IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Arctic Pub Date : 2022-09-11 DOI: 10.14430/arctic75673

D. Natcher, A. Bogdan, C. Southcott

{"title":"Trends in Subsistence Research in Northern Canada: A Systematic Literature Review","authors":"D. Natcher, A. Bogdan, C. Southcott","doi":"10.14430/arctic75673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic75673","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present the results from a systematic literature review of subsistence research that was conducted in northern Canada between 1950 and 2019. Our analysis identified trends in subsistence research, including the breadth of research topics, influential scholars and scholarship, and the emergence of research networks. Our results identified 245 publications authored by a multidisciplinary network of 365 scholars. Research conducted through ArcticNet and the International Polar Year is responsible for 75% (n = 183 of 245) of all subsistence-related publications during this period. Subsistence publications cover a wide range of topics, including climate change, nutrition, and wildlife management, but Indigenous food culture and the roles of women in subsistence have received comparatively less scholarly attention. Given the profound changes occurring in northern Canada, whether a result of anthropogenic or non-anthropogenic disturbances, greater attention to the cultural and gendered dimensions of subsistence will be particularly valuable to northern scholarship and the public policies it can inform. This attention will be increasingly necessary in a time when critical thinking about the future of subsistence in northern Canada is of critical need.","PeriodicalId":55464,"journal":{"name":"Arctic","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49202683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Terrain Features and Architecture of Wolverine (Gulo gulo) Resting Burrows and Reproductive Dens on Arctic Tundra 北极苔原狼獾栖息穴和繁殖密度的地形特征和结构

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Arctic Pub Date : 2022-09-11 DOI: 10.14430/arctic75576

Thomas W. Glass, G. Breed, Cristina R. Laird, Audrey J. Magoun, Martin D. Robards, C. Williams, K. Kielland

{"title":"Terrain Features and Architecture of Wolverine (Gulo gulo) Resting Burrows and Reproductive Dens on Arctic Tundra","authors":"Thomas W. Glass, G. Breed, Cristina R. Laird, Audrey J. Magoun, Martin D. Robards, C. Williams, K. Kielland","doi":"10.14430/arctic75576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic75576","url":null,"abstract":"Burrowing species rely on subterranean and subnivean sites to fulfill important life-history and behavioral processes, including predator avoidance, thermoregulation, resting, and reproduction. For these species, burrow architecture can affect the quality and success of such processes, since characteristics like tunnel width and chamber depth influence access by predators, thermal insulation, and energy spent digging. Wolverines (Gulo gulo) living in Arctic tundra environments dig burrows in snow during winter for resting sites and reproductive dens, but there are few published descriptions of such burrows. We visited 114 resting burrows and describe associated architectural characteristics and non-snow structure. Additionally, we describe characteristics of 15 reproductive den sites that we visited during winter and summer. Although many resting burrows were solely excavated in snow, most incorporated terrain structures including cliffs, talus, river shelf ice, thermokarst caves, and stream cutbanks. Burrows typically consisted of a single tunnel leading to a single chamber, though some burrows had multiple entrances, branching tunnels, or both. Tunnels in resting burrows were shorter than those in reproductive dens, and resting chambers were typically located at the deepest part of the burrow. Reproductive dens were associated with snowdrift-forming terrain features such as streambeds, cutbanks on lake edges, thermokarst caves, and boulders. Understanding such characteristics of Arctic wolverine resting and reproductive structures is critical for assessing anthropogenic impacts as snowpack undergoes climate-driven shifts.","PeriodicalId":55464,"journal":{"name":"Arctic","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42528741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Local Experts’ Observations, Interpretations, and Responses to Human-Polar Bear Interactions in Churchill, Manitoba 当地专家对曼尼托巴省丘吉尔市人类与北极熊互动的观察、解释和回应

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Arctic Pub Date : 2022-06-11 DOI: 10.14430/arctic75323

