Applied Acoustics最新文献

{"title":"Numerical and experimental generation of interior multi-regional sound field reproduction based on auditory masking effects","authors":"Xu Li,&nbsp;Xudong Wu,&nbsp;Jin Huang,&nbsp;Qitao Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.111086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.111086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A multi-regional sound field reproduction framework that integrates auditory masking effects and the frequency spectra of different audios is constructed, designed to achieve high-quality reproduction tailored for vehicular environments. By incorporating Bark domain characteristics and loudness sensitivity, reproduction thresholds are calculated based on speech broadcast and piano music, enhancing reproduced performance in alignment with auditory perception. To address reproduction challenges in the targeted frequency intervals, an amplitude optimizing algorithm is developed by selecting the applicable reproductive amplitudes and performing numerical solutions. In contrast to pressure matching, this algorithm ensures more stabilized acoustic contrast between regions with lower reproduced differences and high-precision performance in the dark region with greater differences. An experimental platform incorporating the boundaries of vehicular sound cavities is established to verify the reproduced performance of multi-regional sound fields in free-fields and vehicular environments. Experimental results indicate that, regardless of the experimental situation, compared to traditional audio superposition, the proposed reproduction framework can achieve prominent multi-regional sound field based on masking effects. Starting from the auditory perception and reproduction requirements specific to vehicular environments, this paper provides an innovative foundation for multi-regional sound field reproduction in practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 111086"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asynchronous measurement sound source localization method based on truncated nuclear norm joint Lp norm minimization under low signal-to-noise ratio","authors":"Shuaiyong Li ,&nbsp;Pei Shen ,&nbsp;Youwei Yu ,&nbsp;Wanbo Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.111078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.111078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of asynchronous measurement for sound source localization, the completion method relying on the truncated nuclear norm minimization framework faces certain limitations when it comes to processing low SNR signals. Noise can disrupt the algorithm’s accurate estimation of small singular values, leading to the formation of sidelobes. To address this challenge, this paper puts forward an asynchronous measurement sound source localization method that combines truncated nuclear norm and Lp norm minimization. This approach integrates the Lp norm into the existing truncated nuclear norm minimization strategy and uses the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) algorithm to solve the objective function. For the non-convex sub-problem that contains the Lp norm, a weighted L2 norm approximation technique is introduced and incorporated into the ADMM iteration process. After completing the cross-spectral matrix using this matrix completion technique, the traditional beamforming method is employed to achieve asynchronous measurement sound source localization. To verify the superiority and effectiveness of this method, simulations and experiments of sound source localization are performed under different SNR and frequency conditions. The imaging performances of multiple algorithms are compared. The findings show that the asynchronous measurement approach for locating sound sources, which is based on the combination of truncated nuclear norm and Lp norm minimization, performs better than other models in low-SNR scenarios. This method is capable of significantly shrinking the main lobe, curbing the sidelobes, and boosting the spatial resolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 111078"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broadband attenuation of spherical acoustic waves using radial sonic crystals with diverging geometries","authors":"Debasish Panda ,&nbsp;Amiya Ranjan Mohanty","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.111093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.111093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we propose various designs of radial sonic crystals (RSCs) incorporating radially distributed resonators to attenuate sound waves propagating outward from a central source. The RSC configurations are shown to effectively suppress sound waves with spherical wavefronts, particularly in the low-to-mid-frequency range where wavefronts remain curved before transitioning to planar profiles. Among the explored designs, RSC-I, which features a diverging radial geometry and circumferential periodicity, demonstrates superior attenuation compared to a uniform RSC (URSC) with consistent resonator spacing. Furthermore, RSC-II structures, characterized by periodicity in both radial and circumferential directions, outperform RSC-I in broadband attenuation. Three RSC-II variants, each employing different resonator slot configurations, are evaluated using finite element (FE) simulations to assess their frequency-dependent performance. A parametric investigation of radial and circumferential lattice constants in RSC-II further reveals their influence on bandgap formation and insertion loss (IL). Unlike conventional sonic crystals (SCs) designed for far-field attenuation, the proposed RSCs can be utilized for near-field noise control, making them well-suited for applications that require source-proximal acoustic mitigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 111093"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of a longitudinal-flexural mode conversion transducer based on a ring-excited flat plate structure","authors":"Mingliang Han,&nbsp;Guangbin Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.111065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.111065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Air-coupled transducer equipped with a flexural vibration radiator find application in an extensive range of non-destructive material testing, material monitoring, and long-range acoustic energy transmission. In this paper, a class of air-coupled longitudinal-flexural mode conversion transducers with a ring-excited thin circular plate (RTCP) radiator is studied. Based on thin plate vibration theory, the analytical solutions for the radiation directivity of the proposed transducer based on different vibration