Biological Cybernetics最新文献

{"title":"A power-law tailed movement created by trajectory retracing.","authors":"Tomoko Sakiyama","doi":"10.1007/s00422-026-01059-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00422-026-01059-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tracing specific trajectories allows a walker to revisit previous locations. However, how such local memory-based rules influence large-scale movement patterns remains unclear. In this paper, we propose a single walker model that explores a two-dimensional lattice field and uses a limited directional memory that causes the walker to revisit previously encountered positions while sometimes maintaining long persistent movements. Simulation experiments reveal that our model exhibits a Lévy walk pattern through retracing based on recently experienced movement directions. Importantly, diffusiveness is likely to decrease if the memory length of walkers increases, suggesting that the walker can generate complex movement patterns using a limited directional memory.</p>","PeriodicalId":55374,"journal":{"name":"Biological Cybernetics","volume":"120 5-6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148820341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscle-level evaluation of the minimum muscle-stress-change model in human three-joint reaching using anatomically expanded arm models.","authors":"Masazumi Katayama","doi":"10.1007/s00422-026-01056-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00422-026-01056-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined whether muscle-level optimization can account for both arm movements and muscle recruitment in planar three-joint reaching. To extend previous movement-level analyses based on simplified musculoskeletal representations, anatomically detailed three-joint arm models comprising 19-26 muscles with nonlinear, joint-angle-dependent moment arms were used. This extension enabled direct evaluation of whether muscle-level computational models can resolve highly redundant muscle-tension distributions. The reaching task was designed with eight directions at <math><msup><mtext>45</mtext> <mo>∘</mo></msup> </math> intervals in the horizontal plane, allowing evaluation with reduced directional bias. Several computational models were compared, with particular emphasis on the minimum muscle-stress-change (MSC) framework. The quadratic <math><msub><mtext>MSC</mtext> <mn>2</mn></msub> </math> , cubic <math><msub><mtext>MSC</mtext> <mn>3</mn></msub> </math> , and minimum muscle-tension-change (MTC) models reproduced the measured arm movements reasonably well; among the muscle-level models, <math><msub><mtext>MSC</mtext> <mn>2</mn></msub> </math> provided the most accurate predictions, particularly for arm posture and the direction-dependent wrist-joint contribution. This level of accuracy justified evaluation of the predicted muscle-recruitment patterns. The MSC framework preferentially recruited muscles with larger physiological cross-sectional areas and avoided excessive loading of thinner muscles, whereas the MTC model was more strongly influenced by moment-arm values and sometimes assigned relatively large tensions to thinner muscles. The <math><msub><mtext>MSC</mtext> <mn>3</mn></msub> </math> model recruited nearly all muscles in the 26-muscle expanded arm model but showed slightly lower movement-reproduction accuracy than the <math><msub><mtext>MSC</mtext> <mn>2</mn></msub> </math> model. Thus, <math><msub><mtext>MSC</mtext> <mn>2</mn></msub> </math> provided a balanced account of task-space behavior, joint-space coordination, and muscle recruitment. These findings extend muscle-stress-based optimization from movement reproduction to physiologically interpretable recruitment prediction and suggest that synergy-like cooperative patterns can emerge from anatomical constraints and stress-based optimization.</p>","PeriodicalId":55374,"journal":{"name":"Biological Cybernetics","volume":"120 5-6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13499790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148802169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of spiking motifs of arbitrary length in neural activity using bounded synaptic delays.","authors":"Thomas Kronland-Martinet, Stéphane Viollet, Laurent U Perrinet","doi":"10.1007/s00422-026-01051-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00422-026-01051-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the context of spiking neural networks, the temporal coding hypothesis is increasingly preferred over the rate coding hypothesis due to its advantages in processing speed and energy efficiency. In temporal coding, synaptic delays are crucial for processing signals with precise spike timings, known as spiking motifs. Synaptic delays are however bounded in the brain and can thus be shorter than the duration of a motif. This prevents the use of motif recognition methods that consist of setting heterogeneous delays to synchronize the input spikes on a single output neuron acting as a coincidence detector. To address this issue, we developed a method to detect motifs of arbitrary length using a sequence of output neurons connected to input neurons by bounded synaptic delays. Each output neuron is associated with a sub-motif of bounded duration. A motif