Aimee L. Schmidt, P. Loring, D. Clark

{"title":"Local Experts’ Observations, Interpretations, and Responses to Human-Polar Bear Interactions in Churchill, Manitoba","authors":"Aimee L. Schmidt, P. Loring, D. Clark","doi":"10.14430/arctic75323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic75323","url":null,"abstract":"Since interactions and conflicts between polar bears (Ursus maritimus) and people are reportedly increasing across the Arctic, there is a pressing need to better understand how such conflicts can be prevented or their outcomes ameliorated. A great deal of knowledge about what strategies work for both preventing and mitigating human-polar bear conflicts lies with local experts, yet this knowledge has often remained relatively inaccessible to contemporary wildlife managers. This study had three main aims: to document and synthesize local knowledge of polar bear behaviour in Churchill, Manitoba, to characterize perceptions and interpretations of polar bears, and to examine the linkage between local experts’ knowledge, perceptions, and actions. We identified a suite of bear behaviours that local experts consistently observe and interpret as cues to the bears’ intent. These behaviours are not unique to this locale. Nevertheless, differences in perspectives on the predictability of polar bear behaviour and in interpretations of the nature of bears significantly influence study participants’ strategies for responding to bears. Our findings demonstrate that human-related factors are more complex than current models of human-bear interactions account for, so there is a need to develop richer models for understanding what motivates and influences human behaviours and responses towards bears.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":55464,"journal":{"name":"Arctic","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48836339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Population Characteristics, Morphometry, and Growth of Harvested Gray Wolves and Coyotes in Alaska 阿拉斯加灰狼和土狼的种群特征、形态和生长

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Arctic Pub Date : 2022-06-11 DOI: 10.14430/arctic75123

Carl D. Mitchell, Roy Chaney, Ken A. Aho, R. Bowyer

{"title":"Population Characteristics, Morphometry, and Growth of Harvested Gray Wolves and Coyotes in Alaska","authors":"Carl D. Mitchell, Roy Chaney, Ken A. Aho, R. Bowyer","doi":"10.14430/arctic75123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic75123","url":null,"abstract":"Few concurrent studies exist of sympatric gray wolf (Canis lupus) and coyote (C. latrans) harvest at far northern latitudes. Moreover, no studies explicitly examine effects of concurrent harvest on phenotypes of wolves and coyotes. We documented changes in sex and age characteristics and morphology of gray wolves and coyotes harvested by hunters near Ptarmigan Lake, east-central Alaska, USA, between 1998 and 2001. We hypothesized that the harvest would result in larger, heavier canids, reduce densities, and increase young to adult ratios in both wolves and coyotes. We generated von Bertalanffy growth curves indicating that wolves and coyotes of both sexes increased in length or weight until 2 or 3 years old. No significant changes in either mean length or weight or length to weight ratios occurred during the 3-year study, except that coyote mean length was longer over the last winter of study. Catch-per-unit effort (CPUE) for wolves ranged from 0.061 to 0.112 killed/day and for coyotes from 0.552 to 0.11 killed/day over the study. CPUE indicated that coyotes but not wolves declined in abundance. Changes in male to female and young to adult ratios did not differ significantly for either canid. We posit that coyote populations were disproportionately affected by the conflation of the severe Arctic environment and sustained harvest. Our findings will be beneficial for managing sympatric canid populations and for understanding demographic responses to density-dependent processes in wolves and coyotes, especially at far northern latitudes.","PeriodicalId":55464,"journal":{"name":"Arctic","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45857643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

John Joseph Kelley (1933-2022) 约翰·约瑟夫·凯利(1933-2022)

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Arctic Pub Date : 2022-06-11 DOI: 10.14430/arctic75385

D. Norton, J. Brown, V. Alexander, P. Coyne, J. C. George, Thomas F. Albert, Richard Savik Glenn, Gerald A. Mcbeath, M. Castellini

引用次数: 0

Mount Logan & the Icefields: Yukon Flying Adventures, by Andrew Williams 洛根山和冰原:育空地区飞行冒险，安德鲁·威廉姆斯

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Arctic Pub Date : 2022-06-11 DOI: 10.14430/arctic75501

G. Clarke

引用次数: 0

Modelling Tundra Ponds as Initiators of Peat Plateau Thaw, Northern Hudson Bay Lowland, Manitoba 将苔原池塘建模为马尼托巴省哈德逊湾北部低地泥炭高原解冻的始作俑者

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Arctic Pub Date : 2022-05-02 DOI: 10.14430/arctic75150

L. Dyke, W. Sladen

引用次数: 0

Genetic Analysis of Birnirk Inuit from the Alaskan North Slope 阿拉斯加北坡Birnirk因纽特人的遗传分析

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Arctic Pub Date : 2022-03-16 DOI: 10.14430/arctic74916

Sarah L. Unkel, L. Norman, Justin C. Tackney, Anthony M. Krus, A. Jensen, C. Alix, O. Mason, D. O’Rourke

引用次数: 1

On the Intermittent Formation of an Ice Bridge (Nunniq) across Roes Welcome Sound, Northwestern Hudson Bay, and Its Use to Local Inuit Hunters 横跨哈德逊湾西北部罗伊斯欢迎湾的冰桥(Nunniq)的间歇形成及其对当地因纽特猎人的使用

