Archaeological Prospection最新文献

{"title":"Application of Geophysical Methods and Correlation to the Archaeological Record at the Mariano Miró Site, La Pampa, Argentina","authors":"Alicia Haydée Tapia,&nbsp;Virginia Pineau,&nbsp;Carlos G. Landa,&nbsp;Emanuel Montanari,&nbsp;Jimena Doval,&nbsp;Andrés López Hidalgo,&nbsp;Diana Agostina Ortiz","doi":"10.1002/arp.1981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.1981","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article focuses on the geophysical survey results from the Mariano Miró site (Chapaleufú, La Pampa, Argentina). In 1901, a settlement composed of tenant settlers existed at this location. Although the town was ephemeral, it had basic services such as blacksmiths, warehouses, hotels, hairdressers and a population of approximately 500 inhabitants. Post-abandonment, which began in 1911, the remains of the settlement were buried. Nowadays, the field under the site is used for soybean cultivation. Archaeological research at the site began in 2011, applying a fieldwork method focusing on large areas, taphonomic analysis and spatial distribution of archaeological materials. However, the detection of possible below-surface constructions remained pending. Therefore, two combined geophysical methods were employed to optimize the identification of anomalous sectors with possible buried remains. The OhmMapper technique generated a soil map by contrasting electrical resistivity, while we employed a Gradiometer to measure remnant magnetism in subsurface materials. OhmMapper measurements revealed resistive anomalies ranging from 410 to 6000 Ω. They were found in the central and western sectors of the site and possibly corresponded to the remains of construction materials. Magnetic prospecting indicated very weak anomalies, between −1 and 1.3 nT, which could be linked to accumulations of thermoaltered materials in which the signal was enhanced (tiles, bricks or pottery remains). Distributional data from the archaeological record and resistivity and magnetic anomalies were positively correlated. However, in other sectors of the site, a direct correlation between the geophysical and archaeological data has not yet been verified in the field, given the differences in accuracy between the GPS navigator and the differential GPS, used to identify the topographic points and the sectors to be excavated.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"32 3","pages":"587-599"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144935451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidisciplinary Approach to Identifying Early Mediaeval Gates: A Case Study of the Břeclav–Pohansko Stronghold","authors":"Petr Dresler,&nbsp;Michaela Prišťáková,&nbsp;Peter Milo,&nbsp;František Kuda,&nbsp;Karel Kirchner,&nbsp;Igor Murín,&nbsp;Jan Havelka","doi":"10.1002/arp.1984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.1984","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study presents a comprehensive approach to verifying a presumed western gate at Pohansko by integrating nondestructive geophysical methods (ERT, magnetometry and core prospection) with traditional archaeological excavation. The identification and characterization of gates by nondestructive methods within early mediaeval fortified sites have been overlooked in archaeological studies, despite their important role in stronghold defence and settlement layout. Through a convergence of factors including the fortification's construction conducive to ruin preservation, the use of wooden structural elements and evidence from a significant fire, we successfully pinpointed the gate's location. Traces of gate were present in all chosen methodological approaches. Although ERT and magnetometry identified significant anomalies, their standalone findings lacked conclusive evidence of a gate. It was the integration of these methods alongside coring and excavation that provided definitive location and dimension verification. Despite limitations, magnetometry emerged as a valuable tool for gate localization, though unable to discern structural details postfire. Core sampling clarified the gate's extent and layer composition, albeit hindered by heavily burnt layers. The newfound knowledge of the gate not only advances our understanding of the site's urban layout but also gives information on future research about river sediments, where remnants of bridges connected to gates are anticipated. Comparable in dimensions to gates at similar neighbouring strongholds, the gate's specific construction and function remain topics for further investigation. This study underlines the significance of geophysical methods in archaeology of fortifications, advocating for their integrated use alongside archaeological excavation or core prospection to clarify the interpretation.