Biology & Philosophy最新文献_第7页

A coarse-graining account of individuality: how the emergence of individuals represents a summary of lower-level evolutionary processes. 对个体的粗略描述：个体的出现如何代表较低层次进化过程的总结。

IF 2.5 1区哲学

Biology & Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.1007/s10539-023-09917-x

Pierrick Bourrat

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引用次数: 3

Understanding immunity: an alternative framework beyond defense and strength. 理解免疫:超越防御和力量的另一种框架。

IF 1.7 1区哲学

Biology & Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.1007/s10539-023-09893-2

Martin Zach, Gregor P Greslehner

{"title":"Understanding immunity: an alternative framework beyond defense and strength.","authors":"Martin Zach, Gregor P Greslehner","doi":"10.1007/s10539-023-09893-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10539-023-09893-2","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we address the issue of how to think about immunity. Many immunological writings suggest a straightforward option: the view that the immune system is primarily a system of defense, which naturally invites the talk of strong immunity and strong immune response. Despite their undisputable positive role in immunology, such metaphors can also pose a risk of establishing a narrow perspective, omitting from consideration phenomena that do not neatly fit those powerful metaphors. Building on this analysis, we argue two things. First, we argue that the immune system is involved not only in defense. Second, by disentangling various possible meanings of 'strength' and 'weakness' in immunology, we also argue that such a construal of immunity generally contributes to the distortion of the overall picture of what the immune system is, what it does, and why it sometimes fails. Instead, we propose to understand the nature of the immune system in terms of contextuality, regulation, and trade-offs. We suggest that our approach provides lessons for a general understanding of the organizing principles of the immune system in health and disease. For all this to work, we discuss a wide range of immunological phenomena.","PeriodicalId":55368,"journal":{"name":"Biology & Philosophy","volume":"38 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9929241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10826236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ecosystem health and malfunctions: an organisational perspective. 生态系统健康与故障：组织视角。

IF 2.5 1区哲学

Biology & Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1007/s10539-023-09927-9

Emiliano Sfara, Charbel N El-Hani

{"title":"Ecosystem health and malfunctions: an organisational perspective.","authors":"Emiliano Sfara, Charbel N El-Hani","doi":"10.1007/s10539-023-09927-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10539-023-09927-9","url":null,"abstract":"A recent idea of \"ecosystem health\" was introduced in the 1970s and 1980s to draws attention to the fact that ecosystems can become ill because of a reduction of properties such as primary productivity, functions and diversity of interactions among system components. Starting from the 1990s, this idea has been deeply criticized by authors who argued that, insofar as ecosystems show many differences with respect to organismic features, these two kinds of systems cannot share a typical organismic property such as health. In recent years, an organisational approach in philosophy of biology and ecology argued that both organisms and ecosystems may share a fundamental characteristic despite their differences, namely, organisational closure. Based on this kind of closure, scholars have also discussed health and malfunctional states in organisms. In this paper, we examine the possibility of expanding such an organisational approach to health and malfunctions to the ecological domain. Firstly, we will see that a malfunction is related to a lower effectiveness in the functional behaviour of some biotic components with respect to other systemic components. We will then show how some introduced species do not satisfactorily interact in an organisational closure with other ecosystem components, thus posing a threat to the self-maintenance of the ecosystem in which they are found. Accordingly, we will argue that an ecosystem can be said to be healthy when it is a vital environment organisationally grounded on its intrinsic capacity to ensure, under favourable conditions, appropriate functional behaviours for ecosystem components and ecosystem self-maintenance.","PeriodicalId":55368,"journal":{"name":"Biology & Philosophy","volume":"38 5","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10501940/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10279986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Logical fallacies persist in invasion biology and blaming the messengers will not improve accountability in this field: a response to Frank et al. 入侵生物学中存在逻辑谬误，指责信使不会提高该领域的问责性:对弗兰克等人的回应。

IF 2.5 1区哲学

Biology & Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10539-023-09892-3

Radu Cornel Guiaşu, Christopher W Tindale

{"title":"Logical fallacies persist in invasion biology and blaming the messengers will not improve accountability in this field: a response to Frank et al.","authors":"Radu Cornel Guiaşu, Christopher W Tindale","doi":"10.1007/s10539-023-09892-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10539-023-09892-3","url":null,"abstract":"We analyze the \"Logical fallacies and reasonable debates in invasion biology: a response to Guiaşu and Tindale\" article by Frank et al., and also discuss this work in the context of recent intense debates in invasion biology, and reactions by leading invasion biologists to critics of aspects of their field. While we acknowledge the attempt by Frank et al., at least in the second half of their paper, to take into account more diverse points of view about non-native species and their complex roles in ecosystems, we also find the accusations of misrepresenting invasion biology, for instance by \"cherry-picking\" and \"constructing 'straw people'\", directed at the Guiaşu and Tindale study to be unwarranted. Despite the sometimes harsh responses by leading invasion biologists to critics of their field, we believe that persistent and fundamental problems remain in invasion biology, and we discuss some of these problems in this article. Failing to recognize these problems, and simply dismissing or minimizing legitimate criticisms, will not advance the cause, or enhance the general appeal, of invasion biology and will prevent meaningful progress in understanding the multiple contributions non-native species can bring to various ecosystems worldwide. We recommend taking a more open-minded and pragmatic approach towards non-native species and the novel ecosystems they are an integral part of.","PeriodicalId":55368,"journal":{"name":"Biology & Philosophy","volume":"38 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9845828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10635055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Positive Wild Animal Welfare. 积极的野生动物福利。

IF 2.5 1区哲学

Biology & Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10539-023-09901-5

Heather Browning, Walter Veit

引用次数: 5

The minimal role of the higher categories in biology 高等分类在生物学中的最小作用

IF 2.5 1区哲学

Biology & Philosophy Pub Date : 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.1007/s10539-022-09888-5

Michael Devitt