Astroparticle Physics最新文献

{"title":"NEC violation in f(R̄,T̄) gravity in the context of a non-canonical theory via modified Raychaudhuri equation","authors":"Arijit Panda , Debashis Gangopadhyay , Goutam Manna","doi":"10.1016/j.astropartphys.2024.103059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.astropartphys.2024.103059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we develop the Raychaudhuri equation in <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mover><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>̄</mo></mrow></mover><mo>,</mo><mover><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>̄</mo></mrow></mover><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> gravity in the setting of a non-canonical theory, namely K-essence theory. We solve the modified Raychaudhuri equation for the additive form of <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mover><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>̄</mo></mrow></mover><mo>,</mo><mover><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>̄</mo></mrow></mover><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>, which is <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mover><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>̄</mo></mrow></mover><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>+</mo><msub><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mover><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>̄</mo></mrow></mover><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>. For this solution, we employ two different scale factors to give two types of <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mover><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>̄</mo></mrow></mover><mo>,</mo><mover><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>̄</mo></mrow></mover><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> solutions. The ongoing debate between Fisher et al. and Harko et al. in 2020 regarding the additive form of <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mover><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>̄</mo></mrow></mover><mo>,</mo><mover><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>̄</mo></mrow></mover><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> may provide a resolution within the modified <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mover><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>̄</mo></mrow></mover><mo>,</mo><mover><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>̄</mo></mrow></mover><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> gravity theory. By conducting a viability test and analyzing energy conditions, we have determined that in the first scenario, the null energy condition (NEC) is violated between two regions where the NEC is satisfied. Additionally, we have observed that this violation of the NEC exhibits a symmetric property during the phase transition. These observations indicate that bouncing events may occur as a result of the symmetrical violation of the NEC during the expansion of the universe. Moreover, this model indicates that resonant-type quantum tunneling may take place during the period when the NEC is violated. The findings of NEC violation through the power law of scale factor may have empirical relevance in contemporary observations. In the second scenario, our model indicates that the strong energy condition is violated, but the NEC and weak energy conditions are satisfied. The effective energy density decreases and is positive, while the effective pressure and equation of state parameters are negative. This suggests that the universe is expanding with acceleration and is dominated by dark energy.</div","PeriodicalId":55439,"journal":{"name":"Astroparticle Physics","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 103059"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSF calibration of DAMPE for gamma-ray observations","authors":"Kai-Kai Duan ,&nbsp;Zhao-Qiang Shen ,&nbsp;Zun-Lei Xu ,&nbsp;Wei Jiang ,&nbsp;Xiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.astropartphys.2024.103058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.astropartphys.2024.103058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) is dedicated to exploring critical scientific domains including the indirect detection of dark matter, cosmic ray physics, and gamma ray astronomy. This study introduces a novel method for calibrating the Point Spread Function (PSF) of DAMPE, specifically designed to enhance the accuracy of gamma-ray observations. By leveraging data from regions near pulsars and bright Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs), we have refined the PSF calibration process, resulting in an improved angular resolution that closely matches our observational data. This advancement significantly boosts the precision of gamma-ray detection by DAMPE, thereby contributing to its mission objectives in dark matter detection and gamma ray astronomy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55439,"journal":{"name":"Astroparticle Physics","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 103058"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New high-precision measurement system for electron–positron pairs from sub-GeV/GeV gamma-rays in the emulsion telescope","authors":"Yuya Nakamura ,&nbsp;Shigeki Aoki ,&nbsp;Tomohiro Hayakawa ,&nbsp;Atsushi Iyono ,&nbsp;Ayaka Karasuno ,&nbsp;Kohichi Kodama ,&nbsp;Ryosuke Komatani ,&nbsp;Masahiro Komatsu ,&nbsp;Masahiro Komiyama ,&nbsp;Kenji Kuretsubo ,&nbsp;Toshitsugu Marushima ,&nbsp;Syota Matsuda ,&nbsp;Kunihiro Morishima ,&nbsp;Misaki Morishita ,&nbsp;Naotaka Naganawa ,&nbsp;Mitsuhiro Nakamura ,&nbsp;Motoya Nakamura ,&nbsp;Takafumi Nakamura ,&nbsp;Noboru Nakano ,&nbsp;Toshiyuki Nakano ,&nbsp;Masahiro Yoshimoto","doi":"10.1016/j.astropartphys.2024.103055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.astropartphys.2024.103055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The GRAINE project observes cosmic gamma-rays, using a balloon-borne emulsion-film-based telescope in the sub-GeV/GeV energy band. We reported in our previous balloon experiment in 2018, GRAINE2018, the detection of the known brightest source, Vela pulsar, with the highest angular resolution ever reported in an energy range of <span><math><mo>&gt;</mo></math></span>80<!