mode were derived. The finite element models of the RTCPs were established to analyse and discuss the effect of ring excitation on the vibration modes and their radiation directivity. The computational results demonstrate that the directivity of a flat plate radiator could be enhanced by the addition of a ring excitation at the valley of the normal displacement curve for all orders of axisymmetric flexural modes. The RTCP is distinguished by the absence of nodal circles, a lower frequency and a significantly larger ANVD when compared to those observed in the point-excited thin circular plate (PTCP). Furthermore, RTCP exhibits directivity comparable to that of a piston source with equivalent dimensions, yet possesses a larger ANVD. A comparison was made between the RTCP and two other radiators, an existing stepped plate radiator (SP) and a ring excitation fixed boundary radiator (RFP). The results of this comparison demonstrate that the RTCP has a larger ANVD, a narrower beamwidth (BW) of the main lobe, a smaller amplitude (AM) of the side lobe, and the capacity to radiate over a longer distance with a narrower beamwidth. Finally, two transducer prototypes were fabricated, after which the resonant frequencies, vibration modes, radiation directivity and radiated sound field were measured. The findings of this study confirm that the vibration modes and radiation directivity patterns obtained by the three methods (theoretical, finite element, and experimental) are consistent. The designed transducers have been shown to possess exceptional radiation directivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 111065"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active control of mid-frequency noise in a vibroacoustic cavity using an inertial piezoelectric actuator","authors":"Junseok Choi ,&nbsp;Changik Lee ,&nbsp;Sang-Kwon Lee,&nbsp;Howuk Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.111062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.111062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Application of conventional active noise control (ANC) to the mid-frequency band (&gt;200 Hz) in vibroacoustic cavities has been technically restricted owing to the complex acoustic field generated by the use of multiple output speakers. However, as noise control in such frequency bands is essential for modern electric vehicles, this study proposes and demonstrates a novel method for ANC in a vibroacoustic cavity using an inertial vibration actuator. To this end, a prototype actuator is designed using a finite element analysis, and it exhibits a dynamic force of ∼11.3 mN/V_p-p in the usable frequency band (450–750 Hz). An ANC controller for the prototype actuator was implemented on a real-time digital signal processor using a filtered-x least mean squares (FxLMS) algorithm. The ANC system performance is evaluated in a 700 mm × 650 mm × 450 mm rectangular vibroacoustic cavity with a vibrating surface on one side. The proposed ANC system successfully suppresses multiple harmonics associated with the acoustic cavity modes by up to 12 dB at predominant peaks. Moreover, the system operates stably under a wideband (300 Hz) frequency sweep using a single inertial actuator optimally positioned on the structure. The study results indicate that the proposed ANC method shows considerable promise as a replacement for conventional speaker-assisted methods for ANC in vibroacoustic cavities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 111062"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Auralisation of train pass-bys for virtual reality demonstration of combined noise mitigation measures","authors":"Reto Pieren ,&nbsp;Fotis Georgiou ,&nbsp;Giacomo Squicciarini ,&nbsp;David J. Thompson","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.111063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.111063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Railway noise can be reduced by various mitigation measures and combinations thereof. However, it is difficult to assess their combined effects and to communicate the options to stakeholders. For this, auralisation is a promising technique that can support communication and decision-making, and enable psychoacoustic evaluations. This paper presents a new physics-based auralisation model for train pass-bys that considers combined mitigation measures. The measures include acoustic rail grinding, avoidance of wheel flats, wheel and rail dampers, rail shields, mini barriers and classical noise barriers. Pass-by parameters such as train type, speed, track design and observer location can be selected. The proposed model includes contributions from rolling noise, impact noise, traction, auxiliary systems, and aerodynamic noise. The main novelty of this work lies in the improved time-domain synthesis of rolling noise. The sound radiated by each wheelset is modelled by multiple moving point sources. For the sound radiated by the track, a new hybrid model is proposed that consists of a combination of moving and fixed equivalent sources, reflecting the structural wave propagation in the rails. Separate source contributions for radial and axial wheel vibration, vertical and lateral rail vibration and sleeper vibration are considered using TWINS-based computations and an improved description of rolling damping. First comparisons of synthesised and recorded train pass-bys showed a very good agreement and a high degree of realism. The auralisations were coupled to an immersive virtual reality environment that allows for an interactive audio-visual experience of different train pass-by scenarios and to demonstrate noise mitigation options. The presented models were implemented in two software tools that are described in this paper and made available. The tools have already been successfully used in public demonstrations at international exhibitions and information events for residents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 111063"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A trio-based feature extraction framework for bird sounds classification","authors":"Burak Celik ,&nbsp;Ayhan Akbal","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.111064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.111064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bird species identification is crucial for environmental monitoring, ecological studies, and species tracking. Automated bird sound classification systems have been developed to achieve precise species detection. While deep learning models offer high accuracy, their computational complexity poses challenges for resource-limited environments. To address this, we propose a novel lightweight and highly accurate bird sound classification model utilizing