IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Arctic Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.14430/arctic76302

J. Olnes, L. Quakenbush, M. Nelson, Albert Simon, J. Burns, Ice Seal Committee

{"title":"Trends in Subsistence Harvests of Ice Seals in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta Region, Alaska, 1962 – 2018","authors":"J. Olnes, L. Quakenbush, M. Nelson, Albert Simon, J. Burns, Ice Seal Committee","doi":"10.14430/arctic76302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic76302","url":null,"abstract":"Ringed (Pusa hispida), bearded (Erignathus barbatus), spotted (Phoca largha), and ribbon seals (Histriophoca fasciata), or ice seals, are harvested for subsistence purposes by many Alaska Native communities. We address trends in the subsistence harvest of ice seals for the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta region of Alaska for more than 50 years using two types of data collected by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game: (1) bounty data collected from 1962 to 1972 for 16 communities, and (2) household survey data collected for seven of these communities from 1997 to 2018. Both include information on the number of ice seals harvested by each community annually. In addition, more detailed household surveys were conducted from 2008 to 2018 for Hooper Bay, Tununak, and Quinhagak, which collected data on the number of seals harvested by species, the percentage of households engaged in hunting or using seal products, and hunter perceptions. For the bounty period, we identified several years where most communities had above or below average harvests, suggesting regional drivers contributed to patterns in the ice seal harvest. For the seven communities with household survey data, the mean total harvest estimate during the household survey years was only slightly lower than during the bounty period, however, the human population doubled during this time, resulting in a substantial decline in the mean number of seals harvested per person. The more detailed surveys for Hooper Bay, Tununak, and Quinhagak also showed declines in seal harvests during the most recent decade. The declining harvest in some communities may be driven by reduced participation in hunting and less use of seal products. Ongoing sea ice loss is also likely contributing to the decline in harvest across the region. Current seal population estimates indicate all four species are abundant in Alaskan waters, and most hunters have not observed changes in seal abundance.","PeriodicalId":55464,"journal":{"name":"Arctic","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42376115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ladoga Ringed Seal (Pusa hispida ladogensis) Can Breed on Land: A Case Study of the Nursing Period 拉多加环斑海豹(Pusa hispida ladogensis)可以在陆地上繁殖:以哺乳期为例

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Arctic Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.14430/arctic76337

A. Loseva, O. Chirkova, Evgeniy Akhatov

{"title":"Ladoga Ringed Seal (Pusa hispida ladogensis) Can Breed on Land: A Case Study of the Nursing Period","authors":"A. Loseva, O. Chirkova, Evgeniy Akhatov","doi":"10.14430/arctic76337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic76337","url":null,"abstract":"The ringed seal gives birth and nurses offspring in a subnivean lair in fast ice. Its breeding habitat is transforming under the impact of climate change. Here we report the outcome of an observation of a female freshwater Ladoga ringed seal (Pusa hispida ladogensis) and her pup during the 2020 breeding season, when less than 1% of Lake Ladoga was covered with ice. We located a newborn pup in a coastal zone of an island and tracked its survival on land using the camera trap method during daylight. Altogether, we captured 2978 photos, in which the seals were present in 637. The female nursed the pup at the birth site for 34 – 37 days, which is similar to the lactation period in lairs of the Arctic subspecies (36 – 41 days, 39 days on average). The female either stayed with the pup or spent time in prolonged aquatic bouts during the day. Percentage of suckling was in the range of 2.4% – 4.7% (mean 3.3%, SD = 1.1) on different days. Based on an additional video recording, we found that the pup’s behaviour was characterized by a high level of vigilance in comparison with openly breeding phocid seals. This case study indicates that the ringed seal in Lake Ladoga is able to nurse pups on land from soon after birth to pre-weaning. However, breeding success in warm springs can be constrained by predator pressure.","PeriodicalId":55464,"journal":{"name":"Arctic","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42442068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vocal Behaviour of Killer Whales in the Eastern Canadian Arctic and the Role of Calls in Predator-prey Interactions 加拿大东部北极虎鲸的声音行为和叫声在捕食者-猎物相互作用中的作用

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Arctic Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.14430/arctic76638

Mikala V. Epp

引用次数: 0

An Ongoing Shift in Mammalian Nest Predators of Yellow-billed Loons in Arctic Alaska 阿拉斯加北极黄嘴潜鸟的哺乳动物巢穴捕食者正在发生变化

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Arctic Pub Date : 2022-10-26 DOI: 10.14430/arctic76166

