Australian Forestry最新文献

{"title":"How are forests represented in Australian senior secondary curricula?*","authors":"D. Yao","doi":"10.1080/00049158.2019.1681053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2019.1681053","url":null,"abstract":"Education is recognised as a fundamental tool to promote the transformative behavioural change necessary to address contemporary environmental and sustainability challenges, many of which stem from human activities. Forests, and the numerous important benefits they deliver, are under threat from a range of pressures. However, the nexus between education, behaviour and forests is not well understood. Previous research suggests that the relationship between education and behaviour is complex, with various influencing factors. A body of literature has addressed this topic in the context of pro-environmental behaviour. The research reported here investigates the relationship between education and a subset of pro-environment behaviour characterised as pro-forest behaviour. In a case study of the Australian upper secondary school curriculum, this study used qualitative methods to assess the representation of forests in the context of pro-forest behaviour. This was done through document analyses of curriculum texts at the national and state and territory level and interviews of teachers of forest-related courses. Forests were predominantly represented indirectly in Australian course curriculum texts. Forests were typically portrayed in narrow contexts and not necessarily in ways which might underpin pro-forest behaviour. Teachers were identified as critical elements of the education system, able to interpret and build on official course curricula to deliver classes that addressed forests and fostered pro-forest behaviour in greater depth and breadth. These results also suggest, consistent with the sustainability education literature, that education has the potential to foster transformative behaviour. However, this potential is not likely to be fully realised at present for the case of forests in Australian upper secondary education. Strengthening education to support pro-forest behaviour will likely require a broader understanding of pro-forest concepts in Australian education and greater teacher capacity and opportunities to deliver pro-forest learning more effectively.","PeriodicalId":55426,"journal":{"name":"Australian Forestry","volume":"82 1","pages":"191 - 191"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00049158.2019.1681053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44408123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the thermal adaptability of tree provenances: an example using Eucalyptus tereticornis","authors":"T. Booth","doi":"10.1080/00049158.2019.1680594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2019.1680594","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A 2017 paper intended to assist climate-change studies concluded that provenances of the widely distributed Eucalyptus tereticornis ‘are not differentiated in their thermal responses’ in terms of photosynthesis, respiration and growth. The aim here was to place this surprising result, based on a short-term (48-day) experiment with seedlings of just three provenances, into the broader context of several years’ growth of provenances of the same species. To do this, a re-analysis of results from trials of 14 provenances of E. tereticornis was undertaken. These were grown for 3.5 or 5.0 years at four contrasting sites in southern China spanning mean annual temperatures (MAT) from 15.0°C to 23.5°C. The analysis described here compares MATs at climate-of-origin with volume growth. It demonstrates an approach that could easily be applied to provenance studies of other commercially important species. It makes use of the ready access to distributional and climatic data provided by a modern biodiversity database, the Atlas of Living Australia. Some of the provenances showed a surprising level of adaptability to climates markedly different to those of their origin. At the warmest site in China, however, the growth of the provenances was significantly related to the MAT at their climate-of-origin. It is concluded that researchers considering the likely impacts of climate change on tree species may find it useful to examine results from commercial provenance trials as well as from glasshouse experiments with seedlings.","PeriodicalId":55426,"journal":{"name":"Australian Forestry","volume":"82 1","pages":"176 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00049158.2019.1680594","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47305622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of radio frequency identification tag housings in a tropical forestry work environment","authors":"T. Kaakkurivaara, N. Kaakkurivaara","doi":"10.1080/00049158.2019.1678797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2019.1678797","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Precise information on the origin of timber can be obtained by using an identifier system, which can help in preventing illegal logging, managing timber supply chains and increasing value adding. Radio frequency identification (RFID) is increasingly used in log-tracking systems. The RFID tags currently available on the market are not directly suitable for forestry applications, however, unless the tags are protected by a housing. Harsh working environments mean that tag housings must be robust in order to keep their valuable information safe throughout a logging operation. The aim of this study was to provide a testing