Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte最新文献_第6页

Circulation of Coronavirus Images: Helping Social Distancing? 冠状病毒图像的传播:有助于保持社会距离?

IF 0.6 2区哲学

Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte Pub Date : 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.1002/bewi.202200052

Bettina Bock von Wülfingen

{"title":"Circulation of Coronavirus Images: Helping Social Distancing?","authors":"Bettina Bock von Wülfingen","doi":"10.1002/bewi.202200052","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bewi.202200052","url":null,"abstract":"As soon as the SARS-Cov2 disease was recognized by experts to potentially cause a serious pandemic, a three dimensional diagrammatic image of the virus, colored in strong red, conquered public media globally.This study confronts this iconic virus image with a historic image analysis of 33,000 biomedical articles on coronaviruses published between 1968–2020 and interviews with some of their authors.Only a small fraction of scientific virus publications entail images of the complete virus. Red as an alarm color is not used at all by scientists who don't aim for a non-scientific public.Circulation in this case concerns the movement of iconic images from a scientific context into a general public. On the basis of hps-studies on scientific diagrams and especially on color use in scientific diagrams to convey specific messages in public, the paper discusses the role of the claim of public corona-virus diagram as “scientific.”It points at relevant differences between most frequent scientific corona-virus images and the diagrammatic image used in public. Both author- and readerships (in science and public) follow contrasting aims and values. Thus, the images meet non-expert readers for whom the images entail very different – and potentially unintended – meanings then to virus experts.","PeriodicalId":55388,"journal":{"name":"Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte","volume":"46 2-3","pages":"259-282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bewi.202200052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10231728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Circulation as a Visual Practice** 循环作为视觉实践**

IF 0.6 2区哲学

Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.1002/bewi.202300023

Katharina Steiner, Lukas Engelmann

引用次数: 0

Commentary: Visual Cultures, Publication Technologies, and Legitimation in the Life Sciences** 评论:生命科学中的视觉文化、出版技术和合法性**

IF 0.6 2区哲学

Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte Pub Date : 2023-08-10 DOI: 10.1002/bewi.202300025

Lynn K. Nyhart

引用次数: 0

Measuring and Manipulating the Rhine River Branches: Interactions of Theory and Embodied Understanding in Eighteenth Century River Hydraulics 测量和操纵莱茵河支流：十八世纪河流水力学中理论与具象理解的相互作用

IF 0.6 2区哲学

Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte Pub Date : 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.1002/bewi.202300004

Maarten G. Kleinhans

引用次数: 0

Epistêmê or Technê? A Relationship That Shaped the History of Science. Essay Review of Wolfgang Lefèvre, Minerva Meets Vulcan: Scientific and Technological Literature—1450–1750 (Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2021), ix+198 pp. EUR 108.99 (hard cover). ISBN: 9783030730840. Epistêmê还是Technê?塑造科学史的关系。沃尔夫冈·勒弗勒特伏尔的论文评论，Minerva Meets Vulcan:科学技术文献- 1450 - 1750 (Cham，瑞士:施普林格，2021)，9 +198页。108.99欧元(精装)。ISBN: 9783030730840。

IF 0.6 2区哲学

Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte Pub Date : 2023-07-16 DOI: 10.1002/bewi.202300007

Doina-Cristina Rusu

引用次数: 0

“Conducted Properly, Published Incorrectly”: The Evolving Status of Gel Electrophoresis Images Along Instrumental Transformations in Times of Reproducibility Crisis “正确地进行，错误地发表”:在可重复性危机时代，凝胶电泳图像沿着仪器转换的演变状态

IF 0.6 2区哲学

Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte Pub Date : 2023-07-11 DOI: 10.1002/bewi.202200051

