Applied AcousticsPub Date : 2025-05-19DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110816
Lixin Cheng , Kaifu Zhang , Ziqi Guo , Hui Cheng , Bin Luo
{"title":"Virtual sensor array and regularization technology enhance the acoustic leakage location method of pipelines","authors":"Lixin Cheng , Kaifu Zhang , Ziqi Guo , Hui Cheng , Bin Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultrasonic detection technology holds significant potential for the precise localization of gas leaks in pipelines. In the context of aircraft pipeline testing, several challenges arise, including the vast detection range, the complexity of sensor array deployment, and the accuracy of leak location determination. This paper first introduces a virtual sensor array employing two sensors and investigates the impact of varying the number of array elements on algorithm performance. Through analysis, the optimal array configuration for data acquisition is determined. Next, a three-dimensional positioning regularization method is proposed, significantly enhancing the algorithm’s accuracy and stability through the integration of a regularization matrix and multiple iterations. Finally, experimental methods are used to examine the influence of test distance and angle on the time–frequency domain of the detected signal, along with a data filtering strategy based on sound pressure effective value selection. Experimental results demonstrate an improvement in positioning accuracy from 75% to 90%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 110816"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144083736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Applied AcousticsPub Date : 2025-05-19DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110807
Zhicheng Ye, Yunfei Zheng, Tian Zhou, Chengming Gao, Shiyuan Wang
{"title":"Enhanced multiple random Fourier features based generalized maximum correntropy algorithm for active noise control","authors":"Zhicheng Ye, Yunfei Zheng, Tian Zhou, Chengming Gao, Shiyuan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The random Fourier filters-based FxLMS (RFFxLMS) algorithm significantly enhances traditional kernel methods in active noise control (ANC) by effectively reducing memory demands and computational complexity. Additionally, it overcomes the linearity constraints of conventional FxLMS through its nonlinear adaptive capability, enabling superior noise suppression in complex acoustic environments. Therefore, this paper proposes an enhanced multiple random Fourier features based generalized maximum correntropy criterion (EMRFF-GMCC) algorithm. Unlike RFFxLMS and its extensions, the EMRFF-GMCC algorithm incorporates a projection matrix to develop an EMRFF method, improving nonlinear mapping, adaptability, and noise reduction performance in complex scenarios. By leveraging the shared properties of these features, the algorithm achieves a significant improvement in overall performance, making it more effective in handling dynamic and challenging noise environments. Furthermore, the mean square error (MSE) cost function is replaced by the generalized maximum correntropy criterion (GMCC), significantly enhancing robustness against outliers. Simulations and duct experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed EMRFF-GMCC algorithm, showcasing its superior performance across diverse noise environments and solidifying its potential as a promising candidate for real-world ANC applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 110807"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144083654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study on the dense-graded asphalt concrete pavement correlation between tire-pavement noise and vibration","authors":"Abduhaibir Abdukadir , Junyan Yi , Zhongshi Pei , Yuheng Chen , Yuanhui Qiao , Yuanshun Xiong , Jianpeng Chu , Decheng Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research selected five representative dense-graded asphalt concrete pavement (DGACP) sections in Beijing to study the effects of vehicle speed, road surface roughness, and tire vibration on tire-pavement noise. The on-board sound intensity (OBSI) method measured tire-pavement noise within a speed range of 40–80 km/h. And the vertical vibration acceleration of the tire and the road surface roughness were also detected. The study further investigated the factors influencing tire vibration and analyzed the correlation of tire vibration acceleration with vehicle speed and road surface roughness, respectively. Finally, the relationships between tire-pavement noise, vibration acceleration, vehicle speed, and road surface roughness were examined. The findings indicate that tire vibration acceleration on AC-16 pavement is higher than on AC-10 pavement, and the vibration acceleration increases annually. Due to the air pumping effect, tire-pavement noise on AC-10 pavement is approximately 5.0 % lower than on AC-16 pavement at the same vibration acceleration. The results show average vibration acceleration <em>a<sub>av</sub></em> of tire-pavement noise correlates with vehicle speed and road surface roughness. At