Archaeological Prospection最新文献

{"title":"Thermal-Infrared Measurements of the North-East Tower at Ardrossan Castle","authors":"Michael Bowry,&nbsp;Amanda Simpson,&nbsp;Junseo Bae,&nbsp;Christopher Brooke,&nbsp;Annalise Gillan,&nbsp;John Hughes,&nbsp;Louise Allan,&nbsp;Christine Campbell,&nbsp;Andy Jones,&nbsp;Martin Kostigovs,&nbsp;Leanna Lennox,&nbsp;Colin Macintyre,&nbsp;Jill McColl,&nbsp;Michael McCulloch,&nbsp;Craig McLelland,&nbsp;Alison Montgomery","doi":"10.1002/arp.2003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.2003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Thermal-infrared imaging of buildings is used to investigate a range of phenomena including the accumulation of moisture. In general, the presence of moisture poses a direct danger to historic structures and must be characterized prior to any intervention. Many low-cost imaging solutions are available which has made the technology more accessible. In the current work, TIR imagery (10 \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>μ</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ upmu $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>m) of a likely gatehouse in the north-east corner of Ardrossan Castle (North Ayrshire, Scotland) was obtained by a multidisciplinary team including academics and volunteers from a local heritage charity. Raw image data were processed to enhance the clarity of the images and included corrections for thermal drift and sensor uniformity. An image-stacking procedure was applied, and the images were analysed to determine their signal-to-noise ratio. The processed thermal images (temperature maps) showed evidence of moisture retention within the masonry system of the gatehouse. In addition, a small difference in temperature was observed between masonry and mortar, consistent with the expected behaviour of historic lime mortars. This approach has revealed new information, unknown from visible surveys of the castle, and was achieved using low-cost materials and freely available software. The impact of water ingress on historic structures is discussed, together with complementary remote-sensing technologies that may benefit further investigations at the castle and other historic stone structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"32 4","pages":"949-965"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arp.2003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145706633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Geophysical Survey (GPR, ERT and Magnetometry) at the Kalehisar Archaeological Site in Central Anatolia","authors":"Sercan Kayın,&nbsp;Nedim Gökhan Aydın,&nbsp;Orhan Apaydın,&nbsp;Turgay İşseven","doi":"10.1002/arp.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Kalehisar Archaeological Site, located near Mahmudiye Village in the Alaca district of Çorum, provides important insight into the Anatolian Seljuk period and 13th–14th century settlements in Central Anatolia. The main objective of this study is to determine the location and depth of possible buried archaeological remains within the archaeological site. This approach not only guides future excavations but also contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of settlement patterns and architectural practices during the Seljuk period. To achieve this, a comprehensive geophysical survey was conducted, employing magnetometry, electrical resistivity tomography and ground penetrating radar methods. Spectral analysis was used to interpret magnetic anomalies and identify potential buried features. Ground penetrating radar measurements provided high-resolution subsurface imaging, allowing for the detection of fine-scale stratigraphic variations and potential shallow buried remains. Electrical resistivity tomography helped identifying subsurface structures with contrasting resistivity down to 10-m depth. Integrated geophysical results revealed wall continuations extending from the excavation area, alongside other buried features such as ceramic/pottery kilns and a possible mosque in a few depths from the surface. These findings are consistent with Seljuk-era settlements and can aid future excavations by optimizing resources and preserving archaeological integrity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"32 4","pages":"927-947"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145706558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure of the Multiphase Chalcolithic Tell Chiselet–Grădiștea Fundeanca (Romania) From SH-Wave Full-Waveform Inversion, Borehole Geophysics and Coring","authors":"Manuel Zolchow,&nbsp;Daniel Köhn,&nbsp;Natalie Pickartz,&nbsp;Martin Thorwart,&nbsp;Adrian Serbanescu,&nbsp;Ercan Erkul,&nbsp;Dennis Wilken,&nbsp;Stefan Dreibrodt,&nbsp;Robert Hofmann,&nbsp;Johannes Müller,&nbsp;Catalin Lazar,&nbsp;Wolfgang Rabbel","doi":"10.1002/arp.2002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.2002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The emergence and development of settlement mounds, also called tells, is of major interest for the analysis of socio-economic transformations occurring in the lower Danube plain during the East European Chalcolithic period. In this context, the multiphase chronology and structural layout of tells are highly relevant indicators, but small-scale heterogeneities and pronounced topography constitute challenging conditions for noninvasive geophysical