Biology & Philosophy最新文献

Environmental interference 环境干扰

IF 2.5 1区哲学

Biology & Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1007/s10539-024-09955-z

Karen Kovaka

引用次数: 0

Trait-centered vs. fitness-centered definitions of natural selection 以性状为中心的自然选择定义与以适应性为中心的自然选择定义

IF 2.5 1区哲学

Biology & Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1007/s10539-024-09965-x

Ciprian Jeler

{"title":"Trait-centered vs. fitness-centered definitions of natural selection","authors":"Ciprian Jeler","doi":"10.1007/s10539-024-09965-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10539-024-09965-x","url":null,"abstract":"During the past few decades, fitness-centered and trait-centered definitions of natural selection have coexisted in the philosophical literature. The former render natural selection definitionally dependent on the presence of fitness differences, where “fitness” is understood as a distinct property from actual reproductive success. On the other hand, trait-centered definitions see selection as definitionally dependent on the presence of a causal relation between a trait (not necessarily fitness) and reproductive success. Interestingly, endorsers of these definitions have rarely–and usually only cursorily–critically engaged the views of the other camp. Therefore, a critical comparison of the two kinds of definitions is lacking in the literature. This paper starts filling this void by opening a discussion about which of the two kinds of definition is more appropriate. I first argue that fitness-centered definitions have difficulties in accommodating cases of opposing selection on correlated traits, whereas trait-centered views have no such problems. To do so, I revisit an old argument put forth by Elliott Sober and I show that recent attempts from the fitness-centered camp to reply to Sober’s charge are unsuccessful. I then show that fitness-centered views also have problems with a different type of case, namely opposing selection on a single trait; trait-centered views, on the other hand, may accommodate such cases if, as I propose here, we specify that the causal relation that figures prominently in them is understood as a relation of contributing causation. These arguments suggest that trait-centered definitions of selection are preferable to fitness-centered ones.","PeriodicalId":55368,"journal":{"name":"Biology & Philosophy","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploration and perspectival modelling with model organisms: developmental biology as a case study 利用模式生物进行探索和视角建模：发育生物学案例研究

IF 2.5 1区哲学

Biology & Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1007/s10539-024-09964-y

Juan Larraín

{"title":"Exploration and perspectival modelling with model organisms: developmental biology as a case study","authors":"Juan Larraín","doi":"10.1007/s10539-024-09964-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10539-024-09964-y","url":null,"abstract":"Model organisms are at the centre of progress in biology but attributing them an excessive representational power and concentrating on a limited group of them, although efficient for research, can have negative consequences, mainly of epistemic nature. Here, I argue that model organisms are exploratory models with a perspectival modelling function, and that a deflated representational power is needed for their proper use. In support of this argument, I will analyse developmental biology as a case study. Firstly, I show that model organisms in developmental biology are not selected because of their representational capabilities, but mainly based on practical criteria. Secondly, I defend that the epistemic organization of developmental biology around questions fosters exploration and perspectival modelling and I propose that developmental biology is a ‘model organism situated knowledge’. Lastly, I use the study of the mechanisms of cell fate acquisition during early embryonic development in C. elegans and mice as a case study to illustrate how a plurality of model organisms allows exploration and perspectival modelling. The use of model organisms for exploration and perspectival modelling, with a limited representational power, should allow more adequate inferences about human embryonic development and encourage the introduction of more model organisms for a comprehensive navigation of the space of possibilities.","PeriodicalId":55368,"journal":{"name":"Biology & Philosophy","volume":"180 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Different kinds of data: samples and the relational framework 不同类型的数据：样本和关系框架

IF 2.5 1区哲学

Biology & Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1007/s10539-024-09962-0

