Archaeological Prospection最新文献

{"title":"Thermal Analysis of Evapotranspiration in Cultivated Fields for the Detection of Archaeological Anomalies","authors":"Gabriele Ciccone","doi":"10.1002/arp.1946","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arp.1946","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Archaeological aerial thermography has traditionally focused on bare ground terrain; however, recent developments in drone technology have prompted a reconsideration of thermal analysis on cultivated fields. This study investigates three different sites using drones equipped with thermal, RGB and multispectral sensors to identify archaeological anomalies. This research challenges the traditional focus of thermal cameras on vegetation-free terrains by investigating cultivated land, where the perceived temperature is influenced by evapotranspiration—a combination of soil evaporation and vegetation transpiration. While agricultural studies have emphasized the ability of thermal sensors to detect varying temperatures in irrigated vegetation, archaeology has mainly used multispectral sensors for vegetated land. The study shows that in wheat-covered fields, thermal analysis outperforms multispectral and RGB sensors in detecting anomalies associated with archaeological features. Unexpectedly, optimal anomaly detection occurs during mid-morning and mid-afternoon flights, challenging traditional ideas about the timing of thermal analysis. The research highlights the need for renewed interest in the use of thermal cameras for archaeological anomaly detection in cultivated fields. However, further comparative studies between thermal and multispectral analyses on different sites are essential to establish the wider effectiveness of thermal sensors. This study challenges established notions of archaeological aerial thermography and argues for a re-evaluation of sensor selection and flight timing to improve the detection of archaeological features in cultivated fields.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"31 3","pages":"217-231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141577486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Object Detection Algorithm for Efficient Damages Identification of the Conservation of Heritage Buildings","authors":"Huadu Tang,&nbsp;Yalin Feng,&nbsp;Ding Wang,&nbsp;Ruiguang Zhu,&nbsp;Liwei Wang,&nbsp;Shengwang Hao,&nbsp;Shan Xu","doi":"10.1002/arp.1947","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arp.1947","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Heritage buildings are crucial for any area's cultural and political aspects. Proper maintenance and monitoring are essential for the conservation of these buildings. However, manual inspections are time-consuming and expensive. We propose a deep learning–based detection framework to identify the damages on the ancient architectural wall. The algorithm applied in this study is YOLOv5. Comparing its five different versions, it was decided to use YOLOv5m as the most accurate detection algorithm with a mAP of 0.801. The damage types identified are physical weathering and visitors' scratches. High-resolution images were selected for the experiment and effectively identified image. In addition, the applied algorithm allows real-time detection and the identification of seasonal sources of disruption, which is proved by the video test in this study. The findings contribute to the development of an intelligent tool for health monitoring with the goal of fast and remote damage detection in the routine maintenance of heritage buildings.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"31 3","pages":"233-247"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141505086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying Ground Penetrating Radar and Electrical Resistivity Tomography for the Detection of Archaeological Structures in a Pre-Tarascan Classic-Epiclassic Site, Tingambato, Michoacán, Mexico","authors":"J. Ortega-Ramírez,&nbsp;M. Bano,&nbsp;J. L. Punzo-Díaz,&nbsp;L. A. Villa Alvarado,&nbsp;J. L. Salas-Corrales","doi":"10.1002/arp.1945","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arp.1945","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A survey was conducted to investigate buried archaeological remains at Tingambato, a pre-Tarascan classic-epiclassic archaeological site located in the north-central part of the State of Michoacán in western Mexico, using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). The aim of this study was to detect the foundations (ancient buried walls) and cavities (tombs), define the geometry of the foundations and correlate construction style and depth with relative chronological buried structures. The survey was carried out on two grids of 15 m × 37 m (Zona Verde) and 10.25 m × 36.5 m (Ballgame court), using a 200 MHz antenna for GPR and Schlumberger-Wenner arrays for ERT. GPR 3D acquisition was carried out along parallel lines spaced 0.25 m apart in a single direction. In the first area, considering the geometric shape found at a depth of 1.35 m, we can assume the existence of a buried structure, probably