Biomedical Papers-Olomouc最新文献

{"title":"Effect of treatment with carteolol and latanoprost in newly diagnosed primary open-angle glaucoma on peripapillary vessel density.","authors":"Jan Lestak, Martin Fus, Sarka Pitrova","doi":"10.5507/bp.2024.010","DOIUrl":"10.5507/bp.2024.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>In a previous follow-up of glaucoma patients taking carteolol or latanoprost, we found a greater progression of visual field changes with the prostaglandin than the betablocker. In the present study we compared the impact of carteolol and latanoprost on peripapillary vessel density in newly diagnosed primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study consisted of two groups of POAG patients. There were 46 patient eyes treated with carteolol (Carteol LP 2%) in the first group and 52 eyes treated with latanoprost (Xalatan 0.005%) in the second. Intraocular pressure (IOP), vessel density (VD) and visual field were assessed in all patients. VD was measured peripapillary by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) with the Avanti RTVue XR in eight segments: Inferior Temporal - IT (1); Temporal Inferior -TI (2); Temporal Superior - TS (3); Superior Temporal - ST (4); Superior Nasal - SN (5); Nasal Superior - NS (6); Nasal Inferior - NI (7) and Inferior Nasal - IN (8). The measurements were compared before and after three months of treatment. The visual field was examined with a fast threshold glaucoma program using a Medmont M 700 instrument from Medmont International Pty Ltd. and only when a diagnosis of POAG was done. The overall defect (OD) was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Before treatment, there was no difference between groups in either OD or VD. After treatment, there was a decrease in IOP in both groups. In the carteolol-treated group, the mean decrease was 5.8 mmHg and in the latanoprost-treated eyes, the mean decrease was 7 mmHg. The difference was not statistically significant (P=0.133). After treatment with carteolol, there was a statistically significant increase in VD in segments 4, 5 and 6. After latanoprost treatment, VD was statistically significantly improved only in segment 5. A greater increase in VD values was found in eyes treated with carteolol than in eyes treated with latanoprost.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Carteolol had a better effect on vessel density than latanoprost.</p>","PeriodicalId":55363,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Papers-Olomouc","volume":" ","pages":"203-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140186391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the predictive power of biomarkers in traumatic brain injury: A narrative review focused on clinical outcomes.","authors":"Sitao Liang, Zihui Hu","doi":"10.5507/bp.2024.038","DOIUrl":"10.5507/bp.2024.038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has long-term consequences, including neurodegenerative disease risk. Current diagnostic tools are limited in detecting subtle brain damage. This review explores emerging biomarkers for TBI, including those related to neuronal injury, inflammation, EVs, and ncRNAs, evaluating their potential to predict clinical outcomes like mortality, recovery, and cognitive impairment. It addresses challenges and opportunities for implementing biomarkers in clinical practice, aiming to improve TBI diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":55363,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Papers-Olomouc","volume":" ","pages":"161-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Awareness and knowledge of diabetic retinopathy in diabetics and non-diabetics: A descriptive cross-sectional study.","authors":"Diala Walid Abu-Hassan, Mona Freihat, Ibraheem Saleh, Iman Aolymat, Manar Zraikat, Muawyah Dawoud Al-Bdour","doi":"10.5507/bp.2025.002","DOIUrl":"10.5507/bp.2025.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Early diagnosis and management of the ever-increasing global consequences of diabetes is of concern to all nations. The populations of developing countries in particular, account for about 75% of the estimated total number of those afflicted. The Middle East and North Africa Region have around 35.4 (24.3-47.4) million diabetics with a prevalence of around 10.5% in the Middle East. A high proportion of these are undiagnosed. The aim of this study was to assess the awareness of and knowledge about the ocular impacts of diabetes as diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Jordanians by comparing those with and those without diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, diabetic and non-diabetic patients attending different clinics at the National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG) were interviewed face-to-face using a questionnaire, to assess the level of knowledge about diabetic retinopathy (DR). The questionnaire was assessed beforehand by ophthalmologists from the School of Medicine, the University of Jordan, in Amman Results. A total of 214 subjects participated in this study (108 males:106 females). The mean age was 58.2 ± 10.6 years; (28 to 88 years) ~70% were diabetic. More than 98% were aware that diabetes can have ocular consequences. Only 17.3% however, had an adequate knowledge of DR. Around 40% did not know the treatment options although 75.7% of the diabetics carried out regular blood sugar checks in <6 months, and 73.4% had their last eye checkups in <one year. The main source of information about DR was the media (33.6%) though healthcare personnel made a minor contribution to raising the knowledge level (5.6%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The participants in this study had good awareness of DR but their knowledge of this ocular condition and treatment options is limited. Health-education programs and awareness campaigns should be initiated at health and eye care centers. Enrichment of social media and internet websites with evidence-based information by medical professionals are promising options for upgrading knowledge about this common global cause of blindness.