Aline Potiron

{"title":"Different kinds of data: samples and the relational framework","authors":"Aline Potiron","doi":"10.1007/s10539-024-09962-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10539-024-09962-0","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an original definition of samples as a kind of data within the relational framework of data. The distinction between scientific objects (e.g., samples, data, models) often needs to be clarified in the philosophy of science to understand their role in the scientific inquiry. The relational framework places data at the forefront of knowledge construction. Their epistemic status depends on their evaluation as potential evidence in a research situation and their ability to circulate among researchers. While samples are significant in data-generating science, their role has been underexplored in the philosophy of data literature. I draw on a case study from data-centric microbiology, viz. amplicon sequencing, to introduce specifications of the relational framework. These specifications capture the distinctive epistemic role of samples, allowing the discussion of their significance in the inquiry process. I argue that samples are necessarily transformed to be considered as evidence, portable in the limits of a situation, and they act as world anchors for claims about a phenomenon. I compare these specifications with other data and evidence frameworks and suggest they are compatible. The paper concludes by considering the extension of these criteria in the context of biobanking. The specifications proposed here help analyze other life sciences cases and deepen our understanding of samples and their epistemological role in scientific research.","PeriodicalId":55368,"journal":{"name":"Biology & Philosophy","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The evolution of reproductive characters: an organismal-relational approach 生殖特征的进化：一种生物体关系方法

IF 2.5 1区哲学

Biology & Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1007/s10539-024-09961-1

David Cortés-García, Arantza Etxeberria, Laura Nuño de la Rosa

{"title":"The evolution of reproductive characters: an organismal-relational approach","authors":"David Cortés-García, Arantza Etxeberria, Laura Nuño de la Rosa","doi":"10.1007/s10539-024-09961-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10539-024-09961-1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper delves into the character concept as applied to reproduction. Our argument is that the prevailing functional-adaptationist perspective falls short in explaining the evolution of reproductive traits, and we propose an alternative organismal-relational approach that incorporates the developmental and interactive aspects of reproduction. To begin, we define the functional individuation of reproductive traits as evolutionary strategies aimed at enhancing fitness, and we demonstrate how this perspective influences the classification of reproductive characters and modes, the comprehension of shared traits as resulting from conflicts of evolutionary interest between individuals, and the explanation of reproductive diversity. After outlining the shortcomings of this framework, we introduce an organismal-relational approach grounded in evolutionary developmental studies of reproduction. This view provides a revised classification for reproductive characters and modes and offers a new understanding of interorganismal traits that takes into account their inherently relational nature. Lastly, we present the research agenda that emerges from this approach, which addresses the core explanatory gaps left by the adaptationist perspective, including the explanation of reproductive homologies and homoplasies, the developmental constraints associated with the evolution of reproductive modes, and the evolvability of reproductive characters.","PeriodicalId":55368,"journal":{"name":"Biology & Philosophy","volume":"279 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Explanatory gaps in evolutionary theory 进化论中的解释性缺陷

IF 2.5 1区哲学

Biology & Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10539-024-09957-x

Bendik Hellem Aaby, Gianmaria Dani, Grant Ramsey

引用次数: 0

Teaching and the origin of the normativity 教学与规范性的起源

IF 2.5 1区哲学

Biology & Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10539-024-09960-2

Laureano Castro, Miguel Ángel Castro-Nogueira, Miguel Ángel Toro

{"title":"Teaching and the origin of the normativity","authors":"Laureano Castro, Miguel Ángel Castro-Nogueira, Miguel Ángel Toro","doi":"10.1007/s10539-024-09960-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10539-024-09960-2","url":null,"abstract":"Norms play a crucial role in governing human societies. From an early age, humans possess an innate understanding of norms, recognizing certain behaviours, contexts, and roles as being governed by them. The evolution of normativity has been linked to its contribution to the promotion of cooperation in large groups and is intertwined with the development of joint intentionality. However, there is no evolutionary consensus on what normatively differentiated our hominin ancestors from the phylogenetic lineage leading to chimpanzees and bonobos. Here we propose that the development of teaching through a process of evaluative feedback between parent and offspring functioned as a prerequisite for the later development of normativity. Parents approve or disapprove of offspring’s behaviours based on their own learned knowledge of what is appropriate or inappropriate. We argue our proposition using a simple model of cultural transmission, which shows the adaptive advantage offered by these elementary forms of teaching. We show that an important part of this adaptive advantage can arise from the benefits derived from guidance about which behaviours to adopt or reject. We propose that this type of guidance has fundamental elements that characterise the normative world. We complete our argument by reviewing several studies that examine the emergence of normativity in young children without prior exposure to a normative framework with respect to the behaviours under analysis. We suggest that this normativity is best interpreted as manifestations of teaching among young children rather than as norm recognition among early normative children.","PeriodicalId":55368,"journal":{"name":"Biology & Philosophy","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Behavioural ecology of sexual autonomy and the case of protection against risky courtship 性自主的行为生态学和防止危险求偶的案例