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Arctic Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.14430/arctic74957

D. Babb, S. Kirillov, Z. Kuzyk, Troy Netser, Jasmine Liesch, C. M. Kamula, Tom Zagon, D. Barber, J. Ehn

{"title":"On the Intermittent Formation of an Ice Bridge (Nunniq) across Roes Welcome Sound, Northwestern Hudson Bay, and Its Use to Local Inuit Hunters","authors":"D. Babb, S. Kirillov, Z. Kuzyk, Troy Netser, Jasmine Liesch, C. M. Kamula, Tom Zagon, D. Barber, J. Ehn","doi":"10.14430/arctic74957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic74957","url":null,"abstract":"Ice bridges are unique features that form when sea ice consolidates and remains immobilized within channels. They form in many locations throughout the Arctic and are typically noted for the polynyas that form on their lee side. However, ice bridges also provide a temporary platform that may be used by both humans and wildlife to cross otherwise impassable channels. For generations, Inuit in Coral Harbour, Nunavut, have used an ice bridge to cross Roes Welcome Sound and expand their hunting territory, though they report that the bridge only forms approximately every four years. Of interest both to Inuit and the scientific community is why the bridge forms so intermittently, by what mechanisms, and whether the frequency will change with ongoing warming and sea ice loss. Using satellite imagery, we determined that the bridge formed during 14 of the past 50 years (1971 – 2020). Generally, the bridge forms between January and March, during a cold period that coincides with neap tide, and after surface winds have rotated from the prevailing northerly (along-channel) winds to west-northwesterly (across-channel) winds. This rotation compresses the existing ice pack against Southampton Island, where it remains stationary because of the calm along-channel winds and low tidal range, and coalesces under cold air temperatures. Breakup occurs between mid-June and early July after the onset of melt. Overall, the bridge forms when a specific set of conditions occur simultaneously; however, a warming climate, specifically a reduction in very cold days, and shorter ice season may affect the frequency of bridge formation, thereby limiting Inuit travel.","PeriodicalId":55464,"journal":{"name":"Arctic","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41606371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The State of Knowledge about Grizzly Bears (Kakenokuskwe osow Muskwa (Cree), Ursus arctos) in Northern Manitoba 曼尼托巴省北部灰熊（Kakenokuskwe osow Muskwa（克里语），Ursus arctos）的知识状况

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Arctic Pub Date : 2022-03-14 DOI: 10.14430/arctic74922

D. Clark, Andrew F. Barnas, R. Brook, Susan N. Ellis‐Felege, L. Fishback, J. Higdon, K. Manning, Danielle Rivet, J. Roth, Vicki Trim, Matthew Webb, R. Rockwell

{"title":"The State of Knowledge about Grizzly Bears (Kakenokuskwe osow Muskwa (Cree), Ursus arctos) in Northern Manitoba","authors":"D. Clark, Andrew F. Barnas, R. Brook, Susan N. Ellis‐Felege, L. Fishback, J. Higdon, K. Manning, Danielle Rivet, J. Roth, Vicki Trim, Matthew Webb, R. Rockwell","doi":"10.14430/arctic74922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic74922","url":null,"abstract":"Grizzly bears have been observed with increasing frequency in northern Manitoba, Canada over the last four decades (1980 – 2020), likely originating from the established population in Nunavut and the Northwest Territories. We summarize and present an interdisciplinary synthesis of documented observations of grizzly bears in northern Manitoba from historical records from the Hudson’s Bay Company Archives, published literature, direct observations, remote camera observations, government agency reports, the first author’s field notes, volunteered observations, and media and social media reports. A total of 160 observations were recorded, 140 of them since 1980. Spatially, these observations all fall within the Southern Arctic, Hudson Plains, and Taiga Shield ecozones within Manitoba and span from the northern limit of Manitoba at the Nunavut border to the south shore of the Nelson River. Grizzly bears were historically present in northern Manitoba prior to 1980, though in very low numbers, but the frequency of observations has increased significantly since then. Most observations (86%) were less than 1 km from the Hudson Bay coast. Grizzly bears appear to select for open habitats and against forested ones. Reported observations, however, have been largely opportunistic, and the geographical distribution of observer efforts was uneven, so our data likely contain spatial and temporal biases. All confirmed observations were of single bears, suggesting that the present population is likely maintained by dispersal from the population to the north. Understanding grizzly bear ecology, distribution, and demographics north and west of Churchill will be critical for more accurately assessing the status and conservation needs of grizzly bears in the province.","PeriodicalId":55464,"journal":{"name":"Arctic","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46950503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

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