method for use as a decision-making tool by RFID users. The study used five tests to evaluate the applicability of eight kinds of tag housing for forestry applications. The tests considered climatic aspects, mechanical stress, readability and survival in the field. The method was found to work well with tested tag housings, revealing their strengths and weaknesses. Using the testing method, a procedure is recommended to determine the most appropriate tag housing.","PeriodicalId":55426,"journal":{"name":"Australian Forestry","volume":"82 1","pages":"181 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00049158.2019.1678797","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47325207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A set of learning outcomes for transdisciplinary thinking*","authors":"P. Nykiel","doi":"10.1080/00049158.2019.1680595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2019.1680595","url":null,"abstract":"Forestry, as a profession, tends towards requiring an understanding of multiple traditional academic and non-academic disciplines. Given the importance of integrating social and environmental concerns, it could even be said to tend towards needing transdisciplinary approaches. Accordingly, it would be of some value to examine what this means and the core skills necessary to train the next generation of foresters. Transdisciplinary thinking is not a term easily defined, for it refers to knowledge created outside of and beyond the conventional frame of academic disciplines. From a theoretical perspective, transdisciplinary thinking can be broken down into three ‘pillars’ or key high-level ideas (Nicolescu 1996; Klein 2004; Max-Neef 2005). The first of these pillars is the notion that there exist complex relationships between all things, beyond simple cause and effect (Nicolescu 1996). The second states that there are multiple levels of reality, defined by a change in fundamental rules between each (Nicolescu 1996). In simpler terms, some ‘universal’ rules may not hold in all circumstances, such as between the macro and quantum realms (Max-Neef 2005). Some transdisciplinary theorists go further and suggest that disciplines which gather raw scientific data such as physics, biology or chemistry differ sufficiently from professional, normative or philosophical disciplines to be considered different academic realities (Max-Neef 2005). The third pillar provides a system of logic to help navigate these multiple realities. This is referred to as the ‘logic of the included middle’ and allows contradictory information to exist in a middle state of consensus (Nicolescu 1996). Much as a photon can be either a wave or a particle depending on the reality from which it is reserved, there is a third state, a quanton, which accepts that both are true (Max-Neef 2005). If you can manage to consider all these ideas at once while conducting work or research, congratulations, you are a transdisciplinary thinker. For the rest of us, this is more of an ideal to work towards that requires more training and new skills to be able to practice. What follows is the need to translate these highly abstract concepts, which have already been greatly distilled, into a more applicable framework for teaching. This was one of the key aims of my research. What emerged was a testable framework of six skills and understandings. Following a process of refinement based on thematic analysis of a qualitative dataset of interviews, three learning outcomes emerged. Transdisciplinary thinking can be said to require the following:","PeriodicalId":55426,"journal":{"name":"Australian Forestry","volume":"82 1","pages":"189 - 189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00049158.2019.1680595","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46795874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creating forest management units with Hot Spot Analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*) over a forest affected by mixed-severity fires","authors":"F. Rossi, G. Becker","doi":"10.1080/00049158.2019.1678714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2019.1678714","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The rehabilitation of degraded subtropical natural forests is a global concern. A detailed assessment of their structure is a challenging and costly prerequisite because diverse structures exist depending on the cause and degree of degradation. Recent remote sensing concepts and technologies provide a detailed picture of actual forest structure, even in difficult terrain. When it comes to planning and implementing rehabilitation measures on the ground, however, meaningful forest management units (FMUs) must be created that are large enough to allow technical implementation, but which are also homogenous in structure. To date, the delineation of FMUs has, in most cases, been achieved qualitatively based on expert knowledge. The aim of this contribution is to develop and demonstrate a method for creating and delineating meaningful FMUs based on quantitative information acquired from remote sensing and spatial statistics. Therefore, a case study was conducted in a 3940-ha fire-degraded forest area in the Argentinean cloud forest of Yungas Pedemontana. A plot-based field inventory and an aerial survey with an unmanned aerial vehicle were conducted. The Adjusted Canopy Coverage Index (ACCI), as a metric for stand structure, was formulated to predict basal area from canopy height models. A SPOT6 image of the area was object-based segmented and classified into four fire-severity strata by training it with the