wall remains. In the second area, a very diffractive zone coincides with a resistive anomaly (&gt; 2000 ohm·m). In order to refine the GPR results, synthetic modelling and a comparison with real traces were carried out. The 1D GPR modelling allows us to precise the presence of a cavity with a rectangular cross section. Since the type of volcaniclastic avalanche deposits of the subsoil do not allow the formation of cavities of that size, we infer that it may be the remains of a tomb or an anthropogenic cavity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"31 3","pages":"203-216"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141268056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GPR and ERT Exploration in the Western Cemetery in Giza, Egypt","authors":"Motoyuki Sato,&nbsp;Ryuma Saito,&nbsp;Abbas Mohamed Abbas,&nbsp;Hany Mesbah,&nbsp;Ayman Taha,&nbsp;Wael R. Gaweish,&nbsp;Mohamed Aldeep,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Ali,&nbsp;Hiromasa Kurokouchi,&nbsp;Kazumitsu Takahashi,&nbsp;Gad El-Qady,&nbsp;Sakuji Yoshimura","doi":"10.1002/arp.1940","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arp.1940","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A geophysical exploration employing ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was conducted at the Western Cemetery, Giza, Egypt, in 2021–23 by a joint research team of Higashi Nippon International University, Tohoku University and the National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), Helwan, Egypt. We believe we found an anomaly: a combination of a shallow structure connected to a deeper structure. The shallow structure, which is L-shaped in the horizontal plane, 10 m by 10 m, was clearly imaged by GPR. It seems to have been filled with sand, which means it was backfilled after it was constructed. It may have been an entrance to the deeper structure. Its depth is of up to 2 m, measured from the ground surface. Below this structure, ERT reveals a highly electrically resistive anomaly, which extends over an area of about 10 m by 10 m. The depth of the structure is about 5–10 m below the surface. Electrically resistive material in a sand dune can be a mixture of sand and gravel, including sparse spacing or air voids within it. Neither GPR nor ERT could identify the properties of the anomaly.</p>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"31 2","pages":"187-198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arp.1940","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140883226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bathymetric LiDAR and Semi-Automated Feature Extraction Assist Underwater Archaeological Surveys","authors":"Dylan S. Davis,&nbsp;Jessica W. Cook Hale,&nbsp;Nathan L. Hale,&nbsp;Trevor Z. Johnston,&nbsp;Matthew C. Sanger","doi":"10.1002/arp.1939","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arp.1939","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Critical data concerning key developments in global human history now lie submerged on continental shelves where investigations confront significant challenges. Whereas underwater excavations and surveys are expensive and weather dependent and require specialized training and equipment, remote sensing methods can improve chances for success offshore. A refinement in one method, a semi-automated analysis protocol that can help to identify Pleistocene and Holocene era archaeological deposits in bathymetric LiDAR datasets, is presented here. This method employs contour mapping to identify potential archaeological features in shallow water environments in Apalachee Bay, Florida. This method successfully re-identified multiple previously recorded archaeological sites in the study region and detected at least four previously undocumented archaeological sites. These results suggest that this procedure can expand on methods to identify and record submerged archaeological deposits in sediment-starved, shallow-water environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"31 2","pages":"171-186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arp.1939","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140828210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intensively Cultivated Roman Villae Estates: Case Study of Medulin Bay (Istria, Croatia)","authors":"Nives Doneus,&nbsp;Michael Doneus","doi":"10.1002/arp.1933","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arp.1933","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Our image of the Roman landscape of Istria is characterised by large-scale centuriation and architectural remains of Roman villae. Detection and mapping of other, less dramatic landscape features require systematic large-scale prospection, but this faces significant difficulties in the Mediterranean environment. However, the developments in the field of airborne laser scanning offer the possibility to create archaeologically usable digital terrain models under water and under very dense and low maquis vegetation. This paper reports on the use of terrain models created using a green laser and a sophisticated archaeologically