is recognized if all sub-motifs are sequentially detected by the output neurons. We simulated this network using leaky integrate-and-fire neurons and tested it on the spiking heidelberg digits (SHD) database, that is, on audio data converted to spikes via a cochlear model, as well as on random simultaneous motifs. The results demonstrate that the network can effectively recognize motifs of arbitrary length extracted from the SHD database. Our method features a correct detection rate of about 60% in presence of ten simultaneous motifs from the SHD dataset and up to 80% for five motifs, showing the robustness of the network to noise. Results on random overlapping patterns show that the recognition of a single motif overlapping with other motifs is most effective for a large number of input neurons and sparser motifs. Our method provides a foundation for more general models for the storage and retrieval of neural information of arbitrary temporal lengths.</p>","PeriodicalId":55374,"journal":{"name":"Biological Cybernetics","volume":"120 5-6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148766517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note: Bond graph analysis of a three-link physiological motor control system: integrating simulation and muscle behavior.","authors":"Armeen Saeed, Nadia Sultan, Najam-Ul-Islam Muhammad, A M Mughal","doi":"10.1007/s00422-026-01057-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00422-026-01057-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55374,"journal":{"name":"Biological Cybernetics","volume":"120 5-6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148765718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure-preserving Koopman predictive control for memristive neural dynamics: input-exact and commutator-defect lifting.","authors":"XuJiang Tang, QiongLin Li","doi":"10.1007/s00422-026-01054-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00422-026-01054-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Finite-dimensional Koopman MPC for nonlinear controlled systems requires care when a learned LTI lift is used as a finite-horizon surrogate. We recast the memristive Hindmarsh-Rose benchmark through an input-exact Lie-lifting certificate. Because the stimulation vector field is <math><mrow><mi>g</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub><mi>e</mi> <mn>1</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> , the augmented polynomial dictionary is closed under <math><msub><mi>L</mi> <mi>g</mi></msub> </math> ; the pure stimulation flow is represented exactly by a nilpotent matrix exponential. Moreover, the drift-input commutator cascade terminates after three input commutators, so the controlled Koopman error can be written as a finite shifted-drift defect rather than an uncontrolled truncation heuristic. The resulting theory supports a bilinear, stimulation-aligned surrogate and places the affine EDMDc-MPC implementation in a conservative finite-horizon deterministic setting. Paired comparisons with Hermite and SINDy polynomial baselines, controlled-pulse prediction, measurement-noise stress tests, and affine-versus-bilinear Lie-MPC evaluations show that the bilinear Lie model gives the lowest controlled-prediction error, closed-loop RMSE, and control energy in the deterministic benchmark.</p>","PeriodicalId":55374,"journal":{"name":"Biological Cybernetics","volume":"120 5-6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148708565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A quality measure for repeating multiple-unit spike patterns.","authors":"Günther Palm, Monica Paoletti, Junji Ito, Alessandra Stella, Sonja Grün","doi":"10.1007/s00422-026-01048-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00422-026-01048-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We propose a quality measure for spatio-temporal spike patterns (STPs) in multiple-neuron recordings. In such recordings, repeating STPs or pattern repetitions (PRs) are often found, with many of these generated by chance. To rule those out, statistical tests have been developed to discriminate the unlikely from the more likely PRs. This statistical problem is complicated by the fact that there are several obvious quality criteria for a PR, such as the size (the number of spikes) of the pattern and the number of its occurrences. Here, we propose a canonical way of combining several criteria (which we collect in the so-called signature of the pattern) into a single quality measure, based on the 'unlikeliness' of the pattern. This measure is defined mathematically, and a formula for its computation is derived for stationary spike trains. It can be used to compare PRs. Since spike trains are not stationary in practice, we discuss, for two experimental data sets, how well the stationary formula correlates with the defined quality measure as determined from simulations. Sometimes the calculated values are far off, but one can still use the stationary formula or also some simpler, related formulas as 'proxies' for the quality, to compare PRs and also for statistical tests that avoid the multiple testing problem incurred by using several quality criteria. Based on our results, we propose a few test statistics, i.e., random variables on the space of multi-unit spike trains with an appropriate