Applied Acoustics最新文献

{"title":"Acoustic muffling of the Sonic Black Holes","authors":"Xiaoqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Lilong Wang ,&nbsp;Li Cheng ,&nbsp;Heow Pueh Lee ,&nbsp;Linke Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the growing interest in Sonic Black Holes (SBHs), existing research predominantly focuses on their sound absorption properties. However, real-life SBH structures, which consist of a finite number of concentric rings, inherently involve both sound absorption and reflection, which differ from the ideal SBHs designed for perfect absorption. Exploration of the muffling characteristics as well as the underlying mechanisms of SBHs are scarce, leaving their properties and underlying principles remain unclear. To bridge this gap, the above issues are investigated numerically and experimentally in this paper, in the context of a linear SBH connected to the main duct as a side branch. Numerical analyses reveal that SBH demonstrates multi-peak, broadband muffling characteristics, and outperforms the muffling performance of traditional quarter-wavelength tube. It was found that when the sound pressure distribution inside the SBH roughly matches odd quarter wavelengths pattern, both the absorption and reflection effects are maximized, resulting in the occurrence of muffling peaks. The SBH induced slow wave effect lowers muffling peak frequencies, creating multiple muffling peaks within the analyzed frequency band. The internal thermal-viscous dissipation effect ensures the broadband muffling performance. The numerically predicted noise attenuation results are validated through comparisons with experimental measurements. While shedding light on the underlying sound attenuation mechanisms, this study leverages the combined effects of partial absorption, reflection, cavity resonances and slow wave phenomena in practical SBHs to develop compact, broadband, low-frequency silencers, providing practical guidelines for future SBH-based muffler designs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 110949"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of generation and propagation of ultrasonic trailing pulses in rail web","authors":"Pei Li ,&nbsp;Zhi Luo ,&nbsp;Yuhua Zhang ,&nbsp;Yunzhong Ma ,&nbsp;Tianyang Tang ,&nbsp;Liang Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The morphological characters of ultrasound influence the pulse-echo inspection of steel rails significantly. Specifically, the steel rail is a complex waveguide, with the rail head, rail web, and rail base are quite different in their dimensions. As the thickness to wavelength ratio changes, the ultrasonic morphology evolves between bulk waves, trailing pulses, and guided waves. Among them, the trailing pulses are a transition regime between bulk waves and guided waves, manifested as a series of pulses which are nearly non-dispersive and equally-distributed in time domain. From the perspective of geometric acoustics and Rayleigh-Lamb function, the mechanism for the generation of trailing pulses in the rail web is analyzed, the time difference between adjacent pulses is solved. The finite element method is then applied to simulate the reflection and refraction of ultrasonic waves at the structural boundaries as they propagating from the rail head to the rail web, demonstrating the generation process of trailing pulses. Experimental results from rail surface and web cross-section validate the theoretical model, showing less than 2% error in pulse time intervals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 110964"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144666056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross time–frequency transformer for annoyance evaluation of noise in aircraft cabin","authors":"Jun Zhang,&nbsp;Kean Chen,&nbsp;Tong Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing a high-precision model for aircraft cabin sound quality prediction is crucial for advancing acoustic design, as it enables reliable prediction-based annoyance prediction rather than relying solely on traditional physical acoustic metrics. However, accurate prediction across various flight phases remains challenging due to noise complexity. Traditional methods (e.g., SVM, XGBoost) and deep learning models (e.g., CNN, LSTM) often fail to fully capture nonlinear relationships or generalize robustly. To address these limitations, this study proposes the Cross Time-Frequency Transformer (CTF-Former), which integrates time-domain and frequency-domain features through a four-stream architecture. The model employs self-attention and cross-attention mechanisms to enhance time–frequency interactions. Additionally, the Self-attention-based Feature Fusion (SaFF) module is introduced to optimize multi-stream feature integration. The CTF-Former demonstrates competitive performance, achieving a normalized MAE of 0.052 ± 0.004 (49.5 % lower than SVR, 25.7 % lower than XGBoost) with reduced variance compared to LSTM (standard deviation decreased by 80 %). It also attains RMSE of 0.068 ± 0.006 and <em>R</em>² of 0.89 ± 0.03 in 5-fold cross-validation, outperforming all compared baselines in average accuracy and stability. The model demonstrates applicability in annoyance prediction and has the potential to support practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 110947"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single channel speech denoising by DDPG reinforcement learning agent","authors":"Sania Gul ,&nbsp;Muhammad Salman Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Speech denoising (SD) covers the algorithms that suppress the background noise from the contaminated speech and improve its clarity. In this paper, a novel SD algorithm is presented based on the deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) agent; an off-policy reinforcement learning (RL) agent with a continuous action space. The noisy speech is first converted from the time domain to the time<em>–</em>frequency (TF) domain by taking its short-time Fourier transform (STFT), and then two separate DDPG agents are trained on the magnitude and phase components of the STFT. The reward function used for training these agents is the relative perceptual quality score of speech. After training, the DDPG agents generate the