Nephtali Callaerts, Alexandre Hocquet, Frédéric Wieber

{"title":"“Conducted Properly, Published Incorrectly”: The Evolving Status of Gel Electrophoresis Images Along Instrumental Transformations in Times of Reproducibility Crisis","authors":"Nephtali Callaerts, Alexandre Hocquet, Frédéric Wieber","doi":"10.1002/bewi.202200051","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bewi.202200051","url":null,"abstract":"For the last ten years, within molecular life sciences, the reproducibility crisis discourse has been embodied as a crisis of trust in scientific images. Beyond the contentious perception of “questionable research practices” associated with a digital turn in the production of images, this paper highlights the transformations of gel electrophoresis as a family of experimental techniques. Our aim is to analyze the evolving epistemic status of generated images and its connection with a crisis of trust in images within that field.From the 1980s to the 2000s, we identify two key innovations (precast gels and gel docs) leading to a “two-tiered” gel electrophoresis with different standardization procedures, different epistemic statuses of the produced images and different ways of generating (dis)trust in images. The first tier, exemplified by differential gel electrophoresis (DIGE), is characterized by specialized devices processing images as quantitative data. The second tier, exemplified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), is described as a routine technique making use of image as qualitative “virtual witnessing.” The difference between these two tiers is particularly apparent in the ways images are processed, even though both tiers involve image digitization. Our account thus highlights different views on reproducibility within the two tiers. Comparability of images is insisted upon in the first tier while traceability is expected in the second tier. It is striking that these differences occur not only within the same scientific field, but even within the same family of experimental techniques. In the second tier, digitization entails distrust, whereas it implies a collective sentiment of trust in the first tier.","PeriodicalId":55388,"journal":{"name":"Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte","volume":"46 2-3","pages":"233-258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bewi.202200051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10219052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pics or It Didn't Happen: Reading Photographs in the Reef Tank Community 照片或未发生:阅读珊瑚礁水箱社区的照片

IF 0.6 2区哲学

Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte Pub Date : 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.1002/bewi.202200050

Samantha Muka

引用次数: 0

Shaping Public Perception: Polish Illustrated Press and the Image of Polish Naturalists Working in Latin America, 1844–1885 塑造公众观念:波兰插图出版社和在拉丁美洲工作的波兰博物学家的形象，1844-1885

IF 0.6 2区哲学

Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte Pub Date : 2023-04-14 DOI: 10.1002/bewi.202200047

Aleksandra Kaye

{"title":"Shaping Public Perception: Polish Illustrated Press and the Image of Polish Naturalists Working in Latin America, 1844–1885","authors":"Aleksandra Kaye","doi":"10.1002/bewi.202200047","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bewi.202200047","url":null,"abstract":"This article will investigate the ways in which Polish illustrated press contributed to communicating and reporting the work of Polish émigré naturalists working in Latin America to the Polish general public living in the Prussian, Russian and Austrian partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1844–1885. It examines the ways in which illustrations were used to shape the public's opinion about the significance of these migrants’ scientific achievements. The Polish illustrated press, its authors and editors were instrumental in shaping the public's perceptions of the reach of Polish scientists, and exploring their impact on broader scientific debates, thereby situating Polish people and their work in a global context. The didactic and opinion-making role of the illustrated press was highly influential among Polish audiences during this period, at a time when the survival of Polish identity, culture, language, and education was uncertain. Illustrated weeklies were one of the vectors through which high science was made accessible to the Polish public. A study of pictures in Polish illustrated press will help to explain how they contributed towards shaping the images in the public eye of naturalists’ scientific work, and discourses about science and its actors more broadly.","PeriodicalId":55388,"journal":{"name":"Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte","volume":"46 2-3","pages":"158-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bewi.202200047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10281240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Visualizing Pollution: Representations of Biological Data in Water Pollution Control in the United States, 1948–1962 可视化污染:1948-1962年美国水污染控制中的生物数据表示

IF 0.6 2区哲学

Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte Pub Date : 2023-03-24 DOI: 10.1002/bewi.202200049

Ryan Hearty

{"title":"Visualizing Pollution: Representations of Biological Data in Water Pollution Control in the United States, 1948–1962","authors":"Ryan Hearty","doi":"10.1002/bewi.202200049","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bewi.202200049","url":null,"abstract":"After the United States Congress passed the Water Pollution Control Act of 1948, biologists played an increasingly significant role in scientific studies of water pollution. Biologists interacted with other experts, notably engineers, who managed the public agencies devoted to water pollution control. Although biologists were at first marginalized within these agencies, the situation began to change by the early 1960s. Biological data became an integral part of water pollution control. While changing societal values, stimulated by an emerging ecological awareness, may explain broader shifts in expert opinion during the 1960s, this article explores how graphs changed experts’ perceptions of water pollution. Experts communicated with each other via reports, journal articles, and conference speeches. Those sources reveal that biologists began experimenting with new graphical methods to simplify the complex ecological data they collected from the field. Biologists, I argue, followed the engineers’ lead by developing graphical methods that were concise and quantitative. Their need to collaborate with engineers forced them to communicate, negotiate, and overcome conflicts and misunderstandings. By meeting engineers’ expectations and promoting the value of their data through images as much as words, biologists asserted their authority within water pollution control by the early 1960s.","PeriodicalId":55388,"journal":{"name":"Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte","volume":"46 2-3","pages":"206-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bewi.202200049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10229561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inhaltsverzeichnis: Ber. Wissenschaftsgesch. 1/2023 目录：Ber。科学2023年1月

IF 0.6 2区哲学

Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte Pub Date : 2023-03-10 DOI: 10.1002/bewi.202380111

引用次数: 0