Michael A. Kougioumtzis, Vasileios Filippou, Anatoli Rontogianni, Emmanouil Karampinis, Panagiotis Grammelis, Emmanouel Kakaras
{"title":"Valorization of spent coffee ground by mixing with various types of residual biomass for pellet production: evaluation of solid biofuel properties at different mixtures","authors":"Michael A. Kougioumtzis, Vasileios Filippou, Anatoli Rontogianni, Emmanouil Karampinis, Panagiotis Grammelis, Emmanouel Kakaras","doi":"10.1002/bbb.2646","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bbb.2646","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Coffee consumption is a daily habit for the majority of people worldwide, resulting in consistently large amounts of residue. Spent coffee ground (SCG) is the residue obtained during the brewing process. It represents an abundant source of energy biomass, or raw material for added value products but it is still largely unexploited. This residue may find several applications, such as in polymers/composites precursors, solid/liquid biofuels, biofertilizers, and so forth. The aim of the present paper was the pilot production of pellets by mixing SCG and other residual biomass feedstock. Coffee residues were mixed at different ratios (0, 10, 30, 50, 70, 90 wt%) together with: (i) forestry residues; (ii) sawmill residues; (iii) urban prunings; (iv) maize residues; (v) peach prunings; and (vi) miscanthus. Samples of each fuel mixture were analyzed at the Solid Fuels Laboratory of CPERI/CERTH (Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute/Centre for Research and Technology Hellas) in Greece by applying established standards. The results of the analyses show that the mixing of biomass residues with coffee could result in competitive solid biofuels. More specifically, pellets with up to 10% coffee residues, mixed with sawmill residues, complied with the class A2 limits set by the international standard ISO 17225-2 for wood pellets, and pellets with up to 30% coffee residues complied with the class B limits for wood pellets for commercial/residential applications. Urban prunings mixed with 10 wt% coffee residues are within the limits set for class B wood pellets.</p>","PeriodicalId":55380,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels Bioproducts & Biorefining-Biofpr","volume":"18 4","pages":"968-989"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bbb.2646","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141340104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ersin Onem, Volker Heil, Hasan Yesil, Michael Prokein, Manfred Renner
{"title":"Hydrocarbon fuel blendstock from tannery waste: energy from fleshing oil via gas phase catalytic cracking","authors":"Ersin Onem, Volker Heil, Hasan Yesil, Michael Prokein, Manfred Renner","doi":"10.1002/bbb.2632","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bbb.2632","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The global leather industry generates large quantities of tannery waste. These leather wastes have a high fat content, which could be used for valuable products. This study focuses on the conversion of such fats into a biocrude to be distilled into a bio-based hydrocarbon fuel blendstock. A biorefining technology defined as ‘gas-phase catalytic cracking’ (GCC) over activated carbons, also referred to as ‘greasoline’, was used for conversion, and GC–MS/FID and simulated distillation for product characterization. The experiments were performed at ambient pressure and 450 °C reaction temperature, with 40 g h<sup>−1</sup> of fat being processed over 55 g of steam-activated carbon under a nitrogen atmosphere for a duration of 4 h. Fleshing oil obtained from the pre-fleshing of double-face lambskins by extraction with supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> yielded almost the same mass fraction of organic liquid product (OLP) (59 wt%) as palm oil used as a reference (62 wt%). In both OLPs, <i>n</i>-alkanes from heptane to heptadecane predominate, with a clear predominance of <i>n</i>-pentadecane and <i>n</i>-heptadecane and no unsaturated molecules among the major components. For both oils, about 85 wt% of the OLP is in the boiling range of diesel fuel, and about another 12 wt% is in the gasoline boiling range. The results show that mixtures of fatty acids extracted from leather tanning wastes can be used for value-added products – in particular for the production of bio-based hydrocarbon fuel blendstock.</p>","PeriodicalId":55380,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels Bioproducts & Biorefining-Biofpr","volume":"18 5","pages":"1423-1436"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bbb.2632","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141340624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdelrahman O. Ezzat, Kingsley O. Iwuozor, Dhaifallah Al-Dhayan, Hamad A. Al-Lohedan, Kehinde Temitope Micheal, Ebuka Chizitere Emenike, Motunrayo R. Ogundana, Taiwo Temitayo Micheal, Ifeoluwa Peter Oyekunle, Hissah H. Al-Tilasi, Adewale George Adeniyi