ACCI values. The resulting classification presented a mosaic pattern in which the stands are homogenous but far too small (average 3129 m2) for planning adaptive management. Therefore, features in close proximity with similar structure (i.e. ACCI values) were aggregated using the Hot Spot Analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*) tool from the Arc geographic information system environment to create FMUs. Clusters were calculated at four scales: 10, 20, 30 and 40 ha (resulting in threshold radii of 178, 252, 309 and 357 m, respectively), using ACCI values as the variable of aggregation. As a result, average cluster areas were obtained of 33.9 ha for the shortest threshold distance of analysis and 138.5 ha for the greatest threshold distance. The tool significantly aggregated between 30.7% and 60.8% of the area into either coldspots or hotspots of ACCI, facilitating the delineation of FMUs for the planning of adaptive rehabilitation measures. There is a trade-off, however, between the gain in area of the FMUs and the loss of homogeneity: for a 357 m distance threshold, 12% more of the area was misclassified, compared with a 178 m threshold.","PeriodicalId":55426,"journal":{"name":"Australian Forestry","volume":"82 1","pages":"166 - 175"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00049158.2019.1678714","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44788263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2018 AOA Presidential Address: Developing Leaders and Training Thoroughbreds: AOA Critical Issues.","authors":"Rick W Wright","doi":"10.2106/JBJS.19.00166","DOIUrl":"10.2106/JBJS.19.00166","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55426,"journal":{"name":"Australian Forestry","volume":"29 1","pages":"e70"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2019-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80635614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing geomorphic values within Tasmanian plantations on karst terrain","authors":"A. Slee, P. McIntosh, J. Webb, C. Sharples, K. Williams","doi":"10.1080/00049158.2019.1656704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2019.1656704","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The hazards associated with land use in karst terrain are widely recognised but those associated with forest operations on karst have received relatively little attention. The Tasmanian Forest Practices Code, first introduced in 1987, specifies that natural values in karst terrain are protected and managed during forest operations. Consequently, planning of operations on plantations in karst terrain requires detailed documentation and mapping of the karst features (chiefly sinkholes and caves) present. Planning by Forest Practices Officers, working with geoscientists at the Forest Practices Authority (FPA), has generally ensured that karst features have been avoided at planting, but because karst is an active process, prescriptions to protect karst in first rotations may need to be upgraded in Forest Practices Plans (FPPs) produced for later rotations. Experience gained in both pre-Code and post-Code plantations led the FPA to develop new guidelines for forest operations on karst. Instead of classifying sinkholes on their basis of their size and genesis, the guidelines classify them pragmatically into three categories—passive, active and recent—broadly related to perceived risk of further collapse and runoff-filtering capacity and apply appropriate management prescriptions for each category. Incorporation of these prescriptions into FPPs ensures risk-related management for karst features and reduces hazards for machinery operators and forest managers. The guidelines can be applied by foresters and forest planners trained in geomorphic processes and could be applied more broadly in karst terrain.","PeriodicalId":55426,"journal":{"name":"Australian Forestry","volume":"82 1","pages":"127 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00049158.2019.1656704","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47019185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of nutrient, water and organic matter dynamics of tropical acacias on mineral soils for improved management in Southeast Asia","authors":"D. Mendham, D. White","doi":"10.1080/00049158.2019.1611991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2019.1611991","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT More than 3 000 000 ha of tropical acacias have been established in recent decades, mostly grown on short rotations of 4–7 years, by a range of growers, from smallholders in Vietnam with less than 5 ha to large industrial growers in Sumatra managing hundreds of thousands of hectares. While the acacia estate is declining in some areas due to disease susceptibility, it is still expanding in other areas, and acacias would probably be the preferred species in many areas if the disease issues can be overcome. To date, many of the silvicultural management practices have largely been based on operational trial and error rather than backed by scientific evidence. To ensure sustained production, a deeper understanding of the mechanism for the response of acacias to management and environment is required. The objective of this paper is to review recent advances in our knowledge of the nutrient, water and organic matter dynamics of acacia plantations on mineral soils in Southeast Asia. We show that water availability is a key factor influencing productivity in many locations, but also that there are options for new approaches to management, including regional and