investigations. In this paper we demonstrate that essential stratigraphical and structural information can be obtained by combining areal magnetic prospection with two-dimensional seismic shear wave sounding evaluated with full waveform inversion (FWI). For the study, we performed measurements at the Chalcolithic tell Grădiștea Fundeanca near Chiselet village (Romania). Main objectives are the reconstruction of different settlement phases as well as the detection and verification of archaeological features, especially of buried house structures. For ground-truthing down-hole magnetic susceptibility measurements, dynamic testing (DynP) and geoarchaeological corings are integrated to our investigation. In our FWI tomograms, two zones of increased shear wave velocity are visible in the upper 5 m beneath the tell surface. Although postdepositional has altered and partly compacted the upper 1.5 m below the surface, we find that both zones originate from a dense accumulation of compacted house debris layers consisting of daub between surrounding looser filling material. We assume the zones are related to periods of settlement activity (around 4300 <span>bc</span> and 4500 <span>bc</span>). Comparing magnetic prospection and the seismic results, we found that house remains produce structural characteristic anomalies of 100% and more increased shear wave velocity in the FWI models independent of the degree of combustion. Based on criteria such as the shape, size, depth and arrangement of the seismic and magnetic anomalies, we evaluate the probability for the existence of house remains. So we were able to validate and improve the reconstruction of the youngest settlement layout.</p>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"32 4","pages":"899-926"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arp.2002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145706504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracing Past Agrarian Field Systems Through Ai-Based Analysis of Satellite Imagery in Konya, Central Anatolia, Türkiye","authors":"Melda Küçükdemirci","doi":"10.1002/arp.2001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.2001","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques for the automated classification and detection of historical agrarian fields in Konya, Central Anatolia, Türkiye. Three training strategies were evaluated: (1) a standalone support vector machine (SVM), (2) fine-tuning of pretrained convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and (3) a hybrid approach that uses pretrained models as feature extractors in combination with an SVM for classification. Among the three approaches tested, fine-tuning the ResNet50V2 model emerged as the most flexible and computationally efficient method. Tests conducted on seven satellite image patches demonstrated high classification accuracy and notable model robustness. Despite these promising results, the limited availability of very high-resolution satellite imagery constrained model's broader applicability to larger test areas. Overall, the findings underscore the potential of AI-based models for historical land-use determination, offering archaeologists a valuable tool for both pre-survey targeting and postsurvey validation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"32 4","pages":"881-897"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145706310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"History Hidden in the Forest—Geoarchaeological Research on the Early Medieval Site in Samborsko (North-Western Poland)","authors":"Jan Marcin Czeski,&nbsp;Weronika Tyde,&nbsp;Jakub Niebieszczański,&nbsp;Luiza Zbiciak","doi":"10.1002/arp.2000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.2000","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forest archaeology is currently experiencing peak interest due to both good preservation of archaeological remains and the opportunities for research. The passage of Storm Eunice over northern Poland in 2022 enabled the exploration of Samborsko Site No. 21. We aimed to determine the site's extent, chronology and function using geoarchaeological methods (surface surveys, magnetometry, drillings and radiocarbon dating). As a result, four main magnetic anomalies were detected and interpreted as internal features of barrows, which was furthermore confirmed by drillings and stratigraphic observations. The chronology of the barrows was determined to the 10th–11th centuries <span>ad</span>, the same as that of nearby settlement sites, such as the adjacent early medieval stronghold - a tribal gord. Additionally, an anomaly with mound-like internal structure and a few pottery sherds were dated to the 7th century <span>ad</span>. While these results require further research, they may place the site among the oldest Slavic funeral sites in Pomerania. Our study also shows the important role of forests in both heritage preservation and archaeological research perspectives when it comes to extreme atmospheric events.