Biological Cybernetics最新文献

{"title":"Extreme image transformations affect humans and machines differently.","authors":"Girik Malik,&nbsp;Dakarai Crowder,&nbsp;Ennio Mingolla","doi":"10.1007/s00422-023-00968-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00422-023-00968-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Some recent artificial neural networks (ANNs) claim to model aspects of primate neural and human performance data. Their success in object recognition is, however, dependent on exploiting low-level features for solving visual tasks in a way that humans do not. As a result, out-of-distribution or adversarial input is often challenging for ANNs. Humans instead learn abstract patterns and are mostly unaffected by many extreme image distortions. We introduce a set of novel image transforms inspired by neurophysiological findings and evaluate humans and ANNs on an object recognition task. We show that machines perform better than humans for certain transforms and struggle to perform at par with humans on others that are easy for humans. We quantify the differences in accuracy for humans and machines and find a ranking of difficulty for our transforms for human data. We also suggest how certain characteristics of human visual processing can be adapted to improve the performance of ANNs for our difficult-for-machines transforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":55374,"journal":{"name":"Biological Cybernetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10600046/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9622333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Bcm rule allows a spinal cord model to learn rhythmic movements.","authors":"Matthias Kohler,&nbsp;Florian Röhrbein,&nbsp;Alois Knoll,&nbsp;Alin Albu-Schäffer,&nbsp;Henrik Jörntell","doi":"10.1007/s00422-023-00970-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00422-023-00970-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, it is accepted that animal locomotion is controlled by a central pattern generator in the spinal cord. Experiments and models show that rhythm generating neurons and genetically determined network properties could sustain oscillatory output activity suitable for locomotion. However, current central pattern generator models do not explain how a spinal cord circuitry, which has the same basic genetic plan across species, can adapt to control the different biomechanical properties and locomotion patterns existing in these species. Here we demonstrate that rhythmic and alternating movements in pendulum models can be learned by a monolayer spinal cord circuitry model using the Bienenstock-Cooper-Munro learning rule, which has been previously proposed to explain learning in the visual cortex. These results provide an alternative theory to central pattern generator models, because rhythm generating neurons and genetically defined connectivity are not required in our model. Though our results are not in contradiction to current models, as existing neural mechanism and structures, not used in our model, can be expected to facilitate the kind of learning demonstrated here. Therefore, our model could be used to augment existing models.</p>","PeriodicalId":55374,"journal":{"name":"Biological Cybernetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10600281/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10078177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward metacognition: subject-aware contrastive deep fusion representation learning for EEG analysis.","authors":"Michael Briden,&nbsp;Narges Norouzi","doi":"10.1007/s00422-023-00967-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00422-023-00967-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We propose a subject-aware contrastive learning deep fusion neural network framework for effectively classifying subjects' confidence levels in the perception of visual stimuli. The framework, called WaveFusion, is composed of lightweight convolutional neural networks for per-lead time-frequency analysis and an attention network for integrating the lightweight modalities for final prediction. To facilitate the training of WaveFusion, we incorporate a subject-aware contrastive learning approach by taking advantage of the heterogeneity within a multi-subject electroencephalogram dataset to boost representation learning and classification accuracy. The WaveFusion framework demonstrates high accuracy in classifying confidence levels by achieving a classification accuracy of 95.7% while also identifying influential brain regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":55374,"journal":{"name":"Biological Cybernetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10600301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10106597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teaching Method In Writing Descriptive Text (A Descriptive Study at the Seventh Grade Students of Thammislam Foundation School Academic Year 2023)","authors":"Fahri Akbar, Pirman Ginting","doi":"10.51178/cjerss.v4i3.1521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51178/cjerss.v4i3.1521","url":null,"abstract":"&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; This study investigates the instructional approach English teachers employ in teaching descriptive writing to seventh-grade students at Thammislam Foundation School during the Academic Year 2023. What challenges does the English teacher encounter when instructing seventh-grade students at Thammislam Foundation School during the Academic Year 2023 in the area of writing descriptive texts? The research objectives are categorized into three distinct areas: writing, descriptive text, and the instructional methods employed by English teachers. The present study employed a descriptive qualitative research design. The researcher assumed the role of a non-participant observer. The researcher conducted three observations in a seventh-grade classroom and interviewed with an English teacher to gather information about the instructional methods employed in teaching descriptive writing. The observed population comprises 28 students enrolled in the seventh grade at Thammislam Foundation School during the academic year of 2023. The data collection instruments employed in this study encompassed observation, interviews, and the examination of relevant study documents, including modules, student worksheets, and curriculum materials. The researcher employed a three-step process to analyze the data. The three