driven ground point filtering strategy. Combined with archaeological aerial photo interpretation, this provides the means for landscape mapping and interpretation that has revealed a wealth of archaeological structures hinting at Roman agricultural practices and landscape. Our case study is based on a laser scan of about 24 km² of land and underwater terrain in Medulin Bay. Processed, visualised and interpreted for archaeological purposes, the data reveal not only features ranging from prehistoric hilltop settlements to modern military installations but also features a complex picture of the Roman land use. Of particular interest is the large number of planting pits, which extend over a total length of 4 km. They were laid on a regular grid of approximately 35 × 35 m, sometimes combined in contiguous parcels. They can be interpreted as remains of orchards or tree nurseries of Roman date, and the paper examines also the question of whether they can be linked to the associated Roman estates. The case study area presented here shows that the potential of remote sensing methods goes far beyond the mere finding of traditional sites but can open up new landscape-scale perspectives on regions that have been archaeologically little explored.</p>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"31 2","pages":"75-97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arp.1933","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140664121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thickness Estimation of the Soil-Sedimentary Cover Inside Causewayed Enclosures to Locate an Occupation Layer: Map of the Archaeological Potential of the Neolithic Causewayed Enclosure of Le Pontet","authors":"Guillaume Bruniaux,&nbsp;Marylise Onfray,&nbsp;Grégory Dandurand,&nbsp;François Lévêque,&nbsp;Vivien Mathé,&nbsp;Antoine Laurent,&nbsp;Hélène Vitté,&nbsp;Vincent Ard","doi":"10.1002/arp.1934","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arp.1934","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The western centre of France is one of the richest regions of Western Europe in terms of causewayed enclosures from the Neolithic period. To date, more than 300 such sites have been identified. Most causewayed enclosures in the region range in size from some hectares to over 10 ha. Exhaustive excavation of such sites is rarely performed because such operations are both financially expensive and time intensive. Completing an exhaustive excavation of these sites is also extremely complicated due to their complexity. Recording the most complete possible site plan is a major challenge for optimizing excavation. Traditionally, aerial photography has been the primary method used for delineating causewayed enclosure plans. A magnetic survey can also provide complementary information. Magnetic imaging reveals both enclosure ditches and internal features (pits, postholes, etc.) quickly and with high spatial resolution. At some sites, occupation layers dating from the time of enclosure may be preserved and contain archaeological artefacts or small features in situ. This article proposes a protocol for locating a Neolithic occupation layer inside a Neolithic causewayed enclosure. To locate the areas where this layer is likely to be present, a map of the archaeological potential of the Le Pontet site was produced based on a thickness map of the soil-sedimentary cover. This map was created by combining an apparent electrical resistivity map, the results of electrical resistivity tomography, an orthophotograph with contrasting cropmarks and the results of dynamic cone penetration tests. To validate the archaeological potential map, an excavation campaign was conducted in 2020 to investigate several sectors; the aim was to prove the presence of the occupation layer and study the pedo-sedimentary stratigraphy of the site.</p>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"31 2","pages":"99-122"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arp.1934","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140628860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isla del Fraile. Reconstructing Coastal Dynamics in Southeastern Spain Through Underwater Archaeological Survey","authors":"Alejandro Quevedo,&nbsp;Enrique Aragón,&nbsp;Juan de Dios Hernández García,&nbsp;Javier Rodríguez Pandozi,&nbsp;Tomoo Mukai,&nbsp;Alicia Segura,&nbsp;Joel Bellviure,&nbsp;Ricardo Muñoz Yesares","doi":"10.1002/arp.1937","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arp.1937","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A new archaeological research project analyses the history of Isla del Fraile (Águilas, Spain), a small island off the coast occupied since at least Roman times. Its isolation means that the sea has always conditioned its connectivity and relationship with land. Despite some underwater studies carried out in previous decades, its underwater surroundings, El Hornillo Bay, continue to be relatively unexplored. In parallel to the excavation work on the island's surface, an underwater survey was carried out in the area, which is known for its archaeological wealth. The objectives of this paper are to study the underwater contexts associated with the archaeological site, to determine whether there were any ports or anchorages and to analyse the phases of greatest activity in the bay between Antiquity and the Modern Age. New data are provided, and earlier finds, either previously unpublished or from private donations, are also reviewed. The findings are discussed and related to their local and interregional contexts. The main purpose is to offer a new contribution to the study of the maritime cultural landscape of the Western Mediterranean through a region underrepresented by research.