</p>","PeriodicalId":55363,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Papers-Olomouc","volume":" ","pages":"210-217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143257399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the utility of chromosome 6 and 8 testing in uveal melanoma biopsies.","authors":"Veronika Matuskova, Pavla Hornackova, Marek Michalec, Lenka Zlamalikova, Kvetoslava Matulova, Michal Uher","doi":"10.5507/bp.2024.018","DOIUrl":"10.5507/bp.2024.018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of testing the gain of chromosome 8 and the gain of chromosome 6 as prognostic markers in histopathological samples of enucleated eyes in with uveal melanoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective study of 54 enucleated eyes. The status of chromosomes 3, 8 and 6 was tested by CISH, and FISH was used in a few samples. A follow-up for the detection of metastases was conducted in all patients. The statistical significance of chromosomal abnormalities as a prognostic factor for the development of metastases was determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study group consists of 54 patients (average age 63 years), 28 men (51.9%) Monosomy 3 together with gain of chromosome 8 was found in 10 samples (18.5%). Both chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 6 (11%) patients. No chromosomal abnormality in 3 or 8 was detected in 21 (38.9%) patients. Abnormalities of chromosome 6 were present in 6 (11%) patients. Progression free survival after 5 years was 33.3% (95% CI 0.0; 83.3) in these patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicate a correlation between progression-free survival and the presence of changes in chromosome 3 and e 8 in uveal melanomas. The results underline the necessity of testing for both chromosomal aberrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":55363,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Papers-Olomouc","volume":" ","pages":"196-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141238465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysfibrinogenemia and hypofibrinogenemia - Spectrum of pathogenic variants in Slovak patients.","authors":"Dominika Jaraskova, Jan Chandoga, Angelika Batorova, Tatiana Prigancova, Miriama Juhosova, Pavol Durina, Alzbeta Vavrova, Silvia Dallemule, Robert Petrovic, Anna Kyselova, Denisa Jankovicova, Daniel Bohmer","doi":"10.5507/bp.2024.025","DOIUrl":"10.5507/bp.2024.025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Congenital hypofibrinogenemia (CH) and congenital dysfibrinogenemia (CD) are rare coagulation disorders caused by quantitative or qualitative defects in the fibrinogen gene. The aim of this study was to characterize the genetic background and the clinical manifestations of congenital fibrinogen disorders in the patients from Slovakia registered at the National Haemophilia Centre.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Results of genetic analysis of the fibrinogen genes FGA, FGB and FGG using polymerase chain reaction followed by direct sequencing were evaluated in 36 patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Molecular-genetic analysis revealed six novel variants - FGA c.923_968dup p.(Gly324Lysfs*44) and FGG c.1105C>T p.(His369Tyr) were identified in CD patients. In CH patients, in the FGG gene c.8G>A p.(Trp3*), c.823G>T p.(Glu275*) and c.323C>A p.(Ala108Asp) variants were detected. In the FGB gene c.1427C>T p.(Ser476Leu) was identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study is a positive contribution towards expanding knowledge about genetic variants in patients with congenital fibrinogen disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":55363,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Papers-Olomouc","volume":" ","pages":"179-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141989559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Schwannoma of the phrenic nerve. A case report.","authors":"Josef Chudacek, Tomas Bohanes, Marek Szkorupa, Martin Stasek, Jan Hanuliak, Daniela Skanderova, Dusan Klos","doi":"10.5507/bp.2024.011","DOIUrl":"10.5507/bp.2024.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neurogenic tumors are the third most common tumors occurring within the mediastinum. Predominantly completely asymptomatic, they are most often found in the posterior mediastinum, although they may also be located, albeit rarely, in the middle mediastinum. Thus, in the cases of tumors localized in the middle mediastinum, schwannomas of the phrenic nerve must always be considered.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>In this case, a male patient presented with a tumor of the middle mediastinum. PET/CT scan determined that it was a circumscribed tumor without signs of dissemination. However, due to the tumor's location, a preoperative biopsy of the tumor was not possible. Therefore, the patient underwent videothoracoscopic extirpation of the tumor, including the necessary resection of the phrenic nerve that passed through the centre of the tumor. Subsequent histological analysis definitively confirmed a schwannoma with low proliferative activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Differential diagnosis of mediastinal tumours is very difficult; however, in the case of circumscribed tumours not invading the surrounding tissues, proceeding to surgical revision, with the complete removal of the tumour, is possible, even without determining the histological nature. Minimally invasive surgical techniques dominate the treatment of neurogenic tumors of the mediastinum; they are associated with minimal complications and allow a rapid return of the patient to their normal activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":55363,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Papers-Olomouc","volume":" ","pages":"232-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140295425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contemporary review of prognostic markers of prostate cancer from a pathologist perspective.","authors":"Martin Elias, Jan Bouchal, Milan Kral, Daniela Kurfurstova","doi":"10.5507/bp.2025.003","DOIUrl":"10.5507/bp.2025.