main components of the research process include data reduction, data display, and conclusion verification. Researchers employ triangulation as a means to enhance the trustworthiness of the data. The research findings indicate that the activities conducted by the teacher during the initial and subsequent meetings were consistent with the principles and framework of task-based language teaching. Implementing task-based language teaching in a classroom typically involves three distinct stages: the pre-task stage, the task cycle, and the language focus stage. The challenges encountered by the student included a limited vocabulary and a need for more proficiency in selecting appropriate verbs for constructing sentences. The instructor assigned exercises to enhance the students' vocabulary and proficiency in selecting the appropriate verb for each sentence. The models used for the tasks were evaluated based on their ability to match the given criteria accurately. In addition, the instructor employed a systematic approach to facilitate comprehension among the students, particularly in the context of composing descriptive texts.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;","PeriodicalId":55374,"journal":{"name":"Biological Cybernetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135255768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Communication Barriers Between EFL Indonesian Teachers and EFL Learners in Thammislam Foundation School, Thailand","authors":"Viga Kumala, Pirman Ginting","doi":"10.51178/cjerss.v4i3.1508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51178/cjerss.v4i3.1508","url":null,"abstract":"English communication barriers are a circumstance that EFL learners frequently experience. This problem is not limited to situations, people and time. The educational field is not an exception, furthermore, here is where the basis for English language learning for EFL students is formed. Lack of communication is nothing new felt by both sides. In regard to that topic, this research presents the communication barrier issue, which the writer, an EFL teacher, observed and encountered toward EFL learners when carrying out teaching and learning activities at Thammislam Foundation School in Thailand. This study aims to identify the various categories of issues that arise when interacting using English and to provide solutions or suggestions to these problems which are expected to help in the future event. The data of this study were collected in two ways, using a questionnaire and doing an interview with a total of 13 participants. The result indicates that the Disinterest factor shows up as the highest that caused communication barriers with a percentage of 22.3% while the Sosio-attitudinal factor is the lowest with a percentage of 19%.","PeriodicalId":55374,"journal":{"name":"Biological Cybernetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134972044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-organizing maps on \"what-where\" codes towards fully unsupervised classification.","authors":"Luis Sa-Couto,&nbsp;Andreas Wichert","doi":"10.1007/s00422-023-00963-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00422-023-00963-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interest in unsupervised learning architectures has been rising. Besides being biologically unnatural, it is costly to depend on large labeled data sets to get a well-performing classification system. Therefore, both the deep learning community and the more biologically-inspired models community have focused on proposing unsupervised techniques that can produce adequate hidden representations which can then be fed to a simpler supervised classifier. Despite great success with this approach, an ultimate dependence on a supervised model remains, which forces the number of classes to be known beforehand, and makes the system depend on labels to extract concepts. To overcome this limitation, recent work has been proposed that shows how a self-organizing map (SOM) can be used as a completely unsupervised classifier. However, to achieve success it required deep learning techniques to generate high quality embeddings. The purpose of this work is to show that we can use our previously proposed What-Where encoder in tandem with the SOM to get an end-to-end unsupervised system that is Hebbian. Such system, requires no labels to train nor does it require knowledge of which classes exist beforehand. It can be trained online and adapt to new classes that may emerge. As in the original work, we use the MNIST data set to run an experimental analysis and verify that the system achieves similar accuracies to the best ones reported thus far. Furthermore, we extend the analysis to the more difficult Fashion-MNIST problem and conclude that the system still performs.</p>","PeriodicalId":55374,"journal":{"name":"Biological Cybernetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10258173/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9616983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How aggressive interactions with biomimetic agents optimize reproductive performances in mass-reared males of the Mediterranean fruit fly.","authors":"Donato Romano,&nbsp;Giovanni Benelli,&nbsp;Cesare Stefanini","doi":"10.1007/s00422-023-00965-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00422-023-00965-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mass-rearing procedures of insect species, often used in biological control and Sterile Insect Technique, can reduce the insects competitiveness in foraging, dispersal, and mating. The evocation of certain behaviours responsible to induce specific neuroendocrine products may restore or improve the competitiveness of mass-reared individuals. Herein, we used a mass-reared strain of Ceratitis capitata as model organism. C. capitata is a polyphagous pest exhibiting territorial displays that are closely related to its reproductive performance. We tested if the behaviour of C. capitata males could be altered by hybrid aggressive interactions with a conspecific-mimicking robotic fly, leading to more competitive individuals in subsequent mating events. Aggressive interactions with the robotic fly had a notable effect on subsequent courtship and mating sequences of males that performed longer courtship displays compared to naïve individuals. Furthermore, previous interactions with the robotic fly produced a higher mating success of males. Reproductive performances of C. capitata males may be improved by specific octopaminergic neurones activated during previous aggressive interactions with the robotic fly. This study adds fundamental knowledge on the potential role of specific neuro-behavioural processes in the ecology of tephritid species and paves the way to innovative biotechnological control methods based on robotics and bionics.