Atmosphere-Ocean最新文献

{"title":"Carbonyl Sulphide (OCS) Variability with Latitude in the Atmosphere","authors":"G. Krysztofiak, Y. Té, V. Catoire, G. Berthet, G. Toon, F. Jégou, P. Jeseck, C. Robert","doi":"10.1080/07055900.2013.876609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2013.876609","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Carbonyl sulphide (OCS) is an important precursor of sulphate aerosols and consequently a key species in stratospheric ozone depletion. The SPectromètre InfraRouge d'Absorption à Lasers Embarqués (SPIRALE) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) balloon-borne instruments have flown in the tropics and in the polar Arctic, and ground-based measurements have been performed by the Qualité de l'Air (QualAir) Fourier Transform Spectrometer in Paris. Partial and total columns and vertical profiles have been obtained to study OCS variability with altitude, latitude, and season. The annual total column variation in Paris reveals a seasonal variation with a maximum in April–June and a minimum in November–January. Total column measurements above Paris and from SWIR balloon-borne instrument are compared with several MkIV measurements, several Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) stations, aircraft, ship, and balloon measurements to highlight the OCS total column decrease from tropical to polar latitudes. OCS high-resolution in situ vertical profiles have been measured for the first time in the altitude range between 14 and 30 km at tropical and polar latitudes. OCS profiles are compared with Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) satellite measurements and show good agreement. Using the correlation between OCS and N2O from SPIRALE, the OCS stratospheric lifetime has been accurately determined. We find a stratospheric lifetime of 68 ± 20 years at polar latitudes and 58 ± 14 years at tropical latitudes leading to a global stratospheric sink of 49 ± 14 Gg S y−1.","PeriodicalId":55434,"journal":{"name":"Atmosphere-Ocean","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07055900.2013.876609","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59887150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying the Origin of Anomalous High Tropospheric Ozone in the Ozonesonde Data at Uccle by Comparison with Nearby De Bilt","authors":"R. van Malderen, H. De Backer, A. Delcloo, M. Allaart","doi":"10.1080/07055900.2014.886552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2014.886552","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The ozonesonde stations at Uccle (Belgium) and De Bilt (Netherlands), separated by only 175 km, offer a unique opportunity to test the influence of different ozonesonde types and different correction strategies, as well as to detect the presence of inhomogeneities in the ozonesonde time series resulting from changes in sounding equipment (solution, radiosonde, ozonesonde, interface, sounding software, etc.). In particular, we highlight a 2.5 year period (beginning of 2007 to mid-2009) of anomalous high tropospheric ozone values measured by ozonesondes at Uccle and compare these with the observations from De Bilt. Because the ozone deviations are only observed in the free troposphere where ozone concentrations are relatively low, and not in the boundary layer or the stratosphere, this issue is directly related to the sensitivity of ozonesondes. Therefore, the effect of every instrumental change, even though small, during this 2.5 year anomalous period is analyzed considering a change in the radiosounding equipment, different ozonesonde batches, operational differences at the stations, differences on ascent and descent during the anomalous period; an environmental cause is also examined. Unfortunately, one single, specific cause for the observed high tropospheric ozone values at Uccle could not be identified. There are two explanations consistent with the observations and not ruled out by the analysis here: 1) the majority of the ozonesondes used at Uccle between March 2007 and August 2009 needed longer conditioning of their sensors and, therefore, behaved more accurately at low ozone concentrations during their descent or when used a second time, and 2) an environmental origin arising from a local difference in the air mass between Uccle and De Bilt and between the ascent and descent.","PeriodicalId":55434,"journal":{"name":"Atmosphere-Ocean","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07055900.2014.886552","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59887988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Ozone Changes Over the Northern Hemisphere Mid-Latitudes for the 1979–2012 Period","authors":"J. Krzyścin, B. Rajewska-Więch, Izabela Pawlak","doi":"10.1080/07055900.2014.990869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2014.990869","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The solar backscattered ultraviolet (SBUV/SBUV-2) merged ozone datasets, version 8.6, including column ozone and ozone profiles for the 1979–2012 period are examined for the 35°N–60°N zonal belt in the northern hemisphere mid-latitudes and four sub-regions: central Europe, continental Europe, North America, and East Asia. The residual long-term patterns for total ozone and ozone profiles are extracted by smoothing the time series of differences between the original and the modelled ozone time series. Modelled ozone is obtained using the standard trend model accounting for ozone variability due to changes in