IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Arctic Pub Date : 2020-12-27 DOI: 10.14430/arctic71674

J. Czerniawska, J. Chlachula

{"title":"Climate-Change Induced Permafrost Degradation in Yakutia, East Siberia","authors":"J. Czerniawska, J. Chlachula","doi":"10.14430/arctic71674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic71674","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000Current climate change in the northern regions is a well-recognized phenomenon. In central Yakutia (the Sakha Republic), the long-term trend displays a consistent mean annual air temperature (MAAT) increase from −9.6˚C (1980) to −6.7˚C (2019), corresponding to an average 0.07˚C annual rise, with pronounced temperature anomalies in the last decade. The analyzed meteorological records of the past 40 years indicate a progressing climate change pattern of increased MAAT and mean annual precipitation (MAP) that occurs in 5 – 7 yr cycles. The complex interactions of regional climatic variations with local geological and environmental conditions influence the frozen ground’s thermal balance, which, in turn, impacts thermokarst development. Co-acting factors of temperature rise and higher precipitation rates activate thermokarst lake dynamics and lake expansion following snow- and rainfall-rich preceding years. April experiences the greatest warming trend with a present (2020) 5˚C rise from 1980 with shortening of the winter season. Climate warming together with natural forest fires and anthropogenic activities (pastoral practices and logging) contribute to the taiga landscape opening due to reduced albedo and the greater exposure to solar radiation. The regional hydrologic network undergoes restructuring caused by drained meltwater released from the degraded cryolithozone with peaks of the fluvial discharge in late spring and early summer generating bank erosion. The negative effects of the progressing ground thaw, which are particularly observed in lowland locations, pose risks to local settlements and generate major environmental and engineering problems in the formerly permafrost-stable central and northern areas of Siberia.","PeriodicalId":55464,"journal":{"name":"Arctic","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44043662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Effects of Fish Populations on Pacific Loon (Gavia pacifica) and Yellow-billed Loon (G. adamsii) Lake Occupancy and Chick Production in Northern Alaska 鱼类种群对阿拉斯加北部太平洋潜鸟(Gavia pacifica)和黄嘴潜鸟(G. adamsii)湖泊占用和雏鸟产量的影响

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Arctic Pub Date : 2020-12-27 DOI: 10.14430/arctic71533

B. Uher-Koch, Kenneth G. Wright, Hannah R. Uher-Koch, J. Schmutz

{"title":"Effects of Fish Populations on Pacific Loon (Gavia pacifica) and Yellow-billed Loon (G. adamsii) Lake Occupancy and Chick Production in Northern Alaska","authors":"B. Uher-Koch, Kenneth G. Wright, Hannah R. Uher-Koch, J. Schmutz","doi":"10.14430/arctic71533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic71533","url":null,"abstract":"Predator populations are vulnerable to changes in prey distribution or availability. With warming temperatures, lake ecosystems in the Arctic are predicted to change in terms of hydrologic flow, water levels, and connectivity with other lakes. We surveyed lakes in northern Alaska to understand how shifts in the distribution or availability of fish may affect the occupancy and breeding success of Pacific (Gavia pacifica) and Yellow-billed Loons (G. adamsii). We then modeled the influence of the presence and abundance of five fish species and the physical characteristics of lakes (e.g., hydrologic connectivity) on loon lake occupancy and chick production. The presence of Alaska blackfish (Dallia pectoralis) had a positive influence on Pacific Loon occupancy and chick production, which suggests that small-bodied fish species provide important prey for loon chicks. No characteristics of fish species abundance affected Yellow-billed Loon lake occupancy. Instead, Yellowbilled Loon occupancy was influenced by the physical characteristics of lakes that contribute to persistent fish populations, such as the size of the lake and the proportion of the lake that remained unfrozen over winter. Neither of these variables, however, influenced chick production. The probability of an unoccupied territory becoming occupied in a subsequent year by Yellow-billed Loons was low, and no loon chicks were successfully raised in territories that were previously unoccupied. In contrast, unoccupied territories had a much higher probability of becoming occupied by Pacific Loons, which suggests that Yellow-billed Loons have strict habitat requirements and suitable breeding lakes may be limited. Territories that were occupied had high probabilities of remaining occupied for both loon species.","PeriodicalId":55464,"journal":{"name":"Arctic","volume":"73 1","pages":"405-550"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41944166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Interior Photograph Experiment of The House Tour Hotel Bandung 万隆House Tour酒店室内摄影实验