{"title":"Effect of different exfoliation routes on the properties of chicken feather and elephant grass hybrid biochar","authors":"Abdelrahman O. Ezzat, Kingsley O. Iwuozor, Dhaifallah Al-Dhayan, Hamad A. Al-Lohedan, Kehinde Temitope Micheal, Ebuka Chizitere Emenike, Motunrayo R. Ogundana, Taiwo Temitayo Micheal, Ifeoluwa Peter Oyekunle, Hissah H. Al-Tilasi, Adewale George Adeniyi","doi":"10.1002/bbb.2642","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bbb.2642","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Liquid-phase exfoliation, a technique for enhancing the properties of biochar, has been recognized as effective, circumventing the limitations of other methods such as high expenses, scalability, and complexity. This study explored the synergistic effect achieved by combining chicken feathers with elephant grass to create a composite feedstock for biochar production. The biochar was subjected to liquid-phase exfoliation using acid and acetone. Elemental analysis indicated that the co-carbonization of the combined biomass produced an enriched hybrid biochar. The oxygen content in both exfoliation routes (acid and acetone) increased, with an increase and decrease in carbon content in acetone and acid exfoliation, respectively. Textural analysis revealed significant enhancement, with surface areas of the acid-exfoliated biochar more than twice the size of the hybrid biochar. The pore volume of both exfoliated samples was double that of the hybrid biochar. Microscopic surface examination revealed rougher, porous structures in the exfoliated biochars in comparison with the smooth, cohesive surface in hybrid biochar. Functional group analysis showed the presence of aromatic rings, a carbocyclic group, and an alkene, suggesting potential applications in adsorption. This study provides an efficient method for using liquid-phase exfoliation to enhance biochar properties, benefiting industries reliant on biochar production and biomass utilization by improving product quality, sustainability, and environmental impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":55380,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels Bioproducts & Biorefining-Biofpr","volume":"18 5","pages":"1511-1525"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141356168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Keren A. Vivas, Ramon E. Vera, Richard B. Phillips, Naycari Forfora, Ivana Azuaje, Kelly Zering, Hou-Min Chang, Jason Delborne, Daniel Saloni, Sudipta Dasmohapatra, Carla Barbieri, Richard A. Venditti, Ronald Marquez, Ronalds Gonzalez
{"title":"An economic analysis of bamboo plantations and feedstock delivered cost in the Southern US for the manufacturing of fiber-based bioproducts","authors":"Keren A. Vivas, Ramon E. Vera, Richard B. Phillips, Naycari Forfora, Ivana Azuaje, Kelly Zering, Hou-Min Chang, Jason Delborne, Daniel Saloni, Sudipta Dasmohapatra, Carla Barbieri, Richard A. Venditti, Ronald Marquez, Ronalds Gonzalez","doi":"10.1002/bbb.2634","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bbb.2634","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bamboo, recognized for its rapid growth, high yield, and fiber performance is prominent in the fiber-based bioproduct industry. However, the absence of US industrial bamboo plantations for fiber production necessitates reliance on imports or locally manufactured products using imported bamboo fibers, predominantly from China. This study evaluates the economic viability of cultivating bamboo in the Southern US for fiber production, with a case study on hygiene tissue products. The supply-chain analysis was assessed to calculate bamboo chips' minimum selling price (MSP) at the farm gate for an 8% internal rate of return (IRR). The MSP, influenced primarily by land rental costs, ranges from USD 48 to 55 per bone-dry metric ton (BDt). Despite an initial establishment cost of ~USD 2 000 ha<sup>−1</sup> and profitability by year 5, bamboo is a viable, long-term fiber alternative. Successful bamboo cultivation in the US could lead to a more sustainable implementation of alternative non-wood fibers for hygiene tissue applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":55380,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels Bioproducts & Biorefining-Biofpr","volume":"18 5","pages":"1455-1474"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bbb.2634","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141365856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taha Attarbachi, Martin Kingsley, Vincenzo Spallina
{"title":"Waste-derived low-grade glycerol purification and recovery from biorefineries: an experimental investigation","authors":"Taha Attarbachi, Martin Kingsley, Vincenzo Spallina","doi":"10.1002/bbb.2638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.2638","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A combination of different physio-chemical treatment steps was applied to purify industrially derived crude glycerol at laboratory scale. The full process included acid–base treatments, phase separation, and adsorption, and the glycerol purity and recovery were optimized by varying the pH during saponification and acidification, the solvent-to-glycerol ratio, and type of base used in the process to enhance both. The testing campaign resulted in a final purity of up to 87% wt starting from a very low-quality ‘end-of-life’ waste glycerol sampled from different refineries. The net glycerol recovery at laboratory scale reached 42% of the initial glycerol in the feedstock and the maximum ash removal exceeded 90% given the low quality of the feedstock and high content of impurities and the attempt to achieve high glycerol recovery. The experiment showed that mild operations such as saponification with KOH (pH of 8), acidification with H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> (pH of 6), an ideal 2-propanol to glycerol volume ratio equal to 3 and potassium hydroxide as a base for the neutralisation step were the optimum conditions despite the differences between samples. The sequence of the processes proposed was therefore considered a viable option to treat any kind of crude glycerol to make it profitable for fuel and chemical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":55380,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels Bioproducts & Biorefining-Biofpr","volume":"18 5","pages":"1475-1494"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bbb.2638","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142123341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fredrick Andrew Kapile, Akos Bereczky, Kristóf Lukács, Justin W. Ntalikwa, Thomas T. Kivevele