--> <!-->MeV. However, the emulsion scanning system used in the experiment was designed to achieve a high-speed scanning, and it was not accurate enough to ensure the optimum spatial resolution of the emulsion film and limited the performance. Here, we report a new high-precision scanning system that can be used to greatly improve the observation result of GRAINE2018 and also be employed in future experiments. The scanning system involves a new algorithm that recognizes each silver grain on an emulsion film and is capable of measuring tracks with a positional resolution for the passing points of tracks of almost the same as the intrinsic resolution of nuclear emulsion film (<span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>70 nm). This resolution is approximately one order of magnitude smaller than that obtained with the high-speed scanning system. With this scanning system, an angular resolution for gamma-rays of 0.1° at 1<!--> <!-->GeV is expected to be achieved. Furthermore, we successfully combine the new high-precision scanning system with the existing high-speed scanning system, enabling the high-speed and high-precision measurements. Employing these techniques, we reanalyze the gamma-ray events detected previously by only the high-speed scanning system in GRAINE2018 and obtain an about three times higher angular resolution (0.22°) in the 500–700<!--> <!-->MeV energy range. Adopting this technique in future observations may provide new insights into the gamma-ray emission from the Galactic center region and may realize polarization measurements of high-energy cosmic gamma-rays.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55439,"journal":{"name":"Astroparticle Physics","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 103055"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of charge on the stability of pulsar SAX J1748.9-2021 in modified symmetric teleparallel gravity","authors":"M. Sharif,&nbsp;Madiha Ajmal","doi":"10.1016/j.astropartphys.2024.103054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.astropartphys.2024.103054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we explore the effect of charge on the stability of pulsar star SAX J1748.9-2021 in <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>Q</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> gravity, where <span><math><mi>Q</mi></math></span> represents non-metricity. For this purpose, we apply the Krori–Barua metric ansatz with anisotropic fluid and use a linear <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>Q</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> model <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>Q</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><mi>ζ</mi><mi>Q</mi></mrow></math></span>, where <span><math><mi>ζ</mi></math></span> is a non-zero constant. We derive exact relativistic solutions of the corresponding field equations. Furthermore, we study its geometric and physical properties through astrophysical observations from the pulsar SAX J1748.9-2021, which is found in X-ray binary systems within globular clusters. We examine features like anisotropic pressure, the mass–radius relationship, redshift, the Zeldovich condition, energy and causality conditions, the adiabatic index, the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation, the equation of state parameter and compactness. Our findings align with the observational data which indicate that the pulsar SAX J1748.9-2021 is viable and stable under this modified theory of gravity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55439,"journal":{"name":"Astroparticle Physics","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 103054"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An end-to-end calibration of the Mini-EUSO detector in space","authors":"M. Battisti ,&nbsp;M. Bertaina ,&nbsp;E. Parizot ,&nbsp;M. Abrate ,&nbsp;D. Barghini ,&nbsp;A. Belov ,&nbsp;F. Bisconti ,&nbsp;C. Blaksley ,&nbsp;S. Blin ,&nbsp;F. Capel ,&nbsp;M. Casolino ,&nbsp;I. Churilo ,&nbsp;A.G. Coretti ,&nbsp;M. Crisconio ,&nbsp;C. De La Taille ,&nbsp;T. Ebisuzaki ,&nbsp;F. Fenu ,&nbsp;M.A. Franceschi ,&nbsp;C. Fuglesang ,&nbsp;S. Gallian ,&nbsp;M. Zotov","doi":"10.1016/j.astropartphys.2024.103057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.astropartphys.2024.103057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mini-EUSO is a wide Field-of-View (44<span><math><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>∘</mo></mrow></msup><mo>×</mo><mn>4</mn><msup><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>∘</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>) telescope currently in operation from a nadir-facing Ultra-Violet (UV) transparent window in the Russian Zvezda module on the International Space Station (ISS). Mini-EUSO has been designed as a scaled-down version of the original JEM-EUSO telescope to raise its instrumentation’s technological readiness level and demonstrate its observational principle, while performing multidisciplinary studies on different fields such as atmospheric science and planetology. One of Mini-EUSO main goals is the study of the UV background for future space missions employing the same concept as the original JEM-EUSO telescope, which requires an absolute calibration of the Mini-EUSO instrument. During the past years, a few observational campaigns have been completed, employing a ground-based UV flasher to perform an end-to-end calibration of the instrument. In this paper, we present