</p>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"32 3","pages":"627-643"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arp.1984","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144935448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Deep in Time and Far in Space: Multiproxy Geophysical, Coring and Geochemical Prospection of an (Not Only) Iron Age Village (Ebro Valley, Navarre)","authors":"Mattin Aiestaran,&nbsp;Ekhine Garcia-Garcia,&nbsp;Josu Narbarte,&nbsp;Daniel Ruiz-González,&nbsp;Oihane Mendizabal,&nbsp;Jordi Principal,&nbsp;Juantxo Agirre-Mauleon,&nbsp;José Antonio Mujika-Alustiza,&nbsp;Urtzi Etxeberria,&nbsp;Mikel Edeso,&nbsp;Eneko Iriarte","doi":"10.1002/arp.1978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.1978","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The archaeological research carried out at Irulegi, a hilltop site on the namesake mountain (Aranguren Valley, Navarre, Spain), has revealed one of the most important examples of fortified protohistoric settlements in the western Pyrenees, characterized by its long evolution and the exceptional preservation of its remains. This site has been systematically explored using a range of methods, both geophysical and direct, including GPR, ERT and magnetic prospection, geoarchaeological coring, chemostratigraphic analysis and verification test pits, which have finally indicated the most suitable areas for excavations. The surveys carried out suggest that the settlement was initially established for defensive purposes and to exert control over the surrounding territory during the Middle to Late Bronze Age, approximately between the 15th and 11th centuries <span>bc</span>. The site remained occupied throughout the Iron Age until the first third of the 1st century <span>bc</span>, when it was abandoned following an assault by Roman forces in the context of the Sertorian Wars. The continuity of the archaeological record observed in the direct prospection, coupled with the remarkable quality and preservation of the architectural and archaeological evidence observed in the geophysical survey, outlines Irulegi as a key site for understanding the socioeconomic development of protohistoric populations in this region and could also offer insights applicable to other fortified Iron Age settlements in this or other regions of southwestern Europe.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"32 3","pages":"562-586"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144935428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Survey to Rescue Excavation: Ground Truthing Geophysical Data From the Timișoara-Freidorf La Tène Culture Settlement","authors":"A. C. Ardelean,&nbsp;A. Sărășan,&nbsp;A. Georgescu,&nbsp;C. Timoc,&nbsp;Ș. Popa","doi":"10.1002/arp.1979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.1979","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The current study employs a geophysical approach, integrating magnetic and Electrical Resistivity Tomography techniques, to unveil the Timișoara-Freidorf La Tène culture settlement in the lowlands of the Banat region, southwestern Romania, within the context of a rescue excavation. A multi-method approach was adopted in order to enhance archaeological precision. Geophysics proved essential in unveiling historical layers facing imminent destruction, providing insights into settlement organization. With a 71% correspondence rate between predicted and excavated archaeological features, we highlight the effectiveness of magnetic measurements in anticipating content for subsequent rescue excavations, especially in the context of La Tène culture features, where an overall detection rate of 85.7% is achieved. A total of 38 potential archaeological features were identified, with subsequent excavation confirming six as La Tène culture features. The excavation uncovered a detailed chronology, emphasizing craft workshops and a semicircular structural pattern. This research not only underscores the efficacy of geophysical methods in anticipating excavation content but also contributes significantly to the identification and understanding the organizational structures of Late Iron Age communities in the Banat region, a region still in its early stages of exploration.</p>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"32 3","pages":"549-561"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arp.1979","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144935380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waste Management and Waste Disposal Detected by Combination of Analytical Methods: Late Bronze Age Březnice Settlement Site (South Bohemia)","authors":"Tereza Šálková,&nbsp;Kristýna Budilová,&nbsp;Jaromír Kovárník,&nbsp;Antonín Majer,&nbsp;Jan Novák,&nbsp;Jaroslav Pavelka,&nbsp;Barbora Strouhalová,&nbsp;Libor Vobejda,&nbsp;Ondřej Šťastný,&nbsp;Martin Kuna,&nbsp;Ondřej Chvojka","doi":"10.1002/arp.1973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.1973","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Waste disposal processes and landfill management are crucial subjects in the field of settlement archaeology. Our study is focused on understanding the processes that are connected to the formation of the infills of settlement features and the recycling of the building materials (daub and wood) and waste management. These research questions are addressed through the analysis of plant macroremains, charcoals, phytoliths, starch, micromorphology, phosphates and magnetic susceptibility. The results show the waste character of feature infills, which reflect the economy of the individual households. The composition of the archaeobotanical assemblages is not influenced by the type of feature, and similarities in the plant spectra often emerge in the features located close to each other. The charcoal and dendrochronological analyses suggest that part of the building's oak timber was recycled and later used as fuelwood. The presence of uncharred remains of vegetative and generative parts in wastes was detected by phytolith and starch analyses and the presence of meat and dung of livestock by animal protein analyses. Anomalies in soil phosphate indicate differing amounts of organic matter in individual features. Magnetic susceptibility measurements showed that each feature infill was formed in a one-time event. The sedimentological analysis demonstrated that the infills of different types of features were similar, but only the infill of Late and Final Bronze Age cultures' specific trench-like features was compacted. All proxies combined suggest that prior deposition of waste in sunken features first accumulated elsewhere and became mixed/homogenized.