Julie P. Parrett, A. K. Prichard, Charles B. Johnson, B. Lawhead

{"title":"An Ongoing Shift in Mammalian Nest Predators of Yellow-billed Loons in Arctic Alaska","authors":"Julie P. Parrett, A. K. Prichard, Charles B. Johnson, B. Lawhead","doi":"10.14430/arctic76166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic76166","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000 The Coastal Plain of northern Alaska is an important nesting area for a variety of avian species, where the productivity of ground-nesting species can be strongly influenced by nest predators. Recently, the density of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) has increased in many areas of the Arctic, likely because of climate warming as well as the availability of anthropogenic food sources during winter. In areas where they occur sympatrically, red foxes can outcompete and kill the smaller Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus). There is considerable dietary overlap between the fox species, but if the red fox is a more successful nest predator, this ongoing shift in canid species could have important implications for ground-nesting species like the Yellow-billed Loon (Gavia adamsii). We examined time-lapse photographs from 186 nests of Yellow-billed Loons in northern Alaska during the years 2008 – 15 and 2019 for the presence of foxes and other nest predators and quantified nest predation by species. Although both Arctic and red foxes were photographed near nests, we found that all successful predation of Yellow-billed Loon nests by foxes was attributable to red foxes, which were the second most frequent predator of Yellow-billed Loon nests after Glaucous Gulls (Larus hyperboreus). Arctic foxes photographed at Yellow-billed Loon nests were unsuccessful at displacing incubating loons. Several data sources suggest that the prevalence of red foxes has increased in Arctic Alaska over the last three decades, a change that is likely to have negative impacts on the nesting success of Yellow-billed Loons and possibly other large waterbirds. ","PeriodicalId":55464,"journal":{"name":"Arctic","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47075905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing Ice Island Drift Patterns, Ice Island Grounding Locations, and Gridded Bathymetry Products between Nares Strait and the North Atlantic 评估纳雷斯海峡和北大西洋之间的冰岛漂移模式、冰岛接地位置和网格测深产物

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Arctic Pub Date : 2022-10-19 DOI: 10.14430/arctic76227

A. Crawford, D. Mueller

{"title":"Assessing Ice Island Drift Patterns, Ice Island Grounding Locations, and Gridded Bathymetry Products between Nares Strait and the North Atlantic","authors":"A. Crawford, D. Mueller","doi":"10.14430/arctic76227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic76227","url":null,"abstract":"Large, tabular icebergs known as “ice islands” frequently transit the eastern Canadian Arctic and sub-Arctic after breaking away from ice tongues in northern Greenland. Here, we mine the Canadian Ice Island Drift, Deterioration and Detection (CI2D3) Database to contribute a descriptive assessment of the drift and grounding locations of Petermann ice islands (PII) following calving events at the Petermann Glacier in 2008, 2010, and 2012. We also use the CI2D3 Database to demonstrate how gridded bathymetry products can be improved using observations of ice island grounding and knowledge of ice island thickness. We find that most PII fragments followed a common southbound drift route directed by outflow from the Arctic Ocean and the dominant Baffin and Labrador Currents, which are strongest along the steep continental shelf break. Smaller ice islands were more prone to drift into the deeper waters of central Baffin Bay. As previously noted by northern community members, ice islands were also observed to drift into many adjacent sounds, channels, inlets, and straits. PIIs often grounded on shoals in Kane Basin, to the east of Coburg Island, and along the southeast coast of Baffin Island. Potential inaccuracies in two gridded bathymetry products were located in Jones Sound, near Coburg Island, and along the east coast of Baffin Island. Our approach to identifying these potential inaccuracies is shown to be sensitive to the estimate of ice island keel depth. Overall, this work provides synthesized observations of ice island occurrence and grounding as well as an approach to improving bathymetry products in a resource-rich marine region where traffic and industry operations are increasing. ","PeriodicalId":55464,"journal":{"name":"Arctic","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42446040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Forgotten Coast: A Synthesis of Current Knowledge of Southern Chukchi Sea Lagoon Ecosystems 被遗忘的海岸:楚科奇海南部泻湖生态系统当前知识的综合

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Arctic Pub Date : 2022-09-11 DOI: 10.14430/arctic75608

Kevin M. Fraley, Tahzay Jones, Martin D. Robards, Beatrice Smith, Marguerite Tibbles, A. Whiting

{"title":"The Forgotten Coast: A Synthesis of Current Knowledge of Southern Chukchi Sea Lagoon Ecosystems","authors":"Kevin M. Fraley, Tahzay Jones, Martin D. Robards, Beatrice Smith, Marguerite Tibbles, A. Whiting","doi":"10.14430/arctic75608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic75608","url":null,"abstract":"In the Southern Chukchi Sea Region (SCSR) of the Alaskan Arctic, approximately 40% of the coastline consists of freshwater-brackish lagoons and the gravel spits that separate them from the ocean. These lagoons are important rearing, feeding, and spawning habitats for diverse fish and invertebrate assemblages composed of freshwater, diadromous, and marine taxa. Many of these species are prey for a suite of marine mammals and avian predators in addition to being important to the food security of subsistence users from the surrounding region. Despite recognition of the ecological and cultural importance of these habitats from as far back as the 1950s, the body of knowledge surrounding lagoons of the SCSR contains many knowledge gaps and fails to comprehensively capture the dynamic nature of both biotic and abiotic factors that define the functional ecology of these habitats. This report synthesizes the available knowledge of SCSR lagoons, including geomorphology, hydrology, food web structure, and local knowledge. We also recommend avenues of future study, such as characterizing the basal trophic levels of lagoon food webs. Only by constructing a more detailed and comprehensive knowledge base of SCSR lagoon ecology will management and conservation efforts in the region be able to address and mitigate potential threats resulting from expanding infrastructure and global climate change, while simultaneously supporting the diverse portfolio of lagoon habitats that have a vital role in regional subsistence practices and food security. ","PeriodicalId":55464,"journal":{"name":"Arctic","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48898677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Behaviors of High Arctic Wolves in Response to Humans 高北极狼对人类的反应