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"32 4","pages":"869-880"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145706491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARchaeological Prospection: Synthetic Aperture Radar for the Reconstruction and Mapping of Temperate Floodplain Environments","authors":"Nicholas Crabb,&nbsp;Chris Carey,&nbsp;Andy J. Howard,&nbsp;Matthew Brolly","doi":"10.1002/arp.1999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.1999","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Temperate river floodplains present a significant challenge for archaeologists, as cultural and palaeoenvironmental remains are often difficult to locate but can be exceptionally well preserved, especially where groundwater levels are high. In these alluvial environments, the deposition of thick, fine-grained sediments has potential to deeply bury rich archaeological archives that can be used to reconstruct past environments, but these deposits also render conventional forms of archaeological prospection largely ineffective. Consequently, subsurface mapping techniques have been developed to determine the three-dimensional spatial distribution of archaeological remains and their relationship to sediment architecture within alluvial environments. These can be generated using a combination of intrusive (boreholes, trial pits, etc.) and nonintrusive (e.g., geophysical survey) investigations augmented by other geological and topographical datasets. Although lidar and other passive remote sensing methods such as multispectral imagery and aerial photography have been utilized to investigate floodplain landscapes, the spaceborne capabilities of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) have yet to be explored within the context of geoarchaeological prospection. This contribution, therefore, examines the capacity of SAR to reconstruct and map landform assemblages within temperate river floodplains by analysing images in a 6-year time series of (COSMO-SkyMed) SAR data across two valleys in Herefordshire, United Kingdom. The results demonstrate that SAR can be used to record the spatial extent of recent flood events to outline surface topographic complexity and water table levels to achieve a detailed understanding of subsurface complexity across temperate river floodplains. This information can, in turn, be used to form a ‘model’ of the likely distribution and potential preservation conditions of archaeological resources. Although higher resolution topographic datasets (e.g., lidar, if available) may often be more effective, the integration of SAR within geoarchaeological investigations provides an alternative data source for the reconstruction of alluvial landscapes.</p>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"32 4","pages":"839-867"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arp.1999","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145706472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Domus Nozze D'Argento in Pompeii: Structural Diagnosis Using Geophysical Methods","authors":"Nicola Masini,&nbsp;Maria Sileo,&nbsp;Fabrizio Terenzio Gizzi,&nbsp;Lara De Giorgi,&nbsp;Giovanni Leucci","doi":"10.1002/arp.1998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.1998","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Monitoring of ancient buildings is an issue of great interest in view of a proper restoration. This paper describes the noninvasive monitoring of the Domus Nozze D'Argento in Pompeii. The Roman house, as occurred for many other buildings in Pompei, was buried in the ash from the 79 <span>ad</span> eruption of Mount Vesuvius. It was excavated in 1893, the year of the silver wedding anniversary of King Umberto and Queen Margherita of Savoy. This event gave the name to the Roman domus whose excavations uncovered a monumental architecture composed of an atrium and two gardens. The atrium is characterized by four tall Corinthian columns and an elegant exedra with fine decoration. Of the two gardens, one, the larger, includes a central pool and a triclinium, and the other one is composed of a bathhouse, open-air swimming pool and a living room embellished by a mosaic floor and wall paintings. Over time, the weathering and the presence of heavy and rigid concrete structures have caused some static problems to be addressed by restorations respectful of the mechanical behaviour of the original load-bearing framework. To collect data useful for structural diagnosis, the geophysical investigation was undertaken based on the use of ground penetrating radar (GPR). The results allowed to evidence the conservation state of the investigated walls and columns using the high frequency antenna (2 GHz) and the identification of buried pipes using the 600-MHz antenna data.</p>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"32 4","pages":"827-838"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arp.1998","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145706318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Electromagnetic Mapping Through K-Means to Improve Identification of Areas of Archaeological Interest","authors":"Angelica Capozzoli,&nbsp;Valeria Paoletti,&nbsp;Federico Cella,&nbsp;Mauro La Manna,&nbsp;Ester Piegari","doi":"10.1002/arp.1996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.1996","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study proposes a procedure to improve the interpretation of data from the Frequency Domain ElectroMagnetic method (FDEM), a geophysical technique with high benefit–cost ratios in archaeology. This method enables the simultaneous analysis of electrical and magnetic properties of the investigated medium, providing data as in-phase and out-of-phase (quadrature) components of the electromagnetic field. Traditionally, FDEM