em>P</em> = 0.009), nervonic acid (OR = 0.323, 95%CI = 0.121-0.860, <em>P</em> = 0.024) with AIS remained significant.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Circulating fatty acids except lignoceric acid were inversely associated with AIS. Both USFAs and SFAs may have beneficial effect on stroke prevention in hypertensive population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of the Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140069050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Purpuric Tongue","authors":"Ching-Hsiang Yu ,&nbsp;Yu-Jang Su","doi":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of the Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140069048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rare case of malignant triton tumor in the common peroneal nerve","authors":"Xin Gan ,&nbsp;Yun-qian Zeng ,&nbsp;Ming-bo Nie,&nbsp;Hao Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of the Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140069043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary primitive neuroectodermal tumor presenting with a solitary pulmonary mass","authors":"Minli Lv MD,&nbsp;Jianquan Zhong MD,&nbsp;Hao Feng BD","doi":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of the Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140066411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MicroRNA-322-5p protects against myocardial infarction through targeting BTG2","authors":"Yang Ruan MD ,&nbsp;Shuai Meng MM ,&nbsp;Ruofei Jia MM ,&nbsp;Xiaojing Cao MD ,&nbsp;Zening Jin MD","doi":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.02.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.02.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Numerous studies have explored the therapeutic potential of microRNA (miR) in myocardial infarction (MI) treatment. This study focuses on the role of miR-322-5p in MI, particularly in its regulatory interaction with B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2).</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>Expression levels of miR-322-5p and BTG2 were assessed in a rat MI model. Adenovirus altering miR-322-5p or BTG2 expression were administered to MI rats. Evaluation included cardiac function, inflammation, myocardial injury, pathological changes, apoptosis, and NF-κB pathway-related genes in MI rats post-targeted treatment. The miR-322-5p and BTG2 targeting relationship was investigated.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>MI rats exhibited low miR-322-5p and high BTG2 expression in the myocardial tissues. Restoration of miR-322-5p enhanced cardiac function, alleviated inflammation and myocardial injury, mitigated pathological changes and apoptosis, and deactivated the NF-κB pathway in MI rats. BTG2 expression was negatively-regulated by miR-322-5p. Overexpressed BTG2 counteracted miR-322-5p-induced cardioprotection on MI rats.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study provides evidence that miR-322-5p protects against MI by suppressing BTG2 expression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of the Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140029953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating the mechanism of the Tibetan medicine sanguotang in treating gouty arthritis through network pharmacology and in vivo experiments","authors":"Cairang Nima MD ,&nbsp;Ladan Wanma MD ,&nbsp;Xianghong Jing MM ,&nbsp;Caidan Duojie BS ,&nbsp;Duojie Gazang MD ,&nbsp;Zengjia Ren MM","doi":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.02.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>We explored the mechanisms of <em>Sanguotang</em> (SGT), a Tibetan medicine, in treating gout arthritis (GA).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The main active components, action targets, and disease targets of SGT were identified through TCMSP databases. The gene functions were analyzed using protein interaction (PPI) networks, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and molecular docking. A GA model induced by monosodium urate was established in rats. The ankle joint swelling was observed. The levels of uric acid (UA) and albumin (ALB) in rat serum were measured. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was conducted to examine the pathological changes in rat ankle joints.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Twenty-nine active components of SGT with proven efficacy and 66 intersection targets were identified, primarily involved in inflammation and immune regulation pathways. The PPI results revealed that the key targets of SGT against GA included ALB, IL6, TNF, TP53, and PTGS. Molecular docking showed favorable binding energy between the ALB protein and the active components. The results from animal experiments demonstrated that SGT effectively alleviated the inflammatory reaction in ankle joints, and decreased UA and ALB levels. Furthermore, SGT effectively inhibited the proliferation of synovial cells in the ankle joint cavity, prevented infiltration of inflammatory cells, and protected synovial tissue, thereby improving GA.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>SGT comprehensively contributes to the treatment of GA by regulating UA metabolism, reducing the release of inflammatory factors, and modulating immune and inflammatory pathways.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of the Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140023853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcitriol ameliorates the progression of hepatic fibrosis through autophagy-related gene 16-like 1-mediated autophagy","authors":"Enshuang Guo PhD ,&nbsp;Huixing Yuan PhD ,&nbsp;Renlong Li PhD ,&nbsp;Jiankun Yang BS ,&nbsp;Shenpei Liu BS ,&nbsp;Anding Liu PhD ,&nbsp;Xiaojing Jiang PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.02.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Calcitriol has the potential to counteract fibrotic diseases beyond its classical action of maintaining calcium and bone metabolism; however, its functional mechanism remains unknown. Autophagy-related gene 16-like 1 (<em>Atg16l1</em>) is one of the genes related to autophagy and is involved in protecting against fibrotic diseases. The present study aimed to explore the contribution of autophagy to the inhibition of calcitriol-induced hepatic fibrosis, as well as its potential molecular mechanism.