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Arctic Pub Date : 2020-12-15 DOI: 10.34010/ARTIC.V3I2.3696

Sandy Dwi Putra, K. Kasmana

引用次数: 0

Do North American Migratory Barren-Ground Caribou Subpopulations Cycle? 北美迁徙荒地驯鹿亚群是否有循环?

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Arctic Pub Date : 2020-09-29 DOI: 10.14430/ARCTIC71029

Eric Bongelli, Martha Dowsley, V. Velasco-Herrera, M. Taylor

{"title":"Do North American Migratory Barren-Ground Caribou Subpopulations Cycle?","authors":"Eric Bongelli, Martha Dowsley, V. Velasco-Herrera, M. Taylor","doi":"10.14430/ARCTIC71029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14430/ARCTIC71029","url":null,"abstract":"Unlike all other members of the deer family, subpopulations of barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) are typically sine-cyclic. We used Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC) to rank competing population dynamics models for 11 North American barren-ground caribou subpopulations. Nine of these subpopulations were best described as sine-cyclic with periods ranging from a minimum of 26 years (Bluenose-East and Porcupine) to a maximum of 55 years (Western Arctic); and amplitudes ranging from a minimum of 8 455 (Cape Bathurst) to a maximum of 327 432 (George River). Time series estimates of subpopulation abundance generated by the sine cycle models showed good correspondence to published subpopulation estimates of abundance for all nine sine-cyclic subpopulations (r = 0.978; p < 0.001). Lack of demographic closure (migration between subpopulations) was evident in both of the subpopulations that were not identified as sine-cyclic. Barren-ground caribou subpopulation amplitudes were mostly determined by subpopulation total range size and summer range productivity (R2 = 0.962; p < 0.001) and subpopulation periods were mostly determined by amplitude, total range productivity, and land surface temperature (R2 = 0.950; p < 0.001). Time series estimates of subpopulation abundance generated from the respective environmental regression models were highly correlated (r = 0.964; p < 0.001) to the published subpopulation estimates of abundance for the set of 9 sine-cyclic subpopulations. Extended (> 3 generations) subpopulation declines are a natural feature of cyclic barren-ground caribou subpopulations. Trends in species abundance based on pooled assemblages of asynchronous cyclic subpopulations should be interpreted with caution.","PeriodicalId":55464,"journal":{"name":"Arctic","volume":"73 1","pages":"326-346"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45172836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Unpacking Community Participation in Research: A Systematic Literature Review of Community-based and Participatory Research in Alaska 开放社区参与研究：阿拉斯加社区参与研究的系统文献综述

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Arctic Pub Date : 2020-09-28 DOI: 10.14430/ARCTIC71080

A. Mosurska, J. Ford

{"title":"Unpacking Community Participation in Research: A Systematic Literature Review of Community-based and Participatory Research in Alaska","authors":"A. Mosurska, J. Ford","doi":"10.14430/ARCTIC71080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14430/ARCTIC71080","url":null,"abstract":"Although concepts of “community” and “participation” have been heavily critiqued in the social sciences, they remain uncritically applied across disciplines, leading to problems that undermine both research and practice. Nevertheless, these approaches are advocated for, especially in Indigenous contexts. To assess the use of these concepts, we conducted a systematic literature review of community-based and participatory research in Alaska, USA, where social change has been rapid, having ramifications for social organization, and where participatory and community-based approaches are heavily advocated for by Alaska Native organizations. Conceptualizations of community and participation were extracted and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The majority of articles showed a lack of critical consideration around both terms, although this was especially the case in reporting around community. While this lack of critical consideration could lead to issues of local elite co-opting research, an alternative interpretation is that Western sociological literature surrounding community is not transferable to Indigenous contexts.","PeriodicalId":55464,"journal":{"name":"Arctic","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45883432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Underwater Ambient Noise in Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen, during the Summers of 2015 and 2016 2015年和2016年夏季，斯匹次卑尔根Kongsfjorden的水下环境噪声