the same time, the equivalent sound pressure level <em>L<sub>eq</sub></em> has a logarithmic relationship with average vibration acceleration <em>a<sub>av</sub></em>. The equivalent sound pressure level <em>L<sub>eq</sub></em> also has a logarithmic relationship with vehicle speed. Based on these correlations, it is hypothesized that a similar logarithmic relationship exists between the equivalent sound pressure level <em>L<sub>eq</sub></em> and road surface roughness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 110819"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144072472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Control of acoustic cavitation yield by dual frequency sonication: A Lyapunov exponent analysis","authors":"Masoumeh Azadegan , Bahar Rahmatizadeh , Mohamad Taghi Hamidi Beheshti , Manijhe Mokhtari-Dizaji , Mahmoud Najafi","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110829","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The radius of a bubble, described by the Rayleigh-Plesset equation, demonstrates a completely nonlinear structure and exhibits chaotic behavior across a range of parameter values. In this paper, we first present the chaotic oscillations of a bubble subjected to varying system parameters, including frequency, amplitude, viscosity, and surface tension. Subsequently, we utilize the periodic perturbation method to regulate the bubble’s chaotic dynamics through numerical analysis and simulation. The appropriate values for the control parameters were determined based on previous laboratory results validated by bifurcation diagram. The proposed method has been evaluated using two simulation techniques, namely, bifurcation diagrams and numerical calculations of the Lyapunov exponent (LE). This study represents the first instance where the parameters of the acoustic cavitation controller are analytically calculated, and their effects have been confirmed. The findings indicate that the proposed method can significantly reduce and potentially eliminate system turbulence. The accuracy of the proposed method has been also investigated experimentally using two approaches: the area of aluminum foil destruction by ultrasound waves and the measurement of subharmonics which indicates the effectiveness of the proposed method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 110829"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Applied AcousticsPub Date : 2025-05-16DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110825
Fulin Zhou , Zhongkai Wang , Zihao Liu , Jianbing Xiong , Zilong Peng , Jun Fan
{"title":"Flexible inflatable structures in underwater acoustics: Scattering experiments","authors":"Fulin Zhou , Zhongkai Wang , Zihao Liu , Jianbing Xiong , Zilong Peng , Jun Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Underwater artificial acoustic structures can be used to simulate the echo characteristics of complex targets, achieving the effects of underwater acoustic deception or interference. This paper extends the morphology of passive underwater acoustic structures to flexible inflatable designs and proposes a series of foldable and deployable flexible structures, replacing rigid reflective surfaces with flexible membranes. Flexible inflatable structures offer advantages such as foldability for storage, ease of inflation and deployment, and lightweight energy efficiency, thereby advancing the engineering applications of artificial structures in underwater acoustic scattering modulation. An underwater constant − depth hovering inflatable device was designed and fabricated to enable the underwater storage of flexible structures and maintain a constant − depth hovering state in water after launch. Acoustic scattering experiments were conducted on cylindrical and plate-like tube bundles, multi-cell corner reflectors, and their topological configurations, which serve as representative flexible inflatable structures. Monostatic echoes were obtained for the flexible inflatable structures, revealing the variations in target strength with respect to frequency and spatial orientation, and the statistical directional characteristics. A combination of flexible inflatable corner reflectors was utilized to simulate the horizontal directional distribution of echo highlights from complex underwater targets. The results show that the acoustic scattering characteristics of flexible structures can be used to simulate the highlight structure of underwater target echoes, achieving a good simulation effect of underwater target echoes. These structures can also be used in the design of underwater acoustic jammers, providing support for the application of underwater acoustic simulators or jammers. More flexible inflatable structures can be explored in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 110825"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Applied AcousticsPub Date : 2025-05-16DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110809
Guohui Li, Man Wu, Hong Yang
