American Journal of the Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Neighborhood-level social determinants of health and cardioprotective behaviors among church members in New Orleans, Louisiana","authors":"Flor Alvarado MD, MHS, MPH ,&nbsp;Farah Allouch MPH ,&nbsp;Jodie Laurent MPH ,&nbsp;Jing Chen MD ,&nbsp;Joshua D. Bundy PhD, MPH ,&nbsp;Jeanette Gustat PhD, MPH ,&nbsp;Deidra C. Crews MD, ScM ,&nbsp;Katherine T. Mills PhD, MSPH ,&nbsp;Keith C. Ferdinand MD ,&nbsp;Jiang He MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.03.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.03.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Favorable neighborhood-level social determinants of health (SDoH) are associated with lower cardiovascular disease risk. Less is known about their influence on cardioprotective behaviors. We evaluated the associations between neighborhood-level SDoH and cardioprotective behaviors among church members in Louisiana.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Participants were surveyed between November 2021 to February 2022, and were asked about health behaviors, aspects of their neighborhood, and home address (to link to census tract and corresponding social deprivation index [SDI] data). Logistic regression models were used to assess the relation of neighborhood factors with the likelihood of engaging in cardioprotective behaviors: 1) a composite of healthy lifestyle behaviors [fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, and a tobacco/nicotine-free lifestyle], 2) medication adherence, and 3) receipt of routine medical care within the past year.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Participants (<em>n</em> = 302, mean age: 63 years, 77% female, 99% Black) were recruited from 12 churches in New Orleans. After adjusting for demographic and clinical factors, perceived neighborhood walkability or conduciveness to exercise (odds ratio [OR]=1.25; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.53), availability of fruits and vegetables (OR=1.23; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.42), and social cohesion (OR=1.55; 95% CI: 1.22, 1.97) were positively associated with the composite of healthy lifestyle behaviors. After multivariable adjustment, SDI was in the direction of association with all three cardioprotective behavior outcomes, but associations were not statistically significant.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In this predominantly Black, church-based population, neighborhood-level SDoH including the availability of fruits and vegetables, walkability or conduciveness to exercise, and social cohesion were associated with cardioprotective behaviors. Findings reiterate the need to address adverse neighborhood-level SDoH in the design and implementation of health interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of the Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002962924011467/pdfft?md5=71f9140f300c12aed4d30ecbe4f8968e&pid=1-s2.0-S0002962924011467-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140332404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial cerebritis with broad-scale cranial defect caused by self-trepanation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.03.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.03.018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of the Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140330470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rare case of intravenous leiomyomatosis extending to inferior vena cava","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.03.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.03.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of the Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140290096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preprints: Are they precedents or expedient substitutes for peer-reviewed journal publications?","authors":"Emily Lu BS ,&nbsp;Amudha Kumar MD ,&nbsp;Vignesh Chidambaram MD MPH ,&nbsp;Marie Gilbert Majella MD ,&nbsp;Harinivas Shanmugavel Geetha MD ,&nbsp;Alyssa Zimmerman ,&nbsp;Petros C. Karakousis MD","doi":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.03.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.03.017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of the Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140195338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chat GPT-4: Potentials, barriers, and future directions for newer medical researchers","authors":"Dr. Sunny Garg MD (Psychiatry Assistant Professor) ,&nbsp;Dr. Alka Chauhan (DNB Respiratory Medicine; Junior Resident)","doi":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.03.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.03.016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of the Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140141332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of different tools for malnutrition in the assessment of patients with cirrhosis","authors":"Gokulapriya Ramachandran M.Sc, MPhil ,&nbsp;Biju Pottakkat MS, MCh ,&nbsp;Pazhanivel Mohan MD, DM ,&nbsp;Sharbari Basu MD","doi":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.03.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.03.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of malnutrition using traditional measures of nutritional assessments like body mass index (BMI), mid-arm circumference (MAC), triceps skin fold thickness (TSF), mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC), hand grip strength (HGS) and subjective global assessments (SGA) among cirrhotic patients referred for liver transplantation (LT).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study was conducted among 215 cirrhotic patients referred for LT at a tertiary care hospital<em>.</em> Patients were enrolled between July 2021 and October 2022 to assess the prevalence of malnutrition. Patient's demographic details, clinical history, BMI using dry weight, MAMC, HGS, SGA score and disease severity were assessed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Chronic alcoholism was the main causative factor for cirrhosis, followed by viral infection. 