site selection (or choice to plant or not on any given plot of land), and an understanding of nutritional requirements will help managers to adopt best practices in their plantations. While many plantations show significant responses to nutrients, particularly phosphorus (P, e.g. up to 200% stem volume increase at age one year); initial large responses to P fertiliser are reported to diminish over time, such that the response tends to be non-significant at many sites by harvest age. Only small quantities are recommended at establishment (equivalent to around 10 kg P ha−1) to maximise productivity. Large quantities of site nutrient pools are held in harvesting debris or slash. Slash should be considered a valuable resource for sustaining productivity into the future, and its role in relation to fertiliser application needs further study.","PeriodicalId":55426,"journal":{"name":"Australian Forestry","volume":"82 1","pages":"45 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00049158.2019.1611991","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42225294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teak (Tectona grandis) silviculture and research: applications for smallholders in Lao PDR","authors":"A. N. Pachas, S. Sakanphet, S. Midgley, M. Dieters","doi":"10.1080/00049158.2019.1610215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2019.1610215","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Teak is an important forest plantation species in Lao PDR (Laos), that has been planted extensively by smallholders, supplying domestic industries and international markets. There have been significant advances in the intensive silvicultural management of teak focused on the production of high-quality timber. Laos is not an exception. With support from the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, there have been advances in the understanding and knowledge of appropriate management practices for smallholder teak, as well as development of supporting technologies (i.e. ex situ conservation, genetic improvement, growth models, thinning and pruning prescriptions, and agroforestry systems). This paper summarises published information on the silviculture and management of teak, including improvement of genetic resources, stocking rate, thinning and agroforestry systems used in Asia, Africa, Latin America and Oceania, and relates this to the current situation in northern Laos. The challenge is to now transfer this knowledge to the teak smallholders, professionals, educators and policy decision makers of Laos.","PeriodicalId":55426,"journal":{"name":"Australian Forestry","volume":"82 1","pages":"105 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00049158.2019.1610215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42358374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the knowledge and skills of smallholders to adopt market-oriented tree management practices: lessons from Master TreeGrower training courses in Indonesia","authors":"A. Muktasam, R. Reid, D. Race, A. K. Wakka, S. Oktalina, Agusman, T. Herawati, A. Bisjoe","doi":"10.1080/00049158.2019.1605681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2019.1605681","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Growing trees on farmland continues to be a promising land-use option for smallholders in Indonesia as they look to diversify their enterprises beyond the main agricultural sector. While most smallholders integrate trees into their farming systems, selling timber and other tree products has usually been infrequent and opportunistic. Because of this infrequent trade, most smallholders rarely adopt silvicultural practices that would increase the commercial value of their trees. A research project trialled an alternative approach to forestry extension in Indonesia, known as the Master TreeGrower (MTG) training course. The MTG training courses used a farmer-centred approach to teach smallholders about forest science and took participants to market hubs so they could better understand how different forest products were valued by traders. The MTG training approach was trialled in 2014 in five districts in Indonesia and involved 118 smallholders and 27 non-farmers as course participants. This article reports on a recent evaluation of the MTG training courses held about three years earlier to explore the enduring impacts of the training approach and whether it can be scaled-out to other areas of Indonesia. The evaluation data were collected via focus group discussions (FGDs), in-depth interviews, household surveys and observations at three project sites: Pati (Central Java), Gunungkidul (Yogyakarta) and Bulukumba (South Sulawesi). A questionnaire was distributed among the participants of the FGDs to assess the extent different knowledge and skills of tree management that had been adopted by them following the MTG courses. The evaluation of the MTG approach revealed that the courses were effective in increasing smallholders’ knowledge of commercial forestry and their silvicultural skills. Many participants were more active with silviculture and planned to invest further in commercial forestry following the MTG training. In effect, the MTG training appeared to change the hearts and minds of the farmers about how commercial forestry could enhance their livelihoods.","PeriodicalId":55426,"journal":{"name":"Australian Forestry","volume":"82 1","pages":"13 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00049158.2019.1605681","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44912152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}