{"title":"A new underwater acoustic signal recognition method: Fusion of cepstral feature and multi-path parallel joint neural network","authors":"Guohui Li, Man Wu, Hong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the development of underwater target stealth technology, feature extraction under low signal-to-noise ratio faces huge challenge. Aiming at feature extraction of underwater acoustic signal (UAS), An innovative UAS recognition framework integrating adaptive preprocessing, novel cepstral feature fusion, and a multi-path parallel joint neural network is proposed in this paper. To address the non-adaptive decomposition level selection issue in multivariate variational mode decomposition (MVMD), an adaptive MVMD algorithm is developed based on mode energy ratio analysis. This approach dynamically optimizes the decomposition parameter by quantifying energy distribution across intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). In feature extraction stage, triangular filter bank is replaced by Gaussian filter bank in Mel frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) extraction process., and MFCC with Mel-domain transformation filter (TMFCC) is proposed. For feature recognition, a multi-path parallel CNN-Transformer network (MPCT-Net) is designed. This architecture integrates the local feature learning capability of CNN with the global dependency modeling of Transformer through parallel processing branches. MPCT-Net extracts hierarchical features across multiple scales while maintaining computational efficiency. Feature verification and network verification experiments are carried out respectively on the proposed feature extraction method in two kinds of measured UAS. The results show that the recognition rates of ship-radiated noise and marine environmental noise are 98.75% and 97.75% respectively, which are all better than those of verification models. The proposed feature extraction method provides new idea and method for feature extraction of UAS under low signal-to-noise ratio.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 110809"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Applied AcousticsPub Date : 2025-05-15DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110796
Sheng Wei , Ying Li , Xiaoru Qiao , Yiuyin Lee , Yatsze Choy
{"title":"Asymmetric sway panel design for noise reduction by modal radiation efficiency tunning approach","authors":"Sheng Wei , Ying Li , Xiaoru Qiao , Yiuyin Lee , Yatsze Choy","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Built-up panels are widely employed for noise reduction, with their effectiveness primarily dependent on transverse vibrations, as corroborated by numerous studies. Transverse vibrations occur perpendicular to the panel’s surface and are known for their substantial sound radiation. This study introduces a novel technique for tuning modal radiation efficiency, designed to diminish sound radiation from a sway panel comprised of two vertical and one horizontal segment. Notably, when the primary vibration direction of a panel is parallel to its surface (i.e., sway vibration), both the level of transverse vibrations and the corresponding sound radiation efficiency are significantly reduced. A theoretical model was developed to investigate the interplay between transverse and longitudinal vibrations across adjacent components, shedding light on the sound radiation reduction mechanism. The sway structure exhibited a 43.5 % reduction in maximum transverse displacement compared to a simply supported beam, while the maximum longitudinal displacement was adjusted to align with the transverse displacement levels. Moreover, sway modes, in comparison to simply supported beams, demonstrate reduced radiation efficiency due to their dipole-like sound radiation patterns. Consequently, the maximum sound pressure level of the sway structure was lowered by 7 dB compared to that of the simply supported beam. This model also enables the creation of two sway modes with closely spaced frequencies through precise modifications of lengths and thicknesses, highlighting the significance of asymmetric geometry. Furthermore, comparisons of the proposed model with finite element methods and experimental results confirm a strong concordance, validating the effectiveness of the sway structure in achieving reduced sound radiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 110796"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ventilated noise-insulating metamaterials inspired by sonic black holes","authors":"Farid Bikmukhametov , Lana Glazko , Iaroslav Muravev , Dmitrii Pozdeev , Evgeniy Vasiliev , Sergey Krasikov, Mariia Krasikova","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sonic black holes represent a special class of metastructures allowing efficient absorption based on the slow sound principle. The decrease in the wave speed in this case is associated with the spatial variation of the acoustic impedance, whereas the absorption properties are linked to thermoviscous losses induced by the local resonances. Typically, sonic black holes are considered as axially symmetric structures consisting of solid rings with a coordinate-dependent radius. This work is dedicated to the development of noise-insulating