a multilevel feature generation framework named AvisPat, derived from the Latin term “Avis” (bird), emphasizing its focus on avian bioacoustics. The AvisPat model leverages a 7-level discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to decompose audio signals, extracting signum, upper ternary, and lower ternary features to capture diverse signal attributes. For feature selection, an enhanced iterative Neighborhood Component Analysis (NCA) and ReliefF methods are applied iteratively to select the most discriminative features, generating multiple feature subsets. These features are classified using k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers. In addition, the proposed model achieved 96.72% accuracy on a separate Xeno-Canto dataset containing 10 bird species from diverse geographic regions, demonstrating strong generalization capability. The ’trio’ in AvisPat is chosen because the combination of signum, ternary features extracted via 7-level discrete wavelet transform comprehensively captures the time, frequency, and amplitude aspects of bird sounds, enhancing the model’s ability to distinguish between species with high accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 111064"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discomfort prediction model for impulsive noise in household refrigerator","authors":"Henrique Alende da Silveira ,&nbsp;Ricardo Brum ,&nbsp;Ricardo Mikio Doi ,&nbsp;Erasmo Felipe Vergara ,&nbsp;Arcanjo Lenzi","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.111068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.111068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the development of a predictive model for auditory discomfort specifically aimed at impulsive noise from compressors and household refrigerators, such as cracking and knocking noises. The model was created using the Impulsivity Prediction Metric (IPM), designed to quantify the auditory sensation of impulsivity in acoustic signals. Impulsive sound samples were analyzed in terms of the time parameters that define IPM, and subjective jury tests were conducted to assess discomfort levels using psychoacoustic metrics such as Loudness, Sharpness, and IPM. The results indicated that impulsive sounds present higher discomfort levels, with mean IPM values exceeding 6 dB/Bark in specific critical frequency bands, particularly from 10 up to 20 Bark. Compared with existing models from the literature, the proposed model demonstrated significant improvements in capturing the discomfort caused by impulsive noise, highlighting the importance of considering impulsivity-specific metrics. Moreover, the correlation analysis between subjective discomfort ratings and the model’s predictions revealed a strong positive correlation, with a Pearson coefficient of 0.93, highlighting the reliability of the model. The results validate the effectiveness of IPM as a robust tool for predicting auditory discomfort from impulsive noise, providing valuable insights for noise control and product design applications in the refrigeration and home appliance industries. The model’s accuracy in addressing impulsive sound events sets it apart from traditional approaches, providing a more accurate representation of human auditory perception in response to impulsive noise sources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 111068"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of particle agglomeration under angular harmonic and non-harmonic ultrasonic acoustic fields","authors":"Andrius Čeponis,&nbsp;Darius Vainorius,&nbsp;Kristina Kilikevičienė,&nbsp;Artūras Kilikevičius","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.111088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.111088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper presents numerical and experimental results on ultrasonic agglomeration of solid particles. A piezoelectric acoustic pressure source was driven by sinusoidal and square-shaped electrical signals, which ensured generation of harmonic and non-harmonic acoustic fields. These fields were applied to an airflow containing fine and ultrafine particles at different angles. The numerical investigations showed that a piezoelectric acoustic pressure source operating at 25.82 kHz, when excited by different signal types, generated acoustic fields with distinct patterns and intensities. Varying the angular position of the source relative to the airflow enhanced the interaction of the acoustic fields with particles, thereby improving the agglomeration process. The results of numerical and experimental investigations have shown that the excitation of piezoelectric acoustic pressure source by of non-harmonic signal ensures higher sound pressure levels compare to harmonic fields. Therefore, generation of non-harmonic acoustic fields ensures improvement of sound pressure levels as well as agglomeration process. Finally, results of experimental investigations of agglomeration process have shown that inclination of acoustic pressure source driven by non-harmonic signal against the air flow ensures more effective agglomeration process and ensures decrement of the finest particles up to 66 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 111088"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing cavity dependence in helmholtz resonators via compact neck arrays","authors":"Li Bo Wang ,&nbsp;Chun Hua Song ,&nbsp;Jiu Hui Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.111070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.111070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional Helmholtz resonators are widely used in low-frequency noise control due to their resonant characteristics. However, their resonant frequencies and acoustic impedance are inherently constrained by the cavity, which limits applicability in space-constrained scenarios. This study proposes a sound-pressure regulation strategy to mitigate this cavity dependence by leveraging the coherent coupling effect within a compact neck array. The approach enables adjustment of the system’s acoustic impedance, allowing the absorption peak to shift toward lower frequencies without altering the cavity size. Theoretical analysis, finite element simulations, and experimental measurements consistently demonstrate that, for the same cavity volume, a compact neck array design achieves a greater low-frequency shift compared to both independent-neck configurations and dispersed neck-array arrangements. The design strategy improves the low-frequency absorption performance of Helmholtz resonators and is particularly suitable for noise control in limited-space environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 111070"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}