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Arctic Pub Date : 2022-09-11 DOI: 10.14430/arctic75966

Ulf Marquard-Petersen

{"title":"Behaviors of High Arctic Wolves in Response to Humans","authors":"Ulf Marquard-Petersen","doi":"10.14430/arctic75966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic75966","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports results of the first range-wide study of the behaviors of free-living wolves in the High Arctic in response to human presence and discusses these behaviors from a conservation perspective. The study focused on wolves believed to have had little, if any, contact with humans and excluded data from areas where wolves have become habituated to people. Data consisted of incidental sightings of wolves on the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and in Greenland from 1819 to 2019. A total of 325 behavioral observations were identified: 163 from Greenland and 162 from Canada. The most commonly reported behaviors (71.4%) involved wolves seeking out humans: coming to campsites, following traveling dog teams, closely approaching a person, and following people. These behaviors are not typical of canids in lower latitudes and have the potential to create conflicts with people who might feel threatened owing to the centuries-old belief that wolves are dangerous. Some Arctic wolves have been shot in perceived self-defense, when in all likelihood the animals were only curious. In addition, aggression directed towards domestic dogs was the most common form of wolf-dog interaction and produced another source of conflict. The findings are important from a conservation perspective because of the small wolf population and the fact that vanishing sea ice is increasing human access to the Arctic wolf range. Appropriate and humanely used hazing techniques and outreach to stakeholders on what constitutes normal Arctic wolf behavior can mitigate the risk of conflict and contribute to the conservation of Arctic wolves on the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and in Greenland, while minimizing the risk that the natural behavior of this subspecies is altered by increased human activity.","PeriodicalId":55464,"journal":{"name":"Arctic","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44412012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Our Whole Gwich'in Way of Life has Changed: Stories from the People of the Land, by Leslie McCartney and Gwich'in Tribal Council 《我们整个哥维奇人的生活方式已经改变:来自这片土地上的人们的故事》，作者:莱斯利·麦卡特尼和哥维奇部落委员会

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Arctic Pub Date : 2022-09-11 DOI: 10.14430/arctic76055

Rebecca Gray

引用次数: 0

Navigating a Research Topic that is Close to Home 导航一个研究主题，是接近家

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Arctic Pub Date : 2022-09-11 DOI: 10.14430/arctic76058

D. Burke

引用次数: 0

Historical Reindeer Corrals as Portraits of Human-Nature Relationships in Northern Finland 历史上的驯鹿栏是芬兰北部人与自然关系的写照

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Arctic Pub Date : 2022-09-11 DOI: 10.14430/arctic75612

S. Stark, O. Manninen, Oona Ilmolahti, M. Lähteenmäki

{"title":"Historical Reindeer Corrals as Portraits of Human-Nature Relationships in Northern Finland","authors":"S. Stark, O. Manninen, Oona Ilmolahti, M. Lähteenmäki","doi":"10.14430/arctic75612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic75612","url":null,"abstract":"Reindeer herding has been practised in northern boreal and subarctic regions of Fennoscandia for several centuries. The gathering and separation of reindeer for slaughter and calf marking are significant and cyclical activities of reindeer herding that are commonly carried out in reindeer corrals composed of circular-shaped fences of wood or stone construction leading into the corral. Using archaeological databases, we mapped historical reindeer corrals in northern Finland dating from the late 1800s to the 1960s for the entire reindeer herding area and characterized the legacies of their past use on present-day vegetation in Peräpohjola. In total, 94 corrals were located. Reindeer separations created a niche for novel plant communities with increasing graminoids in relation to dwarf shrubs and formation of a dense birch grove. Corrals have also preserved old rare trees left standing inside the corral to provide shelter for reindeer. The positioning of the corrals in the landscape was usually planned in a way that utilized man-made constructions and natural barriers, such as peatlands, and the typical behaviour of the reindeer in combination with both. When the wooden constructions had collapsed and decomposed, only the different vegetation indicates their past existence. ","PeriodicalId":55464,"journal":{"name":"Arctic","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41689231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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