Atmosphere-Ocean最新文献_第4页

Development and Application of ETCalc, a Unique Online Tool for Estimation of Daily Evapotranspiration ETCalc的开发与应用——一个独特的估算日蒸散量的在线工具

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Atmosphere-Ocean Pub Date : 2022-12-13 DOI: 10.1080/07055900.2022.2154191

S. Danielescu

{"title":"Development and Application of ETCalc, a Unique Online Tool for Estimation of Daily Evapotranspiration","authors":"S. Danielescu","doi":"10.1080/07055900.2022.2154191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2022.2154191","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Various empirical methods that use meteorological data have been developed for estimating evapotranspiration. However, there are currently no online tools available for the estimation of daily evapotranspiration based on user-provided daily data. Here, we introduce ETCalc (https://etcalc.hydrotools.tech), a free, unique online tool that integrates eight methods (i.e. Penman-Monteith, Thornthwaite, Blaney – Criddle, Turc, Priestley – Taylor, Hargreaves, Jensen – Haise and Abtew) for estimation of daily potential evapotranspiration, reference evapotranspiration and, by employing user-defined crop (or cover) coefficients, daily actual evapotranspiration, based on user-provided daily meteorological data. ETCalc has been developed in response to the effort of the Canadian federal government to encourage easier and open access to science and is applicable to any area for which basic meteorological data are available and hence, its suitability is not restricted to particular geographical areas. Through a streamlined interface, ETCalc allows for uploading of user-provided data, tabular and graphical inspection of the input and output data, as well as export of the output data and of the associated metadata. The use of ETCalc is exemplified using 10-year daily meteorological data from Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada for comparing the output from each of the ETCalc methods and for the calculation of the precipitation deficit.","PeriodicalId":55434,"journal":{"name":"Atmosphere-Ocean","volume":"61 1","pages":"135 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44092439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Contribution of the Tibetan Plateau Snow Cover to the Record-breaking Rainfall Over the Yangtze River Valley in June 2020 青藏高原积雪对2020年6月长江流域降雨量破纪录的贡献

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Atmosphere-Ocean Pub Date : 2022-12-08 DOI: 10.1080/07055900.2022.2151408

Pengfei Zha, Zhiwei Wu

{"title":"Contribution of the Tibetan Plateau Snow Cover to the Record-breaking Rainfall Over the Yangtze River Valley in June 2020","authors":"Pengfei Zha, Zhiwei Wu","doi":"10.1080/07055900.2022.2151408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2022.2151408","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In June 2020, the Yangtze River Valley (YRV) experienced the most severe and long-persisting rainfall in past decades, causing hundreds of people’s death and huge property loss. Based on the high-resolution MODIS/Terra snow cover data for the 2000–2021 period and the linear baroclinic model (LBM), this study investigates the dynamic influence and the potentially predictable source from the Tibetan Plateau (TP) snow cover (TPSC) on this record-breaking YRV rainfall. The TPSC anomalies in the critical area (76°−83°E, 28°−35°N) can persist for more than six months and induce a Rossby wave train propagating northeastward. For the excessive TPSC, barotropic negative geopotential height anomalies prevail over northern East Asia and positive geopotential height anomalies over the northwestern Pacific. Such a circulation configuration favours a deepened cold vortex over Northeast China and the westward-developing western Pacific subtropical high, which leads to an intensified Meiyu-Baiu-Changma front and rich Meiyu rainfall. The LBM sensitive experiments can reproduce the above physical processes associated with the TPSC anomalies, realistically. Moreover, the quantitative contributions of the indices representing the TPSC and the three oceans (Pacific, Indian Ocean, and Atlantic) to the record-breaking Meiyu rainfall are examined, and the TPSC index explains most of the total variance of the rainfall anomaly among the indices, reaching 42.75%. This highlights the importance of the TP thermal forcing to the extreme climate conditions in June 2020.","PeriodicalId":55434,"journal":{"name":"Atmosphere-Ocean","volume":"61 1","pages":"122 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46731894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Representativeness of the Precipitation Observing Network for Monitoring Precipitation Change and Variability in Canada 用于监测加拿大降水变化和变率的降水观测网络的代表性

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Atmosphere-Ocean Pub Date : 2022-11-16 DOI: 10.1080/07055900.2022.2144111