stratospheric halogens and various dynamical factors commonly used in previous ozone trend analyses. Since about 2005 spring and summer total ozone in the troposphere and lower stratosphere has decreased in some regions (central and continental Europe, North America, and the 35°N–60°N zonal belt) compared with modelled ozone. The negative departure from modelled ozone in 2010 is approximately 2–3% of the overall 1979–2012 monthly mean level. It seems that this decrease is a result of yet unknown dynamical processes rather than to chemical destruction because the differences have a longitudinal structure, and total ozone in the upper stratosphere still follows changes in stratospheric halogen loading.","PeriodicalId":55434,"journal":{"name":"Atmosphere-Ocean","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07055900.2014.990869","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59888832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Ozone Deposition in the Occurrence of the Spring Maximum","authors":"A. Liudchik, Viktar Pakatashkin, S. Umreika, R. Girgždienė","doi":"10.1080/07055900.2013.853284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2013.853284","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A hypothesis has been formulated on the basis of experimental data presented in this article. According to the hypothesis, occurrence of the spring surface ozone maximum at mid-latitudes results from a delay in snow-cover melt. The data were collected at ozone stations in Minsk (Belarus) and Preila (Lithuania). Because the measurements of surface ozone concentration are quite different, despite the close proximity of the stations, a conclusion can be drawn about the significant influence of meteorological parameters on measurements. In addition to a rather subjective and poorly defined parameter—time of snow melt—the difference between the average March temperature and a climatological mean may be treated as a criterion for the presence or absence of the spring ozone maximum.","PeriodicalId":55434,"journal":{"name":"Atmosphere-Ocean","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07055900.2013.853284","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59886747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ozone and Spectroradiometric UV Changes in the Past 20 Years over High Latitudes","authors":"K. Eleftheratos, S. Kazadzis, C. Zerefos, K. Tourpali, C. Meleti, D. Balis, I. Zyrichidou, K. Lakkala, U. Feister, T. Koskela, A. Heikkilä, J. Karhu","doi":"10.1080/07055900.2014.919897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2014.919897","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study analyzes changes in solar ultraviolet (UV) irradiances at 305 and 325 nm at selected sites located at high latitudes of both hemispheres. Site selection was restricted to the availability of the most complete UV spectroradiometric datasets of the past twenty years (1990–2011). The results show that over northern high latitudes, between 55° and 70°N, UV irradiances at 305 nm decreased significantly by 3.9% per decade, whereas UV irradiance at 325 nm remained stable with no significant long-term change. Over southern high latitudes (55°–70°S), UV irradiances did not show any significant long-term changes at either 305 or 325 nm. Changes in solar UV irradiances are discussed in the context of long-term ozone and other atmospheric parameters affecting UV variability at ground level.","PeriodicalId":55434,"journal":{"name":"Atmosphere-Ocean","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07055900.2014.919897","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59887587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to the Special Issue of Atmosphere-Ocean—Proceedings of the Twenty-Second QOS / Introduction du numéro spécial d'Atmosphere-Ocean – Comptes-rendus du vingt-deuxième SQO","authors":"C.T. McElroy","doi":"10.1080/07055900.2014.1001621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2014.1001621","url":null,"abstract":"The twenty-second Quadrennial Ozone Symposium (QOS) was held in Toronto in August 2012, a year that marked a number of anniversaries of events related to the study of ozone and connected to Canada. These include the 50-year anniversary of the founding of the World Ozone Data Centre (now the World Ozone and Ultraviolet radiation Data Centre; WOUDC) by Environment Canada scientist Carleton Mateer; the 30-year anniversary of the delivery of the first commercial Brewer Ozone Spectrophotometer to Thessaloniki in Greece; the 25-year anniversary of the signing of the Montréal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (a protocol to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer) in Montréal; and the 20year anniversary of the introduction of the Ultraviolet (UV) Index in Canada. These anniversaries speak to the strong commitment that Canada has had to ozone measurement and ozone science. The twenty-second symposium is also notable for another reason—it was the first QOS to take place after the discovery of the first Arctic ozone hole (Manney et al., 2011). A number of papers were presented addressing that event. The QOS2012 saw nearly 300 scientists and students come together to share their research in Toronto. Attendees from 30 countries contributed more than 200 abstracts; 213 posters and 105 oral talks were presented. There are 15 papers in this special issue of