{"title":"Investigation of engine performance, exhaust emissions, and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with Adansonia digitata methyl ester doped with nanosilica additive extracted from agricultural waste","authors":"Fredrick Andrew Kapile, Akos Bereczky, Kristóf Lukács, Justin W. Ntalikwa, Thomas T. Kivevele","doi":"10.1002/bbb.2633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.2633","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recent studies have used nanoparticle additions to enhance the fuel properties of biodiesel. However, it is unclear how these additives would affect engine operation. The effects of commercial nanoadditives on engines have been the subject of several studies. The current study focuses on nanoparticles derived from agricultural waste – specifically rice husk (RH) – to enhance their value. This study therefore examined silica (SiO<sub>2</sub>) doped with <i>Adansonia digitata</i> methyl ester (ADME) and tested it in a diesel engine. All nanofuel blends were prepared using an ultrasonication process, incorporating 400 ppm of SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, fuels, and 1% surfactants. The results revealed that the brake thermal efficiencies (BTE) at maximum brake power (BP), for B20, B20 + SiO<sub>2</sub>, B100, and B100 + SiO<sub>2</sub> fuels, were 29.9%, 28.2%, 28.44%, and 27.1%, respectively. Brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) was also reduced when the engine ran from 4 to 16 kW BP. The exhaust gas temperature (EGT) of B100 and B100 + SiO<sub>2</sub> increased more than that of B20. The peak heat release rates (HRR) of the B100 + SiO<sub>2</sub> and B20 + SiO<sub>2</sub> were slightly higher by 2.9% and 2.6%, respectively than the neat B100 at medium BP. However, in-cylinder gas pressure (CGP) increased in the following order: B20 + SiO<sub>2</sub> < B20 < B100 < B100 + SiO<sub>2</sub> < B0. Moreover, the exhaust emissions of nanofuel blends showed a greater reduction in CO, total hydrocarbon (THC), CO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>X</sub>, and particulate matter (PM) in comparison with B20 and B100. Overall, this study recommends that SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoadditive is a beneficial substitute fuel additive to use with biodiesel and its blends due to enhanced engine performance efficiency and reduced emissions.</p>","PeriodicalId":55380,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels Bioproducts & Biorefining-Biofpr","volume":"18 5","pages":"1437-1454"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142123339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A review of the co-liquefaction of biomass feedstocks and plastic wastes for biofuel production","authors":"Hope Baloyi, Bilal Patel","doi":"10.1002/bbb.2641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.2641","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Interest has emerged recently in addressing the long-standing issue of waste plastic disposal and environmental challenges through the co-liquefaction of waste plastics with eco-friendly renewable biomass resources, including microalgae biomass and lignocellulosic biomass, to produce biofuels. Co-liquefaction provides a viable alternative for managing plastic waste while contributing to biofuel production. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the advances in the co-liquefaction of various mixtures of plastic waste and different types of biomass feedstocks (lignocellulosic and algal) for the production of biofuels.</p><p>The influence of various reaction parameters, such as feedstock composition (blending ratio), temperature, catalyst type and loading, solvents, and reaction time on the product yield are explored. The synergistic interaction during the co-liquefaction of biomass and plastic and the distribution and properties of biofuel products are also discussed.</p><p>The findings demonstrate that maximum product yields vary depending on the final temperature, and the blending ratio plays a crucial role in determining the distribution of liquefaction products. Of particular interest is biocrude oil, the components of which are influenced by the composition of the feedstock material. The distribution of organic elements in the biochar is contingent upon the type of plastic used. Although the analysis of gas-phase components is often overlooked, the reaction medium's composition is shown to impact the resulting gas composition.</p><p>Finally, based on the insights gleaned from the literature, this review presents future perspectives on the subject matter. In general, the co-liquefaction process offers a viable option for sustainable biofuel production and is a promising approach to address the waste plastics disposal challenges effectively, contributing to the valorization of plastic waste to achieve a circular bioeconomy in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":55380,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels Bioproducts & Biorefining-Biofpr","volume":"18 5","pages":"1799-1820"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bbb.2641","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142123411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Saccharification and structural changes in Areca catechu husk fiber","authors":"Harsh Vardhan, Soumya Sasmal, Kaustubha Mohanty","doi":"10.1002/bbb.2640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.2640","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Areca nut husk (ANH) holds promise as a viable biomass source for xylose production. Xylose is a precursor for various biochemicals. However, the recalcitrant nature of ANH makes saccharification more complex. To address this, lime and acid pretreatments were carried out to enhance the susceptibility of biomass to saccharification. Before this, a compositional analysis was conducted to determine the initial constituents of the