produces individual maps for these components that are typically inspected and related to each other only visually. The proposed procedure is based on unsupervised machine learning that, by providing integrated maps of these two components, overcomes the limitations of visual inspection and streamlines the interpretative phase. The FDEM data acquired at the Torre Galli archaeological site in Calabria, Italy, were clustered using <i>K</i>-means, known for its effectiveness in partitioning densely distributed spatial data. The optimal number of clusters was determined through silhouette analysis. Once identified, the clusters were classified as either representative of the natural background or indicative of archaeological interest and mapped in real space. This analysis identified several areas with anomalous geophysical characteristics compared to the natural context, characterized by distinct ranges of EM property values, suggesting the presence of different archaeological targets, such as road, walls and iron/bronze tools, which are distributed heterogeneously in the subsoil. This classification facilitated the rapid delineation of areas with significant archaeological potential that may warrant further investigation, resulting in a reduction of both the study area size and the archaeological effort associated with excavation. A comparison of these areas with previous excavations and the results of a magnetic survey shows that the proposed procedure is promising in enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of the FDEM method for identifying areas of archaeological interest. The findings suggest a move towards automation in the interpretation process, which could improve cost-effectiveness and time optimization in geophysical and archaeological investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"32 4","pages":"797-811"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arp.1996","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145706492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Form and Timing of Damage to Archaeological Sites During the Syrian Conflict by Combining Evidence From Remote Sensing With Ground Observation","authors":"Adnan Almohamad,&nbsp;Kristen Hopper,&nbsp;William Deadman,&nbsp;Dan Lawrence,&nbsp;Graham Philip","doi":"10.1002/arp.1997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.1997","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Satellite remote sensing is used widely to monitor damage to archaeological sites in conflict areas, including in Syria. On-the-ground assessments have been fewer in number, and the degree to which remote sensing assessments reflect what is happening on the ground has not been extensively tested. Using data from 19 archaeological sites in northwest Syria, we present a case study comparing the strengths of satellite remote sensing and ground observation for assessing site condition. The temporal patterning of different types of damage is also compared to other studies and discussed in terms of a local understanding of political events.</p>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"32 4","pages":"813-826"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arp.1997","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145706490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multifaceted Spatial Analysis of Tomb Distribution in Blemmyan Berenike (Eastern Desert of Egypt)","authors":"Mariusz Gwiazda,&nbsp;Anna Fijałkowska,&nbsp;Oskar Graszka,&nbsp;Tomasz Herbich,&nbsp;Michał Tyszkiewicz","doi":"10.1002/arp.1995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.1995","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines the spatial and visual organisation of tombs in the post–Roman Berenike located in Egypt's Eastern Desert. Archaeological surveys, remote sensing, geophysical methods, excavations and GIS-based analyses are used for a comprehensive understanding of the spatial patterns and cultural significance behind the positions and layouts of 865 tumuli and 13 chamber tombs associated with the Blemmyes, an indigenous Eastern Desert people. The results indicate the existence of shared practices that shaped the sepulchral landscape of Berenike between the late fourth and fifth centuries <span>CE</span>, highlighting the deliberate placement of tombs in visually prominent locations, and a symbolic connection between the living community and their ancestors. This is argued to be an expression of establishing control over the town during a period when the Blemmyes transitioned from a nomadic to a more settled lifestyle and created state structures. The clustering of tombs at the site has been linked to the segmented nature of the local society. These findings contribute to a broader understanding of mortuary practices in the post–Roman period Eastern Desert and offer new perspectives on the social organisation of the Blemmyes. The results also provide a foundation for future comparative studies of sepulchral landscapes in northeast Africa, offering a spatial analysis model for other archaeological sites. This study offers a replicable spatial analysis model for archaeological sites globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"32 4","pages":"777-795"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arp.1995","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145706604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}