IF 2.5 1区哲学

Biology & Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1007/s10539-024-09963-z

Jan Verpooten

{"title":"Behavioural ecology of sexual autonomy and the case of protection against risky courtship","authors":"Jan Verpooten","doi":"10.1007/s10539-024-09963-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10539-024-09963-z","url":null,"abstract":"Evolutionary changes and interspecific diversity in sexual coercion and autonomy are often linked to indirect selection on mate preferences. Yet, this approach overlooks the small fraction of indirect selection in total selection on mate choice and assumes unnecessarily specific conditions in the recent ‘autonomy-enhancing’ risk-reduction model. This paper proposes a more parsimonious approach based on direct selection and basic signalling theory, incorporating ecological variables to better explain sexual biodiversity. Particularly, the spatial dimensionality of mating environments is emphasized for its role in enhancing sexual freedom through both diminishing monopolization and elevating escape potential from sexual coercion. Empirical evidence, ranging from waterfowl to humans, seems to better align with this ecologically constrained signalling perspective. Furthermore, it suggests that choosers keep coercion risk at ecological baseline by leveraging their escape potential. This repositions intriguing protective elements like bowerbirds' constructions as courtship features that have been bargained to respect sexual autonomy rather than enhancing it through indirect selection. It implies that courtship induced risks, such as reduced mobility, may in principle increase substantially precisely because they are offset by protective measures. Future research could reveal the prevalence of such risk-balancing strategies, advancing our understanding of mating dynamics. This work suggests new theoretical and empirical research avenues within the ecology of mating dynamics.","PeriodicalId":55368,"journal":{"name":"Biology & Philosophy","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A personal tribute to Frans De Waal (1948–2024), who inspired the philosophy of animal minds 向启迪动物心灵哲学的弗兰斯-德瓦尔（1948-2024）致敬

IF 2.5 1区哲学

Biology & Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1007/s10539-024-09956-y

Kristin Andrews

引用次数: 0

Delineating dingoes: framing the domestication process as a landscape 划定野狗的范围：将驯化过程视为一种景观

IF 2.5 1区哲学

Biology & Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.1007/s10539-024-09959-9

Daniel Bisgrove

{"title":"Delineating dingoes: framing the domestication process as a landscape","authors":"Daniel Bisgrove","doi":"10.1007/s10539-024-09959-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10539-024-09959-9","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines existing frameworks for understanding domestication and proposes a domestication landscape framework. Driven by the selection pressures of captivity and/or mutualism within a domesticator-dominated environment, domestication is the generations-long multidirectional process through which a domesticate accumulates new genetic and behavioral traits, potentially causing reproductive isolation between wild and domestic forms of the domesticate organism. Rather than understanding domestication as fixed states in a wild/domestic binary, domestication can be best understood as a dynamic multidimensional process of growing and declining domesticator influence on a domesticate’s genes and behavior. The categories, of wild, feral, tame, and domestic exist as blurry regions within a two-dimensional landscape that species will traverse at variable speeds. An organism’s path will vary depending on its environment and the particular domestication relationship at play. Domestication occurs through two potential pathways, either through captivity or through mutualism, though both may no longer be required once a domesticate’s dependence on the domesticator becomes clearly established. For the purposes of domestication, captivity requires intentional containment and resource dependence or reproductive control. When driven by mutualism, the domestication process does not require intent and, thereby, can occur with non-human domesticators. Alongside the coordinative consensus principle, the domestication landscape model can help achieve more functional pluralism between disciplines within domestication studies when organisms’ levels of genetic and behavioral influence are provided. Finally, this model suggests that while dingoes may have at one point been domesticated, it may be appropriate to view them as wild and perhaps even native organisms.","PeriodicalId":55368,"journal":{"name":"Biology & Philosophy","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0