H. Wan, Xuebin Zhang, M. Kirchmeier‐Young

{"title":"Representativeness of the Precipitation Observing Network for Monitoring Precipitation Change and Variability in Canada","authors":"H. Wan, Xuebin Zhang, M. Kirchmeier‐Young","doi":"10.1080/07055900.2022.2144111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2022.2144111","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT While there are thousands of precipitation stations in the Canadian climate archive, it has been challenging to estimate regional and national averages of precipitation for the purpose of monitoring climate change and variability, because of evolution of the monitoring network and generally sparse network density, in particular in the North. Changes in the observing network have resulted in segmentation and inhomogeneities in precipitation records. We used monthly precipitation from the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CanRCM4) large ensemble simulations as a proxy of observations with complete spatial and temporal coverage. By comparing results from the complete-coverage dataset with versions masked by observational coverage, we examined the representativeness of two long-term precipitation datasets for the estimation of annual mean precipitation at regional and national levels for the purpose of monitoring precipitation change and variability in Canada. We also analysed the implications of changes in the network and the possible added value of data processing, such as in-filling through spatially interpolating station records. We find that at the best coverage of approximately 450 precipitation stations in the Adjusted and/or Homogenized Canadian Climate Data dataset, station coverage is, in general, adequate for the purpose of monitoring long term precipitation trends. However, this capability is severely compromised if station density changes (reduces) with time or if there is a substantial number of missing values over time. The addition of station records in regions already better represented (i.e. regions with more population) does not provide significant improvement. In-filling over space through spatial interpolation does add value, provided that there is sufficient information in the station network. Our analysis demonstrates the importance of maintaining a consistent long-term network with sufficient station density for the purpose of monitoring climate change and variability.","PeriodicalId":55434,"journal":{"name":"Atmosphere-Ocean","volume":"61 1","pages":"69 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45255446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hydrodynamics of the Bay of Sept-Îles 九月岛湾的水动力学

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Atmosphere-Ocean Pub Date : 2022-11-15 DOI: 10.1080/07055900.2022.2141605

Jean-Luc Shaw, D. Bourgault, D. Dumont, D. Lefaivre

{"title":"Hydrodynamics of the Bay of Sept-Îles","authors":"Jean-Luc Shaw, D. Bourgault, D. Dumont, D. Lefaivre","doi":"10.1080/07055900.2022.2141605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2022.2141605","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Seasonal and tidal variability of temperature, salinity, and currents were measured from spring to fall 2017, and during spring 2018 in the Bay of Sept-Îles (BSI), located in the northwest of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada. Surface drifters were deployed to measure surface current velocities and CTD profiles were recorded regularly at 21 stations across the bay and the archipelago. Repeated passages along a transect at the mouth of the bay were conducted for 12 hours with a towed acoustic Doppler current profiler. During these transects, regular stops were made for CTD profiling. The bay was found to be a two-layer system, with a pycnocline near a depth of 10 m. There was a horizontal temperature and salinity front near the tributary rivers separating them from the surface waters of the Gulf of St. Lawrence; however, this front was outside the bay during the spring freshet. Tide-averaged currents were seaward near the surface (2–10 m) and shoreward in deeper waters (10–30 m), suggesting an estuarine circulation in the BSI. Average and maximum surface drifter speeds were 17.4 cm s and 86.6 cm s . Instantaneous drifter velocity was coarsely ( west of it) but steadily aligned with the direction of the wind, and average surface currents seemed to follow the dominant wind directions (SSE and WNW), since drifters often (in 22/46 cases) shoaled on their leeward beaches. Currents were dominated by tides locally but usually resulted from the complex interaction of tides with estuarine circulation, winds and effects of the Earth's rotation. Usual alignment of currents with coasts and bathymetry emphasized the key role of topographic steering on bay scale flow patterns. The bulk flushing time of water in the BSI was estimated to days.","PeriodicalId":55434,"journal":{"name":"Atmosphere-Ocean","volume":"61 1","pages":"105 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45168318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Multi-Year Sea Ice Conditions in the Northwest Passage: 1968–2020 西北航道多年海冰状况:1968-2020

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Atmosphere-Ocean Pub Date : 2022-10-21 DOI: 10.1080/07055900.2022.2136061