null-hypothesis distribution, to evaluate STPs with less computational and sampling efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":55374,"journal":{"name":"Biological Cybernetics","volume":"120 5-6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13451522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148686845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasible cognition requires latent state.","authors":"Ian S Howard","doi":"10.1007/s00422-026-01055-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00422-026-01055-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intelligent behavior across motor control, speech production, learning, and social cognition operates under uncertainty: sensory feedback is noisy and delayed, actions are imprecise, and observable outcomes often have ambiguous causes. When multiple latent states generate identical or sufficiently similar observations, regulation, learning, and evaluation based on behavior alone become underdetermined. We argue that inference over latent state is therefore a feasibility condition for cognition under partial observability, rather than merely a modeling convenience. Observable signals-movements, sensory inputs, speech outputs, and social actions-should be understood as noisy evidence about hidden causes, including motor state, articulatory configuration, task context, and intentions. This perspective suggests that separate psychological literatures share a common control-theoretic structure: regulation under noise, delay, ambiguity, and partial observability. It also helps explain why diverse domains exhibit robustness, tolerance of variability, context sensitivity, and structured credit assignment. These properties arise from regulation of inferred, task-relevant state, rather than precise control of observable behavior. The account is not proposed as a replacement for belief-state, internal-model, predictive-coding, or active-inference approaches, but as a cross-domain feasibility argument: latent-state representations support control, learning, and evaluation only when task-relevant hidden distinctions are detectable from observations and stabilizable or actionable. Cognition, from this view, depends on latent state estimates that render behavior, learning, and evaluation well-defined under uncertainty.</p>","PeriodicalId":55374,"journal":{"name":"Biological Cybernetics","volume":"120 5-6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148681153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Golden Ratio and Cybernetic Aesthetics for Hidden Patterns in Repetitive Human Movements: Golden-faux-sinus as a Two-Dimensional Optimization Model.","authors":"Cristiano Maria Verrelli, Lucio Caprioli, Cristian Romagnoli, Mohamed El Arayshi, Maciej Ryszczuk, Marco Iosa","doi":"10.1007/s00422-026-01050-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00422-026-01050-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is not easy to measure the amount of information within an object that is capable of leading to aesthetics-based feelings in a viewer, especially because of a subjective variability of human perception. Cybernetic aesthetics, for its part, might provide a rational way for understanding such a human phenomenon at least in special cases. Now, cyclic human movements - not only gait cycles, but also swimming strokes and tennis forehand strokes - were found, with their given internal sub-phases, to be characterized, from a temporal point of view, by the existence of coordinatively mechanized and self-similar harmonic fractal patterns. Such harmonic patterns were specifically found to be symmetrized in time so as to compose a generalized Fibonacci sequence and then implicitly dictated by the golden ratio, when it occurs as the ratio of the resulting sub-phases durations. The lowest amount of information for the movement temporal design (Shannon entropy minimization, SEM) makes one sub-phase duration of the movement temporally generate an entire sequence of sub-phase durations of the same movement. However, different spatial profiles can correspond to identical temporal partitions, suggesting the presence of an additional optimization principle that acts within the spatial domain. The original contribution of this paper consists of unveiling what is beyond the aforementioned temporal characterization, revealing the existence of a possible cyclic movement attractor, named golden faux sinus, which is based on a spatial smooth sewing of zero-jerk portions. This might suggest how the neuromuscular system organizes complex repetitive movements and how information processing is exploited into a sub-movement generation architecture. The resulting hidden patterns are the ones that might be caught by a viewer, who is able to concentrate separately on different categories of meaning. Experiments concerning young healthy walking subjects, as well as ATP-WTA top-level tennis players during some of the latest strongest moments of their career, illustrate the effectiveness of the presented derivations.