Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy最新文献_第6页

In-field prevalence of resistant grain aphid Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) 抗粮蚜的田间流行情况

IF 0.7 4区环境科学与生态学

Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3318/bioe.2020.05

L. Walsh, O. Schmidt, M. Williamson, M. Gaffney

{"title":"In-field prevalence of resistant grain aphid Sitobion avenae (Fabricius)","authors":"L. Walsh, O. Schmidt, M. Williamson, M. Gaffney","doi":"10.3318/bioe.2020.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/bioe.2020.05","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:A concerning development for Irish agriculture is the detection of partial resistance in the main aphid pest (Sitobion avenae) of cereal crops to the most widely used pyrethroid insecticide compound. The mechanism of this resistance, termed ‘knockdown resistance’ (kdr), affects pyrethroid binding and enables S. avenae to survive insecticide exposure. This partial resistance to insecticide means that S . avenae can continue to inflict feeding damage and transmit barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), which may carry a significant yield penalty. The incidence and persistence of resistant S. avenae in the Irish population is currently unknown. To address this knowledge gap, in-field sampling of S. avenae was carried out from 2016 to 2018 in the 11 major cereal-growing counties, and 621 cases of S. avenae were screened. Genotyping was used to screen S. avenae for kdr and to determine the diversity of clones in the resistant and susceptible genotypes, thus testing the hypothesis of resistance in a single dominant super-clone. The data were statistically analysed to determine annual variation in resistance levels. Findings revealed that resistant S. avenae are widespread across Ireland, occurring in all the major cereal-growing counties. Despite an initial high prevalence of resistant S. avenae (54%), matching levels detected in the UK, prevalence in Irish field populations appeared not to be increasing over the duration of this study, suggesting that pyrethroids remain largely effective at managing aphid populations. Resistance was detected in a single dominant SA3 super-clone, which may be explained by the loss of cyclical parthenogenesis as a potential impact of resistance alleles.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"23 1","pages":"29 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84730525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

HARVESTING EFFECTS ON BIOMASS AND NUTRIENT RETENTION IN PHRAGMITES AUSTRALIS IN A FREE-WATER SURFACE CONSTRUCTED WETLAND IN WESTERN IRELAND 在爱尔兰西部自由水面人工湿地中，收获对芦苇生物量和养分保留的影响

IF 0.7 4区环境科学与生态学

Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3318/BIOE.2007.107.3.139

M. Healy, J. Newell, M. Rodgers

{"title":"HARVESTING EFFECTS ON BIOMASS AND NUTRIENT RETENTION IN PHRAGMITES AUSTRALIS IN A FREE-WATER SURFACE CONSTRUCTED WETLAND IN WESTERN IRELAND","authors":"M. Healy, J. Newell, M. Rodgers","doi":"10.3318/BIOE.2007.107.3.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/BIOE.2007.107.3.139","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The aim of this study was to examine the seasonal variation in biomass, total nitrogen (Tot-N) and total phosphorus (Tot-P) content of Phragmites australis in a three-cell, free-water surface (FWS) constructed wetland in western Ireland and to investigate the effects of harvesting on its biomass and nutrient content. One cell of the wetland was divided into two plots: one plot, measuring 80m² , was completely harvested on 16 June 2005, while the other plot, the control plot, remained uncut throughout the study duration. Completely randomised 0.64m² areas within each plot were harvested to water level at intervals of approximately one month over an eight-month study period, and the shoot biomass and nutrient content were measured. In the control plot, the plant biomass, total nitrogen and total phosphorus content peaked in August. In the June-cut plot, the shoot biomass, total nitrogen and total phosphorus content peaked in September. The mean rate of dry matter production, defined as the mean daily rate of dry matter production per unit area per day between harvests, attained maximum rates of 12.8g m ⁻²d⁻¹ and 4.2g m ⁻²d⁻¹ for the control and June-cut plots, respectively, indicating that annual harvesting of emergent vegetation may not have any beneficial effect on biomass production or nutrient content under Irish climatic conditions.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"58 1","pages":"139 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82083827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Evidence for prey specialisation on venomous weeverfish by grey seals 灰海豹专门捕食有毒的河豚的证据