Atmosphere-Ocean.","PeriodicalId":55434,"journal":{"name":"Atmosphere-Ocean","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07055900.2014.1001621","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59887285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SWIFT-DASH: Spatial Heterodyne Spectroscopy Approach to Stratospheric Wind and Ozone Measurement","authors":"B. Solheim, S. Brown, C. Sioris, G. Shepherd","doi":"10.1080/07055900.2013.855160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2013.855160","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Passive wind measurements using Doppler shifts from atmospheric emissions were well demonstrated by the Wind Imaging Interferometer (WINDII) and the High Resolution Doppler Imager (HRDI) instruments on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite, operated from 1991 to 2005. For WINDII these emissions were from visible region upper atmospheric airglow in the altitude range from 80 to 300 km. Application of the same technique in the stratosphere requires using thermal emission from a minor constituent, and an ozone line near 1133 cm−1 (about 8.8 μm) has been identified as a suitable target line. The WINDII method employed a Doppler Michelson Interferometer, in which the wind is measured from phase shifts of a single spectral line. Isolating a single ozone spectral line is a major challenge but using Spatial Heterodyne Spectroscopy (SHS) offers a way to resolve a number of interferogram spectral components (fringes) within a narrow spectral range. The instrument is a Michelson interferometer similar to WINDII but one in which the two mirrors are replaced by diffraction gratings. A developmental instrument capable of measuring the phase shifts from several ozone lines within a spectral range of 4 cm−1 has been designed, built, and operated in the laboratory. Simulated retrievals using the measurement parameters of this instrument demonstrate the capability of wind measurement with an accuracy better than 3 m s−1 over an altitude range of 24 to 60 km. The retrieval employs four spectral lines for wind and three fringe frequencies for ozone concentration (of about 30 possible), each of which provides an optimal measurement for a particular altitude range. Ozone concentrations are also provided with an accuracy better than 10% from 20 to 50 km. Further detailed tests of this instrument are planned for the future. This work is supported by the Canadian Space Agency.","PeriodicalId":55434,"journal":{"name":"Atmosphere-Ocean","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07055900.2013.855160","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59886922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends and Variability in Total Ozone from a Mid-Latitude Southern Hemisphere Site: The Melbourne Dobson Record 1978–2012","authors":"M. Tully, A. Klekociuk, S. Rhodes","doi":"10.1080/07055900.2013.869192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2013.869192","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Australian Bureau of Meteorology maintains a number of long-running Dobson measurement programs, among the few in southern hemisphere mid-latitudes. Data from the Melbourne site (the Melbourne/Airport World Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation Data Centre (WOUDC) station was originally located at Aspendale, then moved to the city centre, and finally to Melbourne Airport) from 1978 to 2012 have recently been reviewed and re-evaluated. These data are analyzed using multi-linear regression and also by application of an 11-year running mean. Satellite data from the Merged Ozone Dataset are also used for comparison with the Dobson results. We show that the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) plays a major role in winter and spring once phase is taken into account by month. We also show that the three so-called “classical” proxies (QBO, solar cycle, and Equivalent Effective Stratospheric Chlorine (EESC)) alone are able to give a good fit to ozone for Melbourne and, more generally, the southern mid-latitudes for most months of the year, in contrast with the case in the northern hemisphere where dynamical variation plays a much more important role. Correspondingly, the smoothed Melbourne Dobson time series shows a high correlation to EESC.","PeriodicalId":55434,"journal":{"name":"Atmosphere-Ocean","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07055900.2013.869192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59887264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compensating for the Effects of Stray Light in Single-Monochromator Brewer Spectrophotometer Ozone Retrieval","authors":"T. Karppinen, A. Redondas, R. García, K. Lakkala, C. T. McElroy, E. Kyrö","doi":"10.1080/07055900.2013.871499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2013.871499","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Spectrometers are designed to isolate particular wavebands and suppress light from wavelengths outside the band of interest. However, a small amount of undesired light will always enter the detector, not through the designed optical path, but through random scattering from the instrument optical components, housing, and dust particles. Every spectrophotometer has stray light coming from outside the nominal measurement waveband. For Dobson spectrophotometers and single monochromator Brewer spectrophotometers, which are basic instruments in the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ozone and ultraviolet (UV) monitoring network, the error introduced by stray light is substantial when