structures that have a geometry similar to a sonic black hole with a rectangular cross section. Transmission loss in this case is associated with the local coupling between the resonators constituting meta-atoms, which results in the occurrence of broad stop-bands in transmission spectra of the structure. A realistic application scenario of a ventilated duct is considered such that a fan simultaneously generates acoustic noise and air flow. The structure embedded in the duct is shown to demonstrate efficient noise insulation within the spectral range of 1000 – 2850 Hz, while the air flow speed is reduced by just 25%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 110813"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Applied AcousticsPub Date : 2025-05-13DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110820
Yuebo Yu , Xiwang Cui , Yan Gao , Xiaojuan Han , Lijiang Song , Fangcheng Lu
{"title":"Acoustic feature processing strategy for leak degree identification in non-metallic pipelines","authors":"Yuebo Yu , Xiwang Cui , Yan Gao , Xiaojuan Han , Lijiang Song , Fangcheng Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to the challenge of accurately identifying the degree of leaks in non-metallic pipelines, this study proposes acoustic feature processing strategy based on the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Networks (Bi-LSTM). The hydrophone sensors are deployed to collect acoustic pressure signals generated by different degrees of pipeline leak. Acoustic signal features of varying leak degrees are extracted from the perspectives of the time domain, the spectral domain, and waveform shape. Subsequently, PCA is employed to streamline and reduce the dimensionality of the extracted features. The optimal number of principal components is ascertained based on the Cumulative Variance Contribution Rate (CVCR), which eliminates redundant features and preserves principal components. Furthermore, the PCA-Bi-LSTM model is designed to identify the degree of pipeline leak. The principal components are organized chronologically into cells for input into the Bi-LSTM. Comparative analysis is performed using different statistical features and neural network architectures, with additional experiments conducted under varying pressures and leak locations to validate the generalizability of the proposed method. The results indicate that the PCA-Bi-LSTM approach achieves a leak identification accuracy of 98.6 %, which is significantly higher than the 91. 5 % accuracy of the unidirectional LSTM network and the 93.2 % accuracy of the traditional Bi-LSTM network. The results demonstrate that the designed strategy effectively improves the accuracy of identifying the degree of non-metallic pipeline leaks and demonstrates a certain level of generalizability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 110820"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Applied AcousticsPub Date : 2025-05-13DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110812
Hammad Hussain , Muhammad Moinuddin , Guillaume Dutilleux
{"title":"Experimental analysis of tensor LMS for determining the long-range outdoor acoustic transfer function","authors":"Hammad Hussain , Muhammad Moinuddin , Guillaume Dutilleux","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this experimental study, we investigated the effectiveness of the Tensor Least Mean Squares (TLMS) algorithm compared to the traditional Least Mean Squares (LMS) method for determining long-range outdoor acoustic attenuation transfer functions under variable weather conditions. We conducted an outdoor long-range field experiment over a 326-meter range to capture the effect of time-varying environmental conditions on sound propagation. The input signal was a 3-second linear sweep ranging from 125 Hz to 4 kHz, transmitted every 10 minutes for an hour. We continuously monitored weather conditions, including wind speed and direction. We first conducted a convergence analysis and impulse response evaluation using both TLMS and LMS algorithms. Our results show that TLMS significantly outperforms the traditional Least Mean Squares (LMS) method in channel estimation accuracy, achieving a Mean Square Error (MSE) of approximately <span><math><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>38</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> compared to <span><math><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>8</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> for LMS. This demonstrates TLMS's superior adaptability to time-varying characteristics of outdoor acoustic channels. Subsequently, the study evaluated the transfer function through spectral analysis, revealing the impact of atmospheric conditions on acoustic signal propagation and providing insights into the time-variance of the acoustic channel. The findings confirm the potential of TLMS for advanced acoustic modeling in outdoor environments, thus validating its implementation for real-time acoustic transfer function estimation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 110812"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}