magnitude and phase soft masks, when noisy speech is given as input to them. These masks are then applied to the complex STFT matrix of the noisy speech to obtain the denoised speech. For matched testing data, the proposed system offers an improvement of 1.55 points in the perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ) over the unprocessed speech, the highest among the other recent state-of-the-art models used for comparison in this paper. It achieves this performance by utilizing data that is 7 times smaller than that required by other models. Also, its learnable parameters are the lowest among all models, almost 12 times less than the next most compact model, based on another continuous RL agent (policy gradient (PG)) for estimating its convolutional kernels. When cascaded with a coloured spectrogram-based SD model, the proposed model further improves the PESQ by 0.07, CSIG by 1.23, and COVL by 1.4 points; the metrics estimating respectively the perceived quality of speech, its composite distortion, and its composite overall quality, surpassing all other baseline systems compared here.<!--> <!-->In the cascaded configuration, our proposed model offers the highest gain in PESQ (by 0.78 points) at 50 times fewer episodes, compared to the already trained speech enhancement and recognition models utilizing discrete agents for their performance improvement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 110954"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hybrid Herschel-Quincke liner for modal sound attenuation in ducts","authors":"Lingfeng Chen ,&nbsp;Jilin Niu ,&nbsp;Weirui Qin ,&nbsp;Zhiliang Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a hybrid Herschel-Quincke liner consisting of the Herschel-Quincke (HQ) tube and porous material with a perforated plate covering for enhancing duct noise attenuation. The porous material between the HQ tube and the perforated plate provides supplementary damping, thereby improving noise attenuation without occupying additional space. The absorption performance of the hybrid HQ liner is evaluated through insertion loss experiments under higher order modes. The research reveals that the incorporation of porous material not only increases the single-frequency attenuation capability but also broadens the effective frequency range, highlighting the application potential of the hybrid HQ liner. Further investigation into the HQ tube with the perforated plate emphasizes the pivotal role of the perforated plate in affecting noise attenuation. The effectiveness of these structural designs is contingent upon the transfer impedance of the perforated plate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 110938"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144655821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment for coronary heart disease severity by STFTs from synchronized PCG and ECG","authors":"Hongwen Ma ,&nbsp;Wenhao Zhao ,&nbsp;Ni Jin ,&nbsp;Yineng Zheng ,&nbsp;Xingming Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrocardiogram (ECG) and phonocardiogram (PCG) signals reflect the electrical and mechanical activities of the heart, respectively. Noninvasive assessment of the severity of coronary heart disease (CHD) using ECG and PCG signals not only reduces the burden on physicians and frees up medical resources, but also serves as an affordable means of assessment and reduces the financial burden on patients. The purpose of this study was to provide a dual-input lightweight model based on the ShuffleNet architecture to assess CHD of different severity. The distinction between patients with Unconfirmed CHD with chest pain, patients with mild CHD, and patients with severe CHD was achieved without relying on the manual extraction of waveform features of ECG and PCG. ECG and PCG signals were prepossessed and transformed into short-time Fourier Transform spectrograms (STFTs). The proposed model in this study was trained in a five-fold cross-validation and the performance was compared with six common deep learning (DL) models. The proposed model in this study demonstrated an accuracy of 94.27%, precision of 94.37%, sensitivity of 94.22%, and F1 score of 94.25%. Validation of its validity and reliability in the task of classifying CHD at different levels of severity. The model proposed in this study exhibited lower sensitivity and variability compared to other classical models, indicating its strong robustness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 110940"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144655820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causality-inspired robust low-frequency broadband underwater sound absorption","authors":"Wenkai He ,&nbsp;Yicang Huang ,&nbsp;Qingyang Huang ,&nbsp;Xiaoqiang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dynamic properties of viscoelastic damping material are unstable and unpredictable, restricting its applications in underwater sound absorption. This paper investigates a novel causality-inspired design strategy for viscoelastic damping material enhanced underwater absorbers. This design strategy leads to low-frequency broadband absorption spectrum robust to material and geometric parameter uncertain variation. The causality-inspired robust sound absorption for passive system is first demonstrated. Based on this, an optimization strategy in the face of viscoelastic dynamic parameter variation is put forward. The design strategy is further implemented to the viscous damping material enhanced Helmholtz resonator (VDME-HR) to formulate a robust underwater low-frequency sound absorption. A lumped element method based on linearization is applied to predict the power and sound absorption characteristics of the VDME-HR. Results show that the theoretical predictions agree well with the numerical simulations. The experiment verifies the robustness of the design with a mean absorption coefficient at 0.86 in the frequency range [500 Hz, 900 Hz], even when the viscoelastic dynamic parameter varies by four times. This innovative robust design strategy has great potential in the future of noise control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 110951"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144655819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practical cylindrical acoustic gas thermometer of constant performance for space exploration","authors":"K.C. Ouyang ,&nbsp;X.J. Feng ,&nbsp;L. Xing ,&nbsp;J.T. Zhang ,&nbsp;Y.F. Sun ,&nbsp;X.T. Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110937","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110937","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is difficult to recalibrate thermometers currently used in harsh environment such as thermistors and thermocouples for in-situ observation of meteorological temperature on Mars or the moon once they are installed in site. However, environmental factors like space irradiation change the resistance–temperature relation, which results in large temperature measurement uncertainties. Acoustic gas thermometry (AGT) works on a physically invariant fundamental relation between gas particles’ acoustic energy and thermodynamic temperature with long-term reliability, which makes calibration unnecessary. Nevertheless, the existing acoustic resonators of AGT are bulk with typical diameters more than 60 mm, which makes the thermometers impractical. The principal difficulty of reducing resonator dimension lies in that the quality factor of measurement tends to be lower with a smaller size. This limit becomes more serious with increasing temperature and introducing acoustic waveguides. In this work, a miniaturised cylindrical resonator (30 mm in inner-diameter, 40 mm in inner-length) with acoustic waveguides for AGT is proposed. The results indicate that the resonant frequencies in argon at temperature from 213 K to 400 K were measured with the relative standard deviation less than <span><math><mrow><mn>1.0</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. The thermodynamic temperature with the standard uncertainty from 0.05 K to 0.43 K was obtained. Calibration uncertainty varied from 0.05 K to 1 K considering thermal inhomogeneity. The portable AGT has the potential for in-situ calibration of thermometers in harsh environment like space with an uncertainty of several times lower than present estimation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 110937"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144655817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical and finite element modellings of guided waves in multilayered quasicrystal nanoplates with imperfect interfaces and nonlocal effect","authors":"Xinxin Wang ,&nbsp;Jiangong Yu ,&nbsp;Bo Zhang ,&nbsp;Lahoucine Elmaimouni ,&nbsp;Liangjuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An analytical integration method for expanding boundary conditions using the Legendre polynomial is developed, which requires that both the control equations and boundary conditions are polynomially expanded to establish a characteristic system. This method can overcome the shortcomings of the available Legendre polynomial method in solving complexity and low efficiency for multilayered structures. Furthermore, a finite element model for Lamb waves in multilayered quasicrystal nanoplates with imperfect interfaces is developed. and then the excitation methods for phonon and phason modes are investigated. The numerical cases reveal that the imperfect interfaces lead to a notable decrease in wave velocities and cut-off frequencies, but increase the amplitude peaks of stresses and displacements. As the frequency increases, the influence of the imperfect interface effect on the nonlocal effect is first enhanced and then suppressed. The research results can provide theoretical references for the guided wave experiments of quasicrystals and the design of quasicrystal composite materials and acoustic devices with high-performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 110946"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on SONAH calculation accuracy optimization based on sparse matrix","authors":"Yang Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongwei Wang ,&nbsp;Guangyao Zhang ,&nbsp;Huihui Liao ,&nbsp;Shujie Li","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes an enhanced Statistically Optimized Near-field Acoustic Holography that integrates sparse matrix technique to address the longstanding challenge of low-frequency reconstruction accuracy. Conventional SONAH, while efficient and widely used, suffers from high condition numbers and numerical instability at low frequencies due to the smooth variation of sound pressure and dense propagation matrices. By leveraging the inherent sparsity in the propagation and reconstruction matrices, the proposed approach significantly improves numerical stability. The method is validated through both numerical simulations and field experiments conducted in a fully anechoic chamber using a scanning microphone array. Simulation results show that the sparse matrix-based algorithm achieves a notable reduction in average reconstruction error within the 100–500 Hz octave bands, outperforming the conventional SONAH by an average of 3.3 dB. Furthermore, field experiment results confirm the superior performance of the proposed algorithm, with an overall average reconstruction error that is 7.3 dB lower than that of the traditional approach. In addition to its accuracy advantages, the sparse matrix-based algorithm also demonstrates improved computational efficiency, utilizing approximately 20 % of the CPU resources, in contrast to the 60 % consumed by the conventional SONAH. This represents a reduction of two-thirds in CPU usage, highlighting the improved computational efficiency of the proposed approach. Given its compatibility with a wide range of measurement configurations and its enhanced performance in low-frequency reconstruction, the proposed method shows promise for practical applications such as mechanical fault diagnosis and architectural acoustic analysis. Further validation using high-channel-count and irregular array configurations is expected to extend its applicability to more complex field scenarios. Overall, this work highlights the potential of sparse matrix integration to enhance SONAH and offers new insights for effective sound field reconstruction in complex acoustic environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 110948"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144655816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}