the ozone slant path becomes very large because of high solar zenith angles and a thick ozone layer. These are common conditions during Arctic spring. To study the issue, a long ozone slant path Intercomparison/Calibration campaign for Nordic Brewers and Dobsons was held at Sodankylä 8–24 March 2011 and a follow-up campaign to extend calibrations to shorter ozone slant paths took place at Izaña observatory, Tenerife, between 28 October and 18 November 2011. These campaigns were part of the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) Intercalibration of Ground-based Spectrometers and Lidars project funded by the European Space Agency (ESA), intended to permit the homogenization of ozone data from the European ozone ground-truthing network. During the active intercomparison periods, measurements were taken only when good conditions for sun or moon observations existed. Laboratory measurements using calibration lamps and helium-cadmium (HeCd) lasers were an essential part of both campaigns. The campaigns produced a high-quality database of total ozone and UV measurements and an accurate, up-to-date calibration and characterization of participating Brewers and Dobsons against the European standard instruments from the Regional Dobson Calibration Centre-Europe (RDCC-E) and the Regional Brewer Calibration Centre-Europe (RBCC-E). In the present work we focus on single monochromator Brewers and present a physics-based method to compensate for the stray-light effects in ozone retrieval using laboratory characterizations and radiative transfer modelling. The method was tested with independent data from the campaign.","PeriodicalId":55434,"journal":{"name":"Atmosphere-Ocean","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07055900.2013.871499","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59887445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemistry–Climate Interactions of Stratospheric and Mesospheric Ozone in EMAC Long-Term Simulations with Different Boundary Conditions for CO2, CH4, N2O, and ODS","authors":"O. Kirner, R. Ruhnke, B. Sinnhuber","doi":"10.1080/07055900.2014.980718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2014.980718","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To evaluate future climate change in the middle atmosphere and the chemistry–climate interaction of stratospheric ozone, we performed a long-term simulation from 1960 to 2050 with boundary conditions from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change A1B greenhouse gas scenario and the World Meteorological Organization Ab halogen scenario using the chemistry–climate model ECHAM5/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC). In addition to this standard simulation we performed five sensitivity simulations from 2000 to 2050 using the rerun files of the simulation mentioned above. For these sensitivity simulations we used the same model setup as in the standard simulation but changed the boundary conditions for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and ozone-depleting substances (ODS). In the first sensitivity simulation we fixed the mixing ratios of CO2, CH4, and N2O in the boundary conditions to the amounts for 2000. In each of the four other sensitivity simulations we fixed the boundary conditions of only one of CO2, CH4, N2O, or ODS to the year 2000. In our model simulations the future evolution of greenhouse gases leads to significant cooling in the stratosphere and mesosphere. Increasing CO2 mixing ratios make the largest contributions to this radiative cooling, followed by increasing stratospheric CH4, which also forms additional H2O in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere. Increasing N2O mixing ratios makes the smallest contributions to the cooling. The simulated ozone recovery leads to warming of the middle atmosphere. In the EMAC model the future development of ozone is influenced by several factors. 1) Cooler temperatures lead to an increase in ozone in the upper stratosphere. The strongest contribution to this ozone production is cooling due to increasing CO2 mixing ratios, followed by increasing CH4. 2) Decreasing ODS mixing ratios lead to ozone recovery, but the contribution to the total ozone increase in the upper stratosphere is only slightly higher than the contribution of the cooling by greenhouse gases. In the polar lower stratosphere a decrease in ODS is mainly responsible for ozone recovery. 3) Higher NOx and HOx mixing ratios due to increased N2O and CH4 lead to intensified ozone destruction, primarily in the middle and upper stratosphere, from additional NOx; in the mesosphere the intensified ozone destruction is caused by additional HOx. In comparison to the increase in ozone due to decreasing ODS, ozone destruction caused by increased NOx is of similar importance in some regions, especially in the middle stratosphere. 4) In the stratosphere the enhancement of the Brewer-Dobson circulation leads to a change in ozone transport. In the polar stratosphere increased downwelling leads to additional ozone in the future, especially at high northern latitudes. The dynamical impact on ozone development is higher at some altitudes in the polar stratosphere than the ozone increase due to cooler temperatures. In the t","PeriodicalId":55434,"journal":{"name":"Atmosphere-Ocean","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07055900.2014.980718","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59888556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}