</p>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"32 3","pages":"525-548"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arp.1973","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144935158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Architecture of Large Kurgans of the Scythians and Their Periphery: A Challenge for Magnetometer Prospections in the Eurasian Steppe Belt","authors":"Jörg W. E. Fassbinder,&nbsp;Anton Gass","doi":"10.1002/arp.1976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.1976","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The burial mounds of the early Iron Age, which we will refer to below as kurgans, from the nomadic equestrian warriors of Eurasia, form a very complex group of archaeological monuments. Archaeological excavations in Aržan 2 (Siberia) and Aleksandropol (Ukraine) show that the large burial mounds are complex architectural constructions. Such monuments included not only the kurgan mounds themselves but also their immediate surroundings. In the area surrounding the kurgan, further graves, hordes and sacrificial facilities that belonged to the periphery of the large burial mound were uncovered. These results gave birth to the hypothesis that these findings are characteristic of burial mounds of the Scythian period. With extended archaeo-geophysical investigations, we aimed to test this assumption and verify this hypothesis by surveying as many Scythian sites across the entire steppe belt as possible. Here, we present a selection of representative case studies from 24 archaeological sites that support this hypothesis. Our archaeo-geophysical investigations show that similar and previously unknown finds can be found in the periphery of the Scythian-era necropolises in the Eurasian steppe throughout the entire steppe belt. By comparing many magnetometer studies, we gained exceptional new archaeological insights that would have remained hidden for decades using conventional archaeological excavation methods. We uncovered some findings by using a magnetometer survey for the first time. Such parallels of findings indicate intensive contacts of the early equestrian nomads in the east with both the northwestern steppe of Kazakhstan, the steppe of the northern Caucasus and in the steppe region of the Lower Trans-Volga, which forms the corridor between Europe and Asia and the western North Caucasus. Comparable structures with the same magnetic signature may indicate a comparable ritual character. Buildings of these early Iron Age nomadic horsemen presumably served the same rites and established burial rituals. As a result, these groups were possibly already connected by a widespread communication network in the 1st millennium <span>bc</span>, which stretched across Eurasia's entire 4200-km-wide steppe belt.</p>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"32 3","pages":"507-524"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arp.1976","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144935416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Shadow of Its Former Self: Exploring the Urban Landscape of Iron Age Hillforts Through an Integrated Analysis of Drone LiDAR and Geophysics","authors":"Victorino Mayoral Herrera,&nbsp;Elia Quirós Rosado,&nbsp;Jesus García Sánchez","doi":"10.1002/arp.1975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.1975","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>LiDAR data are quite commonly used for the analysis of archaeological landscapes over large areas in order to identify a wide range of cultural features. Open access datasets provided by regional or national services are very suitable for this medium/large scale exploration, but they often fail in the identification of more subtle microtopographical features at a site scale. Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) with higher resolution LiDAR coverage can fill this gap, offering valuable clues about the internal spatial organization of ancient settlements. In this paper, we offer a representative example of this casuistry focused on Iron Age fortified sites (hillforts) in the Southwest of the Iberian Peninsula. The process of capture and processing of LiDAR data combined with results of photogrammetric flights is explained. An analysis based on the application of visualization methods designed for archaeological investigation was made, in order to extract as much information as possible. From this point onwards, automatic and semiautomatic detection techniques were developed in order to recognize regular patterns that could eventually help in the reconstruction of the urban landscape of the sites. Finally, the results are combined with other nondestructive methods in order to provide a reliable diagnostic about the cultural interpretation of the features we have detected.