</p>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"31 2","pages":"149-170"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arp.1937","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140580946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assess the Effectiveness of Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves Method in Mapping Ancient Structures in Ultrashallow Aquatic Environments: The Case of Agioi Theodoroi, Greece","authors":"George Kritikakis, Nikos Papadopoulos, Nikos Andronikidis, Kleanthis Simyrdanis, Theotokis Theodoulou","doi":"10.1002/arp.1938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.1938","url":null,"abstract":"The present geophysical research aims to evaluate the applicability of multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) on mapping ultrashallow underwater ancient masonry remnants. The work presents the analysis from a single seismic line using MASW and seismic refraction tomography (SRT) methods and its corresponding electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) section surveyed at the submerged prehistoric site of Agioi Theodoroi area located 10 km eastern of Heraklion, Crete, Greece. The 2D MASW velocity model exhibits significant correspondence with the resistivity structure extracted from the ERT data, showing lateral S‐wave velocity (Vs) variations at the positions where the high resistivity anomalies exist. The analysis of synthetic seismic data calculated from a respective model reproduced a comparable S‐wave velocity pseudo‐section with the real data. However, the investigated targets (submerged buried masonry) appear shallower and wider in MASW sections than in the real world and the corresponding synthetic models, due to insufficient vertical and horizontal resolution of this method. Surface waves travelling through the seafloor sediments (Scholte‐waves) demonstrate very low velocity values. This makes them suitable for the detection of shallow and relatively large (&gt; 0.5 m) underwater manmade structures, providing the enhancement of MASW method resolution, by utilizing a high frequency (&gt; 100 Hz) seismic source, recording short Scholte wavelengths (≤ 1 m) and using shorter (≤ 0.5 m) receiver spacing and array length. Consequently, the results of this work demonstrate the potential in employing conventional seismic techniques in the delineation of underwater antiquities and the revealing of the cultural dynamics in very shallow off‐shore archaeological sites.","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140580944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic and GPR Data Modelling via Multiscale Methods in San Pietro in Crapolla Abbey, Massa Lubrense (Naples)","authors":"Luigi Bianco,&nbsp;Mauro La Manna,&nbsp;Valentina Russo,&nbsp;Maurizio Fedi","doi":"10.1002/arp.1936","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arp.1936","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We performed magnetic and GPR measurements to image the buried ruins of the Middle Age abbey <i>San Pietro in Crapolla</i>, on the Sorrento-Amalfi Coast (Massa Lubrense, Southern Italy). The site represents an important religious location, which is nowadays partially buried along the cliff. An integrated study was necessary to map the buried structures and address the archaeological excavation. For this reason, we carried out the surveys on two main grids in order to reconstruct the structures of the abbey and of its related church. The magnetic data were filtered through the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and then transformed to total gradient maps. The obtained maps were interpreted with depth from extreme points (DEXP) imaging method to assess the horizontal and depth positions of the top. The GPR data were processed and time-depth converted. Results from the integrated interpretation of these data suggest the possible presence of different vaulted rooms and an elongated structure at 0.3-m depth from ground surface. This latter is interpretable in terms of perimetral and internal walls of the abbey and its church. These outcomes were crucial to successfully address archaeological excavations, which targeted one of the modelled areas and unearthed a wall at the predicted depths.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55490,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Prospection","volume":"31 2","pages":"139-147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140580949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}