</p>","PeriodicalId":55374,"journal":{"name":"Biological Cybernetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10258181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9679434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixed [Formula: see text]-synthesis tracking control and disturbance rejection in a robotic digit of an impaired human hand for anthropomorphic coordination.","authors":"Maryam Iqbal,&nbsp;Junaid Imtiaz,&nbsp;Asif Mahmood Mughal","doi":"10.1007/s00422-023-00964-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00422-023-00964-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a partially impaired anthropomorphic hand, maintaining the movement coordination of the robotic digits with the central nervous system (CNS) and natural digits is crucial for robust performance. A challenge in the control perspective of movement coordination of a human hand is finding methods robust to the disturbances in a well-posed control problem of a biomechanical model. We use visco-elastic dynamics in the human palm frame of reference to explore the biomechanics of movement coordination to solve this control problem. Our biomechanical model incorporates the time delay due to actuation force, parametric uncertainty, exogenous disturbances, and sensory noise to constitute a 21-degree of freedom model. A mixed [Formula: see text]-synthesis controller, considering the real parametric uncertainty, represents the CNS in the control paradigm. We consider the robotic finger's flexion movement when perturbed from the initial equilibrium. The controller provides feedback force at the joints to regulate the robotic finger movement. The index finger follows a reference trajectory of the joint angular position profile and stabilizes at a flexion angle of 1 rad/s at a time of 1 s. The main control objective is to keep the angular displacement of the finger joint constant when a disturbance force acts. We simulate the modeling scheme in MATLAB/ Simulink. The results demonstrate that our controller scheme is robust against the worst-case disturbance and achieves the desired performance value. Developing a biologically inspired neurophysiological controller with robust performance has many applications, including assistive rehabilitation devices, hand movement disorder diagnosis, and robotic manipulators.</p>","PeriodicalId":55374,"journal":{"name":"Biological Cybernetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9981297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validating models of sensory conflict and perception for motion sickness prediction.","authors":"Tugrul Irmak,&nbsp;Daan M Pool,&nbsp;Ksander N de Winkel,&nbsp;Riender Happee","doi":"10.1007/s00422-023-00959-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00422-023-00959-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human motion perception system has long been linked to motion sickness through state estimation conflict terms. However, to date, the extent to which available perception models are able to predict motion sickness, or which of the employed perceptual mechanisms are of most relevance to sickness prediction, has not been studied. In this study, the subjective vertical model, the multi-sensory observer model and the probabilistic particle filter model were all validated for their ability to predict motion perception and sickness, across a large set of motion paradigms of varying complexity from literature. It was found that even though the models provided a good match for the perception paradigms studied, they could not be made to capture the full range of motion sickness observations. The resolution of the gravito-inertial ambiguity has been identified to require further attention, as key model parameters selected to match perception data did not optimally match motion sickness data. Two additional mechanisms that may enable better future predictive models of sickness have, however, been identified. Firstly, active estimation of the magnitude of gravity appears to be instrumental for predicting motion sickness induced by vertical accelerations. Secondly, the model analysis showed that the influence of the semicircular canals on the somatogravic effect may explain the differences in the dynamics observed for motion sickness induced by vertical and horizontal plane accelerations.</p>","PeriodicalId":55374,"journal":{"name":"Biological Cybernetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10258185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9980139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-dimensional models of single neurons: a review.","authors":"Ulises Chialva,&nbsp;Vicente González Boscá,&nbsp;Horacio G Rotstein","doi":"10.1007/s00422-023-00960-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00422-023-00960-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The classical Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) point-neuron model of action potential generation is four-dimensional. It consists of four ordinary differential equations describing the dynamics of the membrane potential and three gating variables associated to a transient sodium and a delayed-rectifier potassium ionic currents. Conductance-based models of HH type are higher-dimensional extensions of the classical HH model. They include a number of supplementary state variables associated with other ionic current types, and are able to describe additional phenomena such as subthreshold oscillations, mixed-mode oscillations (subthreshold oscillations interspersed with spikes), clustering and bursting. In this manuscript we discuss biophysically plausible and phenomenological reduced models that preserve the biophysical and/or dynamic description of models of HH type and the ability to produce complex phenomena, but the number of effective dimensions (state variables) is lower. We describe several representative models. We also describe systematic and heuristic methods of deriving reduced models from models of HH type.</p>","PeriodicalId":55374,"journal":{"name":"Biological Cybernetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9980159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}