the assembled UV flasher system, the operation of the field campaign and the analysis of the obtained data. The results are interpreted by the means of a parametrization of the Mini-EUSO photon counts. The end-to-end efficiency of several pixels has been obtained, taking into account different parameters such as the atmospheric attenuation, the optics efficiency and the multi-anode photomultiplier detection efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55439,"journal":{"name":"Astroparticle Physics","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 103057"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of realistic neutron star in the framework of f(Q) gravity","authors":"Samprity Das ,&nbsp;Surajit Chattopadhyay","doi":"10.1016/j.astropartphys.2024.103053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.astropartphys.2024.103053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work analyzes and evaluates a few realistic compact objects in the presence of a gravitational interaction between two particles with a nonmetricity <span><math><mi>Q</mi></math></span>. In the <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>Q</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> gravity framework, we have selected the anisotropic equation of motion and have determined <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>Q</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> to be a linear function of nonmetricity <span><math><mi>Q</mi></math></span>. To evaluate the field equations in our work, we have opted to employ the Krori–Barua metric. We calculated the anisotropic factor for each of the four compact objects and found that the anisotropic component is positive and increases monotonically and interpreted that the nuclear force can oppose the gravitational attraction. At last, the relationship between mass and radius has been determined and illustrated visually. We have noted that the compactness of the pulsars LMC X-4, SMC X-4, Cen X-3, and Vela X-1 is inside the Buchdahl’s limit for varying values of <span><math><mi>a</mi></math></span>. This has led to the interpretation that these pulsars are neutron stars in a modified gravity background of <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>Q</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>. In addition, we calculated the model mass and, using thirty distinct choices of <span><math><mi>a</mi></math></span>, ran the Chi-Square test to see if there was a noticeable difference between the observed and model-generated masses. We have also looked at how the surface redshift has changed over time and whether the compact objects in our model that were previously described are compact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55439,"journal":{"name":"Astroparticle Physics","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 103053"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The EUSO-SPB2 fluorescence telescope for the detection of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays","authors":"James H. Adams Jr. ,&nbsp;Denis Allard ,&nbsp;Phillip Alldredge ,&nbsp;Luis Anchordoqui ,&nbsp;Anna Anzalone ,&nbsp;Matteo Battisti ,&nbsp;Alexander A. Belov ,&nbsp;Mario Bertaina ,&nbsp;Peter F. Bertone ,&nbsp;Sylvie Blin-Bondil ,&nbsp;Julia Burton ,&nbsp;Francesco S. Cafagna ,&nbsp;Marco Casolino ,&nbsp;Karel Černý ,&nbsp;Mark J. Christl ,&nbsp;Roberta Colalillo ,&nbsp;Hank J. Crawford ,&nbsp;Alexandre Creusot ,&nbsp;Austin Cummings ,&nbsp;Rebecca Diesing ,&nbsp;Roy Young","doi":"10.1016/j.astropartphys.2024.103046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.astropartphys.2024.103046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super Pressure Balloon 2 (EUSO-SPB2) flew on May 13th and 14th of 2023. Consisting of two novel optical telescopes, the payload utilized next-generation instrumentation for the observations of extensive air showers from near space. One instrument, the fluorescence telescope (FT) searched for Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) by recording the atmosphere below the balloon in the near-UV with a <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow></math></span> time resolution using 108 multi-anode photomultiplier tubes with a total of 6912 channels. Validated by pre-flight measurements during a field campaign, the energy threshold was estimated around 2 EeV with an expected event rate of approximately 1 event per 10 h of observation. Based on the limited time afloat, the expected number of UHECR observations throughout the flight is between 0 and 2. Consistent with this expectation, no UHECR candidate events have been found. The majority of events appear to be detector artifacts that were not rejected properly due to a shortened commissioning phase. Despite the earlier-than-expected termination of the flight, data were recorded which provide insights into the detectors stability in the near-space environment as well as the diffuse ultraviolet emissivity of the atmosphere, both of which are impactful to future experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55439,"journal":{"name":"Astroparticle Physics","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 103046"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142313018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-parametric analysis for the dark matter density evolution","authors":"Z.C. Santana ,&nbsp;R.F.L. Holanda ,&nbsp;R. Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.astropartphys.2024.103052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.astropartphys.2024.103052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we investigate a potential departure in the standard dark matter density evolution law, <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>ρ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mrow><mi>ρ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>m</mi><mo>,</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><msup><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. The method involves considering a deformed evolution model, denoted as <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>ρ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mrow><mi>ρ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>m</mi><mo>,</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><msup><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>, and searching for the presence of any deviation (<span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>≠</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span>). As one may see, <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> is a general function that parametrizes a possible digression from the standard law. We use data of baryon acoustic oscillations, type I Supernovae luminosity distances, and galaxy cluster gas mass fraction observations to reconstruct <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> through an approach that is not dependent on the cosmological model or the so-called Gaussian process regression. Unlike previous works, it enables us to investigate a possible deviation without using a specific function to describe it. We have obtained <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span>, the standard model scenario, within <span><math><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>σ</mi></mrow></math></span> c.l. in all the considered cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55439,"journal":{"name":"Astroparticle Physics","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 103052"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142313019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling hadronic interactions in ultra-high-energy cosmic rays within astrophysical environments: A parametric approach","authors":"Antonio Condorelli ,&nbsp;Sergio Petrera","doi":"10.1016/j.astropartphys.2024.103047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.astropartphys.2024.103047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Interactions of ultra-high energy cosmic-rays (UHECRs) accelerated in astrophysical environments have been shown to shape the energy production rate of nuclei escaping from the confinement zone. To address the influence of hadronic interactions, Hadronic Interaction Models (HIMs) come into play. In this context, we present a parameterization capable of capturing the outcomes of two distinct HIMs, namely EPOS-LHC and Sibyll2.3d, in terms of secondary fluxes, including escaping nuclei, nucleons, neutrinos, photons, and electrons. Our parameterization is systematically evaluated against the source codes, both at fixed energy and mass, as well as in a physical case scenario. The comparison demonstrates that our parameterization aligns well with the source codes, establishing its reliability as a viable alternative for analytical or fast Monte Carlo approaches dedicated to the study of UHECR propagation within source environments. This suggests the potential for utilizing our parameterization as a practical substitute in studies focused on the intricate dynamics of ultra-high energy cosmic rays.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55439,"journal":{"name":"Astroparticle Physics","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 103047"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142240344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data quality control system and long-term performance monitor of LHAASO-KM2A","authors":"Zhen Cao ,&nbsp;F. Aharonian ,&nbsp;Axikegu ,&nbsp;Y.X. Bai ,&nbsp;Y.W. Bao ,&nbsp;D. Bastieri ,&nbsp;X.J. Bi ,&nbsp;Y.J. Bi ,&nbsp;W. Bian ,&nbsp;A.V. Bukevich ,&nbsp;Q. Cao ,&nbsp;W.Y. Cao ,&nbsp;Zhe Cao ,&nbsp;J. Chang ,&nbsp;J.F. Chang ,&nbsp;A.M. Chen ,&nbsp;E.S. Chen ,&nbsp;H.X. Chen ,&nbsp;Liang Chen ,&nbsp;Lin Chen ,&nbsp;X. Zuo","doi":"10.1016/j.astropartphys.2024.103029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.astropartphys.2024.103029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The KM2A is the largest sub-array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). It consists of 5216 electromagnetic particle detectors (EDs) and 1188 muon detectors (MDs). The data recorded by the EDs and MDs are used to reconstruct primary information of cosmic-ray and gamma-ray showers. To ensure the reliability of the LHAASO-KM2A data, a three-level quality control system has been established. It is used to monitor the status of detector units, stability of reconstructed parameters and the performance of the array based on observations of the Crab Nebula and Moon shadow. This paper will introduce the control system and its application on the LHAASO-KM2A data collected from August 2021 to July 2023. During this period, the pointing and angular resolution of the array were stable. From the observations of the Moon shadow and Crab Nebula, the results achieved using the two methods are consistent with each other. For example, according to the observation of the Crab Nebula with KM2A at energies from 25 TeV to 100 TeV, the time averaged pointing errors are estimated to be <span><math><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>003</mn><mo>°</mo><mo>±</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>005</mn><mo>°</mo></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>001</mn><mo>°</mo><mo>±</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>006</mn><mo>°</mo></mrow></math></span> in the R.A. and Dec directions, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55439,"journal":{"name":"Astroparticle Physics","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 103029"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927650524001063/pdfft?md5=2e46eeda20db2bab268c8f740a474474&pid=1-s2.0-S0927650524001063-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142122272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}