58% of cirrhotic patients were moderately to severely malnourished based on SGA, 12% were undernourished based on BMI, 91% had low MAC, and 94% had low HGS/muscle strength indicating malnutrition. Low MAC (<em>p</em> = 0.048) and SGA (<em>p</em> = 0.000) were associated with CTP – B and C class, and low MAC (<em>p</em> = 0.046), low TSF (<em>p</em> = 0.005), and SGA (<em>p</em> = 0.000), were associated with MELD Na score &gt;15. Low MAC (<em>p</em> = 0.011) and SGA (<em>P</em> = 0.000) were associated with mortality, although 78% of patients had MAC within the normal range. A strong association exists between malnutrition and complications, liver disease severity, and death.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In patients with chronic liver diseases, SGA performed well as a good predictor of malnutrition, this might be because SGA analyzes various domains which can be affected in chronic liver disease. Assessing malnutrition early may help in initiating appropriate medical nutritional therapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of the Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140141333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity and the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A longitudinal follow-up study in Taiwan","authors":"Yu-Hsuan Lee MD ,&nbsp;Ya-Ping Huang MD ,&nbsp;Shin-Liang Pan PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.03.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.03.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>This study aimed to investigate whether physical activity (PA) is associated with a lower risk of subsequently developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted this population-based longitudinal follow-up study in a community in Taiwan. This study recruited 61,446 subjects who had participated in the Keelung Community-based Integrated Screening Program (KCIS) between 2005 and 2012. During their participation in KCIS, they were provided with structured questionnaires to collect their baseline characteristics, including weekly PA time. After excluding subjects diagnosed with COPD before they joined KCIS and/or who provided incomplete lifestyle data, 59,457 subjects remained, and were classified into three groups based on their weekly PA time: i.e., as NPA (no regular PA), LPA (low PA, &lt;90 min/week) and HPA (high PA, ≥90 min/week). The primary outcome was a new diagnosis of COPD, followed up until the end of 2015 or their death. Cox proportional-hazard regression was used to assess the impact of PA on the risk of COPD.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The risk of COPD was more than 20% lower in the LPA and HPA groups than in the NPA group. Specifically, the adjusted hazard ratio for the risk of COPD was 0.72 in the LPA group (95% CI, 0.61-0.85, <em>p &lt;</em> 0.001) and 0.79 in the HPA group (95% CI, 0.69-0.90, <em>p &lt;</em> 0.001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our research uncovered an inverse relationship between PA and COPD. The findings suggest that PA might be useful as a strategy for the primary prevention of COPD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of the Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The clinical and hemodynamic characteristics of pulmonary hypertension in patients with OSA-COPD overlap syndrome","authors":"Bing Zhu Hu MD ,&nbsp;Cheng Jiang MD ,&nbsp;Yong Jie Ding MD ,&nbsp;Wei Qin MD ,&nbsp;Wei Yu MD ,&nbsp;Yi Shi MD ,&nbsp;Fa Jiu Li MD ,&nbsp;Cheng Hong Li MD ,&nbsp;Qing Yun Li MD, PHD","doi":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.03.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.03.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Our study aimed to assess the clinical and hemodynamic characteristics of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with overlapping obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), referred to OSA-COPD overlap syndrome (OS).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We enrolled a total of 116 patients with OS, COPD, or OSA who underwent right heart catheterization (RHC) due to suspected PH. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the clinical and hemodynamic characteristics of these patients.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among the three groups (OS group, <em>n</em> = 26; COPD group, <em>n</em> = 36; OSA group, <em>n</em> = 54), the prevalence of PH was higher in the OS group (<em>n</em> = 17, 65.4%)compared to OSA group (<em>n</em> = 26,48.1%) and COPD group (<em>n</em> = 20,55.6 %). Among three groups with PH, the superior vena cava pressure (CVP) and right ventricular pressure (RAP) were higher in the OS group than in the OSA group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Patients in the OS and COPD groups had higher pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) than in the OSA group (14.88 ± 4.79 mmHg, 13.45 ± 3.68 mmHg <em>vs.</em> 11.00 ± 3.51 mmHg, respectively, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). OS patients with PH exhibited higher respiratory event index (REI), time spent with SpO₂ &lt;90%, oxygen desaturation index (ODI), minimal SpO₂ (MinSpO₂) and mean SpO₂ (MSpO₂) compared to OS patients without PH. After adjusting for potential covariates, we found that MinSpO₂ (OR 0.937, 95 % CI 0.882–0.994, <em>P</em> = 0.032), MSpO₂ (OR 0.805, 95% CI 0.682–0.949, <em>P</em> = 0.010), time spent with SpO₂ &lt;90% (OR 1.422, 95% CI 1.137–1.780, <em>P</em> = 0.002), and FEV1 % pred (OR 0.977, 95 % CI 0.962–0.993, <em>P</em> = 0.005) were related to the development of PH.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Patients with OS showed higher prevalence of PH, along with higher PAWP, CVP and RAP. Worse nocturnal hypoxemia was found in OS patients with PH.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of the Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140103132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aortic root aneurysm and aortic arch coarctation: A rare combination in Turner syndrome","authors":"Chunyan Xu ,&nbsp;Qing Yang ,&nbsp;Jing Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingxing Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of the Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140095462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyloric stenosis due to advanced gastric cancer","authors":"Takayuki Yamada MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Susumu Ohwada MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amjms.2024.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of the Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140069049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}