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"32 1","pages":"179-196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"World Archaeo-Geophysics: Integrated Minimally Invasive Approaches Using Country-Based ExamplesBy Carmen Cuenca-Garcia, Andrei Asăndulesei, and Kelsey M. Lowe (eds.), Springer, 2024. 482 pp. Free (E-book); $39.99 (paperback). ISBN: 978-3-031-57900-4. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57900-4","authors":"William T. D. Wadsworth","doi":"10.1002/arp.1977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.1977","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"32 2","pages":"503-504"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Geophysical Search for 19th-Century Underground Tanks in Krakow (Poland): Analysis of 2D, 2.5D and 3D ERT Surveys","authors":"Bernadetta Pasierb,&nbsp;Wiesław Nawrocki","doi":"10.1002/arp.1974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.1974","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The paper presents the results of a noninvasive geophysical search for 19th-century underground tanks located in the former Austrian imperial barracks complex of Archduke Rudolf in Krakow (Poland). The location of the tanks was necessary to assess their condition for safety reasons. Complementary geophysical methods in terms of field conditions and data acquisition, that is, magnetometry, ground penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), were used to locate the tanks. Interdisciplinary surveys made it possible to identify the subsurface structure, locate sewage settling tanks and verify archival documentation. The paper presents the problems that arise in imaging underground structures using applied geophysical methods. The aim of the study was also to assess the effectiveness of these methods in subsurface identification, including 2D, 2.5D and 3D ERT surveys. The applied sequence of measurements (magnetometric, GPR and ERT) proved to be correct and the most effective. It allowed for narrowing down the research area. Magnetometric measurements allowed for the location of iron elements related to the construction of the tanks. GPR measurements determined their range. The ERT results showed that 2D and 2.5D surveys conducted in the parallel-line arrangement are as effective in determining the location of an anomalous object as the 3D orthogonal-line arrangement. The 3D method enabled the identification of additional anomalies not detected by the 2.5D method. From the point of view of the practicality of both techniques, the 2.5D method turned out to be better than the 3D method, due to the simplicity of the fieldwork, lower spatial and hardware requirements, a greater depth range and lower complexity of data acquisition and processing.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"32 2","pages":"483-502"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ground Penetration Radar and Magnetic Surveys for Archaeogeophysical Prospecting at the Seti I Temple at Abydos, Sohag, Egypt","authors":"Abdelbaset M. Abudeif,&nbsp;Gamal Z. Abdel Aal,&nbsp;José A. Peláez,&nbsp;Rashad Sawires,&nbsp;Marwa M. Masoud,&nbsp;Ahmad Elnassari,&nbsp;Khamis K. Mansour,&nbsp;Hossameldeen A. Gaber,&nbsp;Mohammed A. Mohammed","doi":"10.1002/arp.1968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.1968","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents an archaeogeophysical prospection in Abydos, a rich archaeological site including royal monuments and tombs from multiple periods of Ancient Egypt. Abydos is the most important burial site of ancient Egypt, having a history extending back about 7500 years. Near-surface geophysical techniques, particularly ground magnetic and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys, have been used to discover hidden ancient archaeological objects that will help with the site's long-term development. The main objective of this work was the depth estimation and geometry determination of the buried archaeological objects southwest Seti I temple, such as walls, tombs and other features. A proton-precession magnetometer (G-857) and an SIR-4000 equipment with an antenna of 200 MHz were used as instrumentation for the magnetic and GPR surveys, respectively. A final output is a total magnetic intensity (TMI) anomaly map, which has undergone extensive filtering to separate the residual components related to the shallow objects that could potentially serve as archaeological targets from the regional components of the deeper anomalies. Depth was estimated using source parameter imaging and 3D Euler deconvolution. The qualitative interpretation of the obtained magnetic maps reveals that there are clusters of anomalies that could indicate archaeological remains. On the other hand, the GPR findings reveal the presence of reflection hyperbolae within the measured profiles coinciding with the magnetic anomalies, supporting the probable existence of archaeological buried objects, which need to be confirmed by excavation. The main depths of these objects range approximately between 1 and 3 m. Our results bring new light on yet uninvestigated archaeological features at Abydos, paving the road to renewed archaeological research in this area.</p>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"32 2","pages":"459-481"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}