Annual Review of Information Science and Technology最新文献_第9页

Universal access 普及

Annual Review of Information Science and Technology Pub Date : 2008-10-24 DOI: 10.1002/aris.2007.1440410111

Harmeet Sawhney, Krishna P. Jayakar

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引用次数: 75

Human geography and information studies 人文地理与信息研究

Annual Review of Information Science and Technology Pub Date : 2008-10-24 DOI: 10.1002/aris.2007.1440410122

Greg Downey

引用次数: 11

Personal Information Management 个人信息管理

Annual Review of Information Science and Technology Pub Date : 2008-10-24 DOI: 10.1002/aris.2007.1440410117

William Jones

引用次数: 808

Ontologies on the Semantic Web 语义Web上的本体

Annual Review of Information Science and Technology Pub Date : 2008-10-24 DOI: 10.1002/aris.2007.1440410116

Catherine Legg

{"title":"Ontologies on the Semantic Web","authors":"Catherine Legg","doi":"10.1002/aris.2007.1440410116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aris.2007.1440410116","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction As an informational technology, the World Wide Web has enjoyed spectacular success. In just ten years it has transformed the way information is produced, stored, and shared in arenas as diverse as shopping, family photo albums, and high-level academic research. The “Semantic Web” is touted by its developers as equally revolutionary, although it has not yet achieved anything like the Web’s exponential uptake. It seeks to transcend a current limitation of the Web-that it largely requires indexing to be accomplished merely on specific character strings. Thus, a person searching for information about “turkey” (the bird) receives from current search engines many irrelevant pages about “Turkey” (the country) and nothing about the Spanish “pavo” even if he or she is a Spanish-speaker able to understand such pages. The Semantic Web vision is to develop technology to facilitate retrieval of information via meanings, not just spellings. For this to be possible, most commentators believe, Semantic Web applications will have to draw on some kind of shared, structured, machine-readable conceptual scheme. Thus, there has been a convergence between the Semantic Web research community and an older tradition with roots in classical Artificial Intelligence (AI) research (sometimes referred to as “knowledge representation”) whose goal is to develop a formal ontology. A formal ontology is a machine-readable theory of the most fundamental concepts or “categories” required in order to understand information pertaining to any knowledge domain. A review of the attempts that have been made to realize this goal provides an opportunity to reflect in interestingly concrete ways on various research questions such as the following:","PeriodicalId":55509,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Information Science and Technology","volume":"41 1","pages":"407-451"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/aris.2007.1440410116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137979352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 45

Contributors 贡献者

Annual Review of Information Science and Technology Pub Date : 2008-10-24 DOI: 10.1002/aris.2007.1440410105

引用次数: 0

Semantics and knowledge organization 语义与知识组织

Annual Review of Information Science and Technology Pub Date : 2008-10-24 DOI: 10.1002/aris.2007.1440410115

Birger Hjørland

{"title":"Semantics and knowledge organization","authors":"Birger Hjørland","doi":"10.1002/aris.2007.1440410115","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aris.2007.1440410115","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The Importance of Semantics for Information Science The aim of this chapter is to demonstrate that semantic issues underlie all research questions within Library and Information Science (LIS, or, as hereafter, 1S)l and, in particular, the subfield known as Knowledge Organization (KO). Further, it seeks to show that semantics is a field influenced by conflicting views and discusses why it is important to argue for the most fruitful one of these. Moreover, the chapter demonstrates that IS has not yet addressed semantic problems in systematic fashion and examines why the field is very fragmented and without a proper theoretical basis. The focus here is on broad interdisciplinary issues and the long-term perspective. The theoretical problems involving semantics and concepts are very complicated. Therefore, this chapter starts by considering tools developed in KO for information retrieval (IR) as basically semantic tools. In this way, it establishes a specific IS focus on the relation between KO and semantics. It is well known that thesauri consist of a selection of concepts supplemented with information about their semantic relations (such as generic relations or (‘associative relations”). Some words in thesauri are “preferred terms” (descriptors), whereas others are “lead-in terms.” The descriptors represent concepts. The difference between “a word” and “a concept” is that different words may have the same meaning and similar words may have different meanings, whereas one concept expresses one meaning. For example, according to WordNet 2.1 (20051, the word “letter” has five senses, of which two are: (1) “a written message addressed to a person or organization” and (2) ‘‘a letter of the alphabet, alphabetic character.” In a thesaurus, these meanings are distinguished by, for example, parenthetical qualifiers, as in the Thesaurus of ERIC Descriptors (1987, p. 136):","PeriodicalId":55509,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Information Science and Technology","volume":"41 1","pages":"367-405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/aris.2007.1440410115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127186271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 94

ARIST advisory board 艺术家顾问委员会

Annual Review of Information Science and Technology Pub Date : 2008-10-24 DOI: 10.1002/aris.2007.1440410103

引用次数: 0

Chapter reviewers 章评论者

Annual Review of Information Science and Technology Pub Date : 2008-10-24 DOI: 10.1002/aris.2007.1440410104

引用次数: 0

Scientific collaboration 科学合作

Annual Review of Information Science and Technology Pub Date : 2008-10-24 DOI: 10.1002/aris.2007.1440410121

Diane H. Sonnenwald

{"title":"Scientific collaboration","authors":"Diane H. Sonnenwald","doi":"10.1002/aris.2007.1440410121","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aris.2007.1440410121","url":null,"abstract":"Scientific collaboration continues to increase in frequency and importance. It has the potential to solve complex scientific problems and promote various political, economic and social agendas, such as democracy, sustainable development, and cultural understanding and integration. Bibliometric studies over the past two decades have shown a continuous increase in the number of coauthored papers in every scientific discipline as well as within and across countries and geographic areas (e.g. see Grossman, 2002; Wagner & Leyesdorff, 2005; Cronin, Shaw & LaBarre, 2003, 2004; Cronin, 2005; Moddy, 2004; National Science Board, 2004). Subauthorship, as measured by the number of colleagues thanked in acknowledgement sections of papers, has also consistently increased (Cronin, 2005; Cronin, et al 2003, 2004). In general coauthored publications are cited more frequently than single authored papers (Persson, Glanzel & Danell, 2004). Increasingly, public and private research funding agencies require interdisciplinary, international and inter-institutional collaboration. Examples include the National Science Foundation Science & Technology Center (http://www.nsf.gov/od/oia/programs/stc) and Industry University Corporative Research Center (http://www.nsf.gov/eng/iurcc)programs, and the European Commission Sixth Research Framework (http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/fp6/index_en.cfm?p=0).","PeriodicalId":55509,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Information Science and Technology","volume":"41 1","pages":"643-681"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/aris.2007.1440410121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121415443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 446

About the Associate Editor 关于副主编

Annual Review of Information Science and Technology Pub Date : 2008-10-24 DOI: 10.1002/aris.2007.1440410107

引用次数: 0