feedstock. Saccharification was conducted under the following conditions: 2% (wV<sup>−1</sup>) substrate loading, 100 rpm agitation, and 30 °C hydrolysis temperature for 12 h hydrolysis time at pH 4.5 to 5.0. However, parameters like xylanase enzyme loading were varied to enhance the saccharification of the ANH. The results demonstrated that acid-treated husk (ATH), lime-treated husk (LTH), and raw husk (RH) achieved the highest yield (gg<sup>−1</sup>) of reducing sugar, approximately 90, 83, and 15%, respectively, at an enzyme loading of 15.0 IUg<sup>−1</sup>. Various analytical techniques, including Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used to examine structural changes in the native, pretreated, and saccharified residues of ANH. The analysis revealed that a significant amount of partial crystalline and amorphous cellulose in the ANH biomass was hydrolyzed during the saccharification process. However, saccharification also led to the removal of amorphous substances, disruption of the crystalline structure, and conversion of crystalline regions into amorphous domains.</p>","PeriodicalId":55380,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels Bioproducts & Biorefining-Biofpr","volume":"18 5","pages":"1495-1510"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142123410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yogita Sharma, Gajendra Pal Singh, Chandra Pal Singh
{"title":"Biorefinery potential of Dunaliella (Chlorophyta) for production of value-added compounds","authors":"Yogita Sharma, Gajendra Pal Singh, Chandra Pal Singh","doi":"10.1002/bbb.2635","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bbb.2635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Dunaliella</i> functions as a microscopic bioindustry that can capture atmospheric carbon dioxide and amass it into a range of economically viable compounds. <i>Dunaliella</i>-based biorefineries have emerged as sustainable platforms for fostering a green economy and reducing carbon emissions. <i>Dunaliella</i>-derived value-added compounds are commercially important due to their application in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical, and nutraceutical sectors. The present study highlights the economic application of different <i>Dunaliella</i> species and the available sustainable technologies for the cultivation, harvesting, and extraction of bioactive compounds that have the potential for commercial scaleup. Their incorporation into biorefinery processes can reduce dependency on energy-intensive and low-yield processes.</p><p>This review briefly discusses the technoeconomic analysis (TEA) of <i>Dunaliella</i>-driven industrial approaches for the optimization of effective yield and determination of final production costs. The major algal biorefineries are operational in countries like Australia, China, India, Israel, Japan, Portugal, Spain and the USA. The authors have comprehensively deliberated different aspects of <i>Dunaliella</i> from physiological to industrial applications, meanwhile underscoring the existing knowledge gaps that impede the success of <i>Dunaliella</i> biorefineries. The current industrial methods being employed for biorefineries are limited to producing individual bioproducts, which may not be fully cost effective, making them less competitive in the global market. However, the analysis carried out can serve as a starting point and can guide stakeholders towards the future direction of <i>Dunaliella</i>-based research and the circular bioeconomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":55380,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels Bioproducts & Biorefining-Biofpr","volume":"18 5","pages":"1755-1781"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141105031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comprehensive review of hydrothermal liquefaction data for use in machine-learning models","authors":"Geert Haarlemmer, Lucie Matricon, Anne Roubaud","doi":"10.1002/bbb.2637","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bbb.2637","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hydrothermal liquefaction is a new, sustainable pathway to generate biogenic liquids from organic resources. The technology is compatible with a wide variety of resources such as lignocellulosic resources, organic waste, algae, and sewage sludge. The chemistry is complex and predictions of yields are notoriously difficult. Understanding and modeling of hydrothermal liquefaction is currently mostly based on a simplified biochemical analysis and product yield data. This paper presents a large dataset of 2439 experiments in batch reactors that were extracted from 171 publications in the scientific literature. The data include biochemical composition data such as fiber content and composition, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and ash. The experimental conditions are recorded for each experiment as well as the reported yields. The objective of this paper is to make a large database available to the scientific community. This database is analyzed with machine-learning tools. The results show that there is no consensus on the analysis techniques, experimental procedures, and reported data. There are many inconsistencies across the literature that should be improved by the scientific community. Machine-learning tools with a large dataset allow the generation of reliable yield production tools with a large application field. Given the accuracy of the data, the overall precision of prediction in an extrapolation to new results can be expected to be around 10%.</p>","PeriodicalId":55380,"journal":{"name":"Biofuels Bioproducts & Biorefining-Biofpr","volume":"18 5","pages":"1782-1798"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bbb.2637","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141117977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}