IF 0.7 4区环境科学与生态学

Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3318/bioe.2019.07

Gosch, Jessopp, Cronin, Rogan

引用次数: 0

Morphometric and Meristic Characteristics Analyses of Two Western Irish Populations of Arctic Char, Salvelinus alpinus (L.) 北极鲑(Salvelinus alpinus, L.)两个西爱尔兰居群的形态计量学和分生性状分析

IF 0.7 4区环境科学与生态学

Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3318/BIOE.2004.104.1.75

D. Doherty, T. McCarthy

引用次数: 23

THE HEN HARRIER IN IRELAND: CONSERVATION ISSUES FOR THE 21ST CENTURY 爱尔兰的母鸡鹞:21世纪的保护问题

IF 0.7 4区环境科学与生态学

Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/bae.2011.0006

B. O’Donoghue, Timothy A. O'Donoghue, F. King

引用次数: 9

SCALES OF VARIABILITY IN FIN RAY COUNTS OF FLOUNDER, PLATICHTHYS FLESUS L. ON IRISH AND WELSH COASTS 爱尔兰和威尔士海岸鲽鱼鳍鳍数量变化的尺度

IF 0.7 4区环境科学与生态学

Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3318/BIOE.2012.04

Bernadette O’Neill, G. Keirse, D. Mcgrath, D. Brophy

引用次数: 3

HABITAT SELECTION BY GRAZING ANIMALS IN HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENTS: THE CASE OF HILL SHEEP IN WESTERN IRELAND 异质环境中放牧动物的生境选择:爱尔兰西部山羊的案例

IF 0.7 4区环境科学与生态学

Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3318/BIOE.2012.16

B. Williams, S. Walls, M. Walsh, M. Gormally

{"title":"HABITAT SELECTION BY GRAZING ANIMALS IN HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENTS: THE CASE OF HILL SHEEP IN WESTERN IRELAND","authors":"B. Williams, S. Walls, M. Walsh, M. Gormally","doi":"10.3318/BIOE.2012.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/BIOE.2012.16","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Uplands and peatlands are of high conservation importance and, while grazing animals are a key management tool for conservation, grazing-related damage can easily occur. Damage to European uplands is most notable in Britain and Ireland, where Scottish Blackface is the dominant hill sheep breed. Therefore, if conservation strategies that address concerns of grazing-related damage are to be strengthened, the Scottish Blackface is a good subject and a better understanding of their resource use would be advantageous. While previous habitat selection studies of hill sheep have depended on direct observation, this particular study uses Global Positioning System tracking collars to determine ewe locations. The study site is on a mountainside in western Ireland that is dominated by blanket bog (52.8%) and wet heath (35.3%). Habitat mapping and ewe range and resource selection analyses indicated that habitat selection was significant (P< 0.05), typically acid grassland is selected most followed by wet heath, with blanket bog habitats selected least. Seasonal variation in habitat selection was also evident. These results (1) corroborate the findings of previous work elsewhere on plant community/habitat selection and (2) provide additional information that can be used to strengthen existing or new hill grazing management models that are used to aid decision-making. In particular, management plans should take into consideration the availability (both in terms of total area and connectivity) of the preferred sheep habitats and specifically consider grazing pressure in and between those habitats.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"10 1","pages":"267 - 283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81741098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Population status and factors affecting the productivity of peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus in County Wicklow, Ireland, 2008–2012 2008-2012年爱尔兰威克洛郡游隼种群状况及生产力影响因素