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Carbon tetrachloride (Ccl₄)-treated mice were established as hepatic fibrosis models and received calcitriol treatment for 6 weeks. Quantification of Sirius red staining and measurement of key fibrotic markers (collagen-1 and α-SMA) was performed to detect hepatic fibrosis. Chloroquine (CQ) treatment was used to observe autophagic flux, and 3-methyladenine (3-MA) was used to inhibit autophagy. Furthermore, the effects of calcitriol on transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1)-stimulated primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were detected. Downregulation of <em>Atg16l1</em> or vitamin D receptor (<em>VDR</em>) in LX-2 cells was used to explore the mechanism of action of calcitriol in fibrosis and autophagy. Additionally, the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was used to investigate the interactions between VDR and ATG16L1.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Calcitriol increased the expression of VDR and ATG16L1, enhanced autophagy and attenuated hepatic fibrosis. 3-MA treatment and <em>VDR</em> silencing abolished the protective effects of calcitriol against fibrosis. Calcitriol-induced anti-fibrosis effects were blocked by ATG16L1 suppression. Furthermore, VDR bound to the ATG16L1 promoter and downregulation of VDR decreased the expression of ATG16L1 in LX-2 cells.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Calcitriol mitigates hepatic fibrosis partly through ATG16L1-mediated autophagy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of the Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140023852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of heart failure on COVID-19 patients: An insight from nationwide inpatient sample","authors":"Nouraldeen Manasrah MD ,&nbsp;Sanchit Duhan MD ,&nbsp;Shafaqat Ali MD ,&nbsp;Lalitsiri Atti MD ,&nbsp;Bijeta Keisham MD ,&nbsp;Tarec Micho MD ,&nbsp;Anoop Titus MD ,&nbsp;Krutarth K. Pandya MD ,&nbsp;Neel N. Patel MD ,&nbsp;Dipan Uppal MD ,&nbsp;Yasar Sattar MD ,&nbsp;Wael A AlJaroudi MD ,&nbsp;M.Chadi Alraies MD","doi":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.02.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.02.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Patients with COVID-19 have been reported to experience adverse cardiovascular outcomes, such as myocarditis, acute myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Among these complications, heart failure (HF) has emerged as the most common critical complication during exacerbations of COVID-19, potentially leading to increased mortality rates and poorer clinical outcomes. We aimed to investigate the in-hospital outcomes of COVID-19 patients with HF.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We analyzed the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) dataset to select COVID-19 patients aged over 18 years who were hospitalized between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2020, using ICD-10. Based on the presence of acute HF, the patients were divided into two cohorts. The clinical outcomes and complications were assessed at index admissions using STATA v.17.\"</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>1,666,960 COVID-19 patients were hospitalized in 2020, of which 156,755 (9.4%) had associated HF. COVID-19 patients with HF had a mean age of (72.38 ± 13.50) years compared to (62.3 ± 17.67) years for patients without HF. The HF patients had a higher prevalence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, smoking, and preexisting cardiovascular disease. Additionally, after adjusting for baseline demographics and comorbidities, COVID-19 patients with HF had higher rates of in-hospital mortality (23.86% vs. 17.63%, p&lt;0.001), acute MI (18.83% vs. 10.91%, p&lt;0.001), acute stroke (0.78% vs. 0.58%, p=0.004), cardiogenic shock (2.56% vs. 0.69%, p&lt;0.001), and sudden cardiac arrest (5.54% vs. 3.41%, p&lt;0.001) compared to those without HF.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>COVID-19 patients admitted with acute HF had worse clinical outcomes, such as higher mortality, myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, and a higher length of stay and healthcare than patients without HF.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of the Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139992192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endovascular treatment of right pulmonary sequestration combined with pulmonary artery drainage","authors":"Xu Feng ,&nbsp;Min Peng ,&nbsp;Jun Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.02.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.02.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of the Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139975191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Steroids and myocardial infarction: Investigating safety and short-term mortality in critical post-myocardial infarction patients","authors":"Madiha Masroor FCPS,&nbsp;Muhammad Imran Ansari FCPS,&nbsp;Madiha Umair MBBS,&nbsp;Lalarukh Taimoor FCPS,&nbsp;Mujtaba Hassan FCPS,&nbsp;Muhammad Sohaib Arif FCPS,&nbsp;Musa Karim MSc,&nbsp;Jawed Abubaker MD, FCCP","doi":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.02.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Conventionally, in the pre-percutaneous intervention era, free wall rupture is reported to be a major concern for using steroids in myocardial infarction (MI) patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of the use of steroids in critically ill post-MI patients in terms of hospital course and short-term (up to 180-day) mortality.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We included patients admitted to CCU diagnosed with MI, undergone revascularization, critically ill, and requiring mechanical ventilator (MV) support. The hospital course and short-term (up to 180-day) mortality were independently compared between steroid and non-steroid cohorts and propensity-matched non-steroid cohorts.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 312 patients were included, out of which steroids were used in 93 (29.8%) patients during their management. On periodic bedside echocardiography, no free wall rupture was documented in the steroid or non-steroid cohort. When compared steroids with a propensity-matched non-steroid cohort, MV duration &gt;24 h was 66.7% vs. 59.1%; <em>p</em> = 0.288, major bleeding was 6.5% vs. 3.2%; <em>p</em> = 0.305, need for renal replacement therapy was 9.7% vs. 8.6%; <em>p</em> = 0.799, in-hospital mortality was 35.5% vs. 23.7%; <em>p</em> = 0.077, and 180-day mortality was 48.4% vs. 41.9%; <em>p</em> = 0.377, respectively. The hazard ratio was 1.22 [95% CI: 0.80 to 1.88] compared to the propensity-matched non-steroid cohort. The ejection fraction (%) was found to be the independent predictor of 180-day mortality with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.92 [95% CI: 0.86 to 0.98].</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In conclusion, using steroids is safe in post-MI patients with no significant increase in short-term mortality risk.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of the Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139921403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}