</p>","PeriodicalId":55374,"journal":{"name":"Biological Cybernetics","volume":"120 3-4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13427806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148632839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency-dependent coupling in response to oscillatory inputs in minimal networks of electrically coupled nodes: Gap junction networks and spatially extended neurons.","authors":"Andrea Bel, Ulises Chialva, Horacio G Rotstein","doi":"10.1007/s00422-026-01047-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00422-026-01047-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In electrically coupled networks, the coupling coefficient (CC) quantifies the strength of the connectivity between pairs of nodes. The CC is typically measured by computing the relative stationary responses to constant inputs of the indirectly activated (post-J) and the directly activated (pre-J) nodes. The natural extension of the CC to time-dependent inputs is frequency-dependent and has two components reflecting the contributions of the amplitude and phase frequency-dependent profiles (curves of these quantities as a function of the frequency <math><mi>f</mi></math> ) of the participating nodes: the quotient of amplitudes <math><mrow><mi>K</mi> <mo>(</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo>)</mo></mrow> </math> and the phase-difference <math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi> <mi>Φ</mi> <mo>(</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo>)</mo></mrow> </math> profiles. The properties and mechanisms of generation of these frequency-dependent CCs (FD-CCs) are largely unknown beyond electrically coupled passive cells and their electrical linear circuit equivalents. For passive cells, <math><mrow><mi>K</mi> <mo>(</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo>)</mo></mrow> </math> is monotonically decreasing (low-pass filter) and <math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi> <mi>Φ</mi> <mo>(</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo>)</mo></mrow> </math> is monotonically increasing and positive. Moreover, for linear systems, the FD-CCs depend on the properties of the post-J cell and the connectivity and are independent of the properties of the pre-J cell and the input amplitude. It remains largely unclear how the FD-CCs are shaped by the presence of (i) intrinsic cellular positive and negative feedback currents (resonance and amplification), and (ii) cellular nonlinearities that incorporates the dependence of the FD-CC on the post-J node in addition to the pre-J one. In this paper we address these issues by using biophysically plausible (conductance-based) mathematical modeling, numerical simulations, analytical calculations and dynamical systems tools. We conduct a systematic analysis of the properties of the FD-CC profiles in networks of two electrically connected nodes receiving oscillatory inputs, which is the minimal network architecture that allows for a systematic study of the biophysical and dynamic mechanisms that shape the FD-CC profiles. The participating neurons are either passive cells (low-pass filters) or resonators (band-pass filter) and exhibit lagging or mixed leading-lagging phase responses as the input frequency increases. The formalism and tools we develop and use in this paper are amenable to be extended to larger networks with an arbitrary number of nodes, to spatially extended multicompartment neuronal models, and to neurons having a variety of ionic currents.</p>","PeriodicalId":55374,"journal":{"name":"Biological Cybernetics","volume":"120 3-4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13395867/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148563725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying spike train synchrony and directionality: Measures and Applications.","authors":"Thomas Kreuz","doi":"10.1007/s00422-026-01045-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00422-026-01045-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>By introducing the twin concepts of reliability and precision along with the corresponding measures, Mainen and Sejnowski's seminal 1995 paper \"Reliability of spike timing in neocortical neurons\" (Mainen and Sejnowski 1995) paved the way for a new kind of quantitative spike train analysis. In subsequent years a host of new methods was introduced that measured both the synchrony among neuronal spike trains and the directional component, e.g. how activity propogates between neurons. This development culminated with a new class of measures that are both time scale independent and time resolved. These include the two spike train distances ISI- and SPIKE-Distance as well as the coincidence detector SPIKE-Synchronization and its directional companions SPIKE-Order and Spike Train Order. This contribution to the special issue will not only review all of these measures but also include two recently proposed algorithms for latency correction which build on Spike Train Order and aim to optimize the spike time alignment of sparse spike trains with well-defined global spiking events. For the sake of clarity, all these methods will be illustrated on artificially generated data but in each case exemplary applications to real neuronal data will be described as well.</p>","PeriodicalId":55374,"journal":{"name":"Biological Cybernetics","volume":"120 3-4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13364812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148431536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}