IF 0.7 4区环境科学与生态学

Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3318/BIOE.2015.11

Burke, Clarke, Fitzpatrick, Carnus, Mcmahon

{"title":"Population status and factors affecting the productivity of peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus in County Wicklow, Ireland, 2008–2012","authors":"Burke, Clarke, Fitzpatrick, Carnus, Mcmahon","doi":"10.3318/BIOE.2015.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/BIOE.2015.11","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:ABSTRACTA total of 41 sites used by breeding peregrines Falco peregrinus in Wicklow were monitored from 2008 to 2012. Details of reproductive activity and productivity were recorded to investigate whether performance was influenced by nest-site characteristics, raven Corvus corax presence and weather. On average, 26 territorial pairs were recorded each year, with mean productivity of 1.4 young fledged/territorial pair. Annual breeding success ranged from 47.4% to 95.7% (mean 70.0%). Mean annual density of territory-holding pairs was 1.47 pairs per 100km2 within a 1800km2 area in Wicklow. Most breeding attempts were on traditional upland and coastal cliffs, but quarries and lowland cliffs were important (41% of sites used). April rainfall adversely affected hatching success and, consequently, breeding success. The population was both stable and self-sustaining during this study. High levels of site occupancy and breeding success suggest limited availability of nest sites in Wicklow. Densities and productivity here compare favourably with studied populations elsewhere and suggest that the study area may be a net exporter of dispersing young peregrines to neighbouring areas. We discuss the likely importance of Wicklow for the peregrine population of Ireland. The negative interactions between ravens and peregrines, and the role of human disturbance in these interactions, warrant further investigation.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"1 1","pages":"115 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84278446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

DIET OF SHORT-EARED OWLS ASIO FLAMMEUS OVER SEVEN WINTERS IN COUNTY CORK, IRELAND 爱尔兰科克郡短耳猫头鹰七个冬天的饮食

IF 0.7 4区环境科学与生态学

Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3318/BIOE.2012.08

Chris Cullen, P. Smiddy

{"title":"DIET OF SHORT-EARED OWLS ASIO FLAMMEUS OVER SEVEN WINTERS IN COUNTY CORK, IRELAND","authors":"Chris Cullen, P. Smiddy","doi":"10.3318/BIOE.2012.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/BIOE.2012.08","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Previous studies of short-eared owl Asio flammeus (Pontoppidan) diet in Ireland have all been relatively small in scale and restricted in time. A total of 759 prey items were recovered and identified for this study during six winters (2005/2006-2010/2011). A further 271 prey items collected by the same authors in 2004/2005 for a previous study makes this the largest body of work on the prey of short-eared owls carried out in Ireland to date at 1030 prey items. Bird prey made up 55.9% by number and 83.1% by weight, and mammal prey made up 42.4% by number and 16.9% by weight. Thirteen invertebrates were also recovered. Dunlin Calidris alpina (L.) was the most frequently taken bird species, followed by snipe Gallinago gallinago (L.) and redshank Tringa totanus (L.). Together, these three wading birds formed 62.2% of prey by weight. Passerine birds were also taken, but only the thrush family (Turdus spp), collectively, was of any importance at 10.1% of prey by weight. The wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus (L.) was the most frequently taken mammal species (8.2% by weight), while smaller numbers of other rodents and shrews were taken. Dunlin was an important prey species up to February, but declined thereafter, while snipe and redshank remained important throughout the winter. Passerine birds were also taken throughout the period, but their overall contribution was lower than that of wading birds. Brown rats Rattus norvégiens (Berkenhout) and small mammals were taken throughout, but their monthly contribution was generally below 20%, except for one occasion in April in one year. Chi-square tests showed significant differences in some prey species and categories between months and years. While the reasons for some of the differences remain unknown, others are related to prey numbers available in any given month. There is also a suggestion that the severe winter of 2010/2011 influenced the higher than expected number of dunlin, and the lower than expected number of small mammals taken as prey in that winter.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"272 1","pages":"217 - 223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72940026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

THE CONCEPTUAL BASIS OF ECOLOGICAL—STATUS ASSESSMENTS USING DIATOMS 利用硅藻进行生态状况评价的概念基础

IF 0.7 4区环境科学与生态学

Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.3318/BIOE.2009.109.3.175

M. Kelly, L. King, Bernadette Ní Chatháin

引用次数: 54