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Arctic Pub Date : 2020-09-28 DOI: 10.14430/ARCTIC70499

M. Ashokan, G. Latha, A. Thirunavukkarasu

引用次数: 1

Strengthening Sustainable Northern Food Systems: Federal Policy Constraints and Potential Opportunities 加强可持续的北方粮食系统：联邦政策制约因素和潜在机遇

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Arctic Pub Date : 2020-09-28 DOI: 10.14430/ARCTIC70869

Amanda D. Wilson, Charles Z. Levkoe, Peter Andrée, K. Skinner, Andrew Spring, S. Wesche, T. Galloway

引用次数: 8

Use of the Alaskan Beaufort Sea by Bowhead Whales (Balaena mysticetus) Tagged with Satellite Transmitters, 2006 – 18 用卫星发射器标记的弓头鲸（Balaena mystetus）对阿拉斯加波弗特海的使用，2006–18

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Arctic Pub Date : 2020-09-28 DOI: 10.14430/ARCTIC70865

J. Olnes, J. Citta, L. Quakenbush, J. George, L. Harwood, E. V. Lea, M. Heide‐Jørgensen

{"title":"Use of the Alaskan Beaufort Sea by Bowhead Whales (Balaena mysticetus) Tagged with Satellite Transmitters, 2006 – 18","authors":"J. Olnes, J. Citta, L. Quakenbush, J. George, L. Harwood, E. V. Lea, M. Heide‐Jørgensen","doi":"10.14430/ARCTIC70865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14430/ARCTIC70865","url":null,"abstract":"We used satellite telemetry to examine bowhead whale movement behavior, residence times, and dive behavior in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea, 2006 – 18. We explored the timing and duration of use of three subregions (western, central, eastern) within the Alaskan Beaufort Sea and applied a two-state switching state-space model to infer bowhead whale behavior state as either transiting or lingering. Transiting whales made direct movements whereas lingering whales changed direction frequently and were presumably feeding. In spring, whales migrated across the Alaskan Beaufort Sea in 7.17 ± 0.41 days, primarily off the continental shelf over deep water. During the autumn migration, whales spent over twice as much time crossing the Alaskan Beaufort Sea than in spring, averaging 18.66 ± 2.30 days, spending 10.05 ± 1.22 days in the western subregion near Point Barrow. Most whales remained on the shelf during the autumn migration and frequently dove to the seafloor, where they spent 45% of their time regardless of behavioral state. Consistent dive behavior in autumn suggests that the whales were looking for food while migrating, and the identification of lingering locations likely reflects feeding. The lack of lingering locations in the eastern and central subregions suggests that prey densities are rarely sufficient to warrant whales pausing their migration for multiple days, unlike in the western subregion near Point Barrow, where bowhead whales regularly lingered for long periods of time.","PeriodicalId":55464,"journal":{"name":"Arctic","volume":"73 1","pages":"278-291"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42398251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

WILLIAM B. KEMP (1936 – 2020) 威廉·B·坎普（1936–2020）

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Arctic Pub Date : 2020-09-28 DOI: 10.14430/ARCTIC71232

H. Brody, G. Wenzel

引用次数: 0

Hunters on the Track: William Penny and the Search for Franklin, by W. Gillies Ross 《追踪中的猎人：威廉·佩妮与寻找富兰克林》，作者：W·吉利斯·罗斯

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Arctic Pub Date : 2020-09-28 DOI: 10.14430/ARCTIC71228

A. Freebairn

引用次数: 0

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