S. Howell, D. Babb, J. Landy, M. Brady

{"title":"Multi-Year Sea Ice Conditions in the Northwest Passage: 1968–2020","authors":"S. Howell, D. Babb, J. Landy, M. Brady","doi":"10.1080/07055900.2022.2136061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2022.2136061","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Northwest Passage is often referred to as the “Holy Grail” of ship navigation as it provides a shorter route connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans compared to the Northern Sea Route, Panama Canal, Suez Canal, and transiting around Cape Horn. Here, we summarize 52 years of observed multi-year ice (MYI) conditions from 1968 to 2020 in the western Canadian Arctic regions of the Northwest Passage updating a previous study that considered 1968–2006. Results indicate that on average, MYI area anomalies during the shipping season were +28% from 1968 to 2006 but −33% from 2007 to 2020 relative to the 1991–2020 climatology. The frequency of negative MYI area anomalies from 2007 to 2020 was unprecedented over the 52-year record. 13 of the past 14 years were negative in the Beaufort Sea, Franklin, and the Western Arctic Waterway; 10 of the past 14 years were negative in Western Parry Channel and Queen Elizabeth Islands; and 9 of the past 14 years were negative in the M’Clintock Channel. Despite strong and frequent negative MYI anomalies from 2007 to 2020, MYI recovery from first-year ice (FYI) aging and MYI dynamic import continued, but was reduced by 47% and 22%, respectively compared to 1968–2006. We demonstrate that from 2007 to 2020 (i) MYI dynamic recovery decreased because Arctic Ocean MYI has been primarily flowing into the Canadian Arctic via the smaller apertures in the Queen Elizabeth Islands and not from the Beaufort Sea via the M’Clure Strait and (ii) FYI aging decreased because recent changes in thermodynamic forcing have contributed to more melt. Overall, our results re-affirm that light MYI years in the Northwest Passage may occur more frequently as the Arctic continues to warm, but MYI recovery will continue to present a significant hazard to navigation for the foreseeable future.","PeriodicalId":55434,"journal":{"name":"Atmosphere-Ocean","volume":"61 1","pages":"202 - 216"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41639590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Intrusion of Spicy Water Favours the Intensification of Arabian Sea Cyclones 辛辣水的侵入有利于阿拉伯海气旋的增强

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Atmosphere-Ocean Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.1080/07055900.2022.2118106

K. Maneesha, V. Brahmananda Rao, K. Patnaik, S. H. Franchito

引用次数: 0

Volume Budget of Antarctic Intermediate Water in the Southern Ocean from an Eddy-Resolving Ocean Simulation 基于涡旋解析海洋模拟的南大洋南极中间水体积收支

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Atmosphere-Ocean Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.1080/07055900.2022.2118568

Jinjuan Zhang, Yiyong Luo, Wang Jing, Dexing Wu

引用次数: 0

Earth’s Climate History from 4.5 Billion Years to One Minute 从45亿年到一分钟的地球气候史

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Atmosphere-Ocean Pub Date : 2022-07-18 DOI: 10.1080/07055900.2022.2082914

Jialin Lin, Taotao Qian

引用次数: 3

On the Discretization of Richards Equation in Canadian Land Surface Models 论加拿大陆面模型中Richards方程的离散化

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Atmosphere-Ocean Pub Date : 2022-07-14 DOI: 10.1080/07055900.2022.2096558

M. Mackay, Gesa Meyer, J. Melton

{"title":"On the Discretization of Richards Equation in Canadian Land Surface Models","authors":"M. Mackay, Gesa Meyer, J. Melton","doi":"10.1080/07055900.2022.2096558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2022.2096558","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Both the Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS) and the Soil, Vegetation, and Snow (SVS) land surface models employ a potentially problematic discretization of Richards equation for unsaturated vertical flow in the soil column. It is shown here that this discretization will always overestimate the vertical moisture gradient compared to a better-constructed first-order scheme, which under some circumstances could lead to erroneous moisture drawdown. The problem stems from an interpolation calculation on the irregularly spaced grids traditionally used by these models. While vanishing on uniform grids, this numerical error progressively worsens with increasing layer thickness differences. In this brief technical note a systematic method for developing first and higher order schemes on irregular, staggered grids is presented. To demonstrate the potential impact of the new first – order scheme, multi-year simulations of five FLUXNET sites are presented and discussed. A dramatic improvement in first layer soil moisture is found for two of the sites, which contributes to potentially significant differences in evapotranspiration. Higher order schemes are also possible but must be constructed carefully, in concert with a judicious choice of soil layer spacing in order to minimize discretization error. Given the extensive use of CLASS and SVS in Canadian environmental prediction systems, and the freedom with which users can specify soil layer thicknesses, it is recommended that modellers consider this issue carefully in their applications.","PeriodicalId":55434,"journal":{"name":"Atmosphere-Ocean","volume":"61 1","pages":"1 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44091905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Tropical Cyclones 热带气旋

IF 1.2 4区地球科学

Atmosphere-Ocean Pub Date : 2022-07-14 DOI: 10.1080/07055900.2022.2086849

Jialin Lin, Taotao Qian, Philip Klotzbach

引用次数: 1