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignant tumour in men worldwide. To treat this condition, prognostic markers to distinguish indolent from aggressive disease, and biomarkers for metastatic forms are needed. From a pathologist's perspective, despite the plethora of emerging biomarkers, none to date has made its way into clinical practice. The need for prognostic and predictive markers following histological evaluation remains. This overview of some putative immunohistochemical and genetic markers reveals the pitfalls of biomarker research, notably verifiability, validity and interlaboratory comparison. Meta-analyses and extensive cooperation between pathology departments are a sine qua non. Codes of Best Practice such as the REMARK guidelines have been advocated as a path forward. Currently, the most widely used and validated prognostic marker remains the Gleason score. Ki67 along with PTEN are the most promising prognostic markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":55363,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Papers-Olomouc","volume":" ","pages":"149-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the efficacy of cisplatin and carboplatin in combination with etoposide in firstline treatment of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer in real-world practice in the Czech Republic - a retrospective analysis of patients from the LUCAS project.","authors":"Alzbeta Bejckova, Miloslav Marel, Zdenka Chladkova, Libor Fila, Luis Fernando Casas-Mendez, Ondrej Venclicek, Petr Jakubec, Marketa Cernovska, Michal Hrnciarik, Jana Krejci, Petr Domecky, Martin Svaton","doi":"10.5507/bp.2024.019","DOIUrl":"10.5507/bp.2024.019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) have a poor prognosis. The standard palliative treatment for four decades has been chemotherapy as a combination of etoposide with carboplatin or cisplatin, and in recent years, immunotherapy in addition.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To determine whether there is a difference in the efficacy of palliative chemotherapy as cisplatin or carboplatin in combination with etoposide in patients with ES-SCLC in real-world practice in the Czech Republic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective analysis of a cohort of 348 patients from the LUCAS project with ES-SCLC. 79 were treated with etoposide plus cisplatin and 265 were treated with etoposide plus carboplatin. Kaplan-Meier curves and the Cox regression model were used for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No statistically significant difference in median overall survival (mOS) or median progression free survival (mPFS) was found between groups or between patients grouped according to age and performance status (PS) in mOS. The Cox regression result was similar.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study shows that cisplatin and carboplatin do not differ in efficacy in a given indication, thus when choosing a treatment, the physician should consider the expected toxicity in a particular patient, assessing the patient's general condition and comorbidities.</p>","PeriodicalId":55363,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Papers-Olomouc","volume":" ","pages":"218-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141472837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical therapy in advanced sinonasal carcinomas - retrospective study.","authors":"Lumir Hrabalek, Vlastimil Novak, Jiri Hoza, Csaba Hucko, Miroslav Vaverka, David Krahulik, Daniel Pohlodek","doi":"10.5507/bp.2024.020","DOIUrl":"10.5507/bp.2024.020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Sinonasal tumors are a rare and heterogeneous group of malignant tumors with different histopathological characteristics and clinical presentation. These tumors are usually treated through surgery. The aim of this study is to present our results of surgical therapy in patients with an advanced sinonasal tumor.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included patients with an advanced sinonasal tumor who were surgically treated. The surgical technique combined both a frontal transbasal approach together with an endoscopic endonasal approach. The parameters used for evaluation were the histological type of tumor, the radicality of resection (complete vs. incomplete), the frequency of recurrence, the surgical and postoperative complications, the type of subsequent oncological therapy and the overall survival.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The group consisted of ten patients seven were men and three were women. Complete resection (defined as R0) was achieved in 8 (80%) of the cases, subcomplete resection was achieved in 2 (20%) of the cases. The overall survival period was 28.7 months (95% confidence interval 15.9-41.6).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of the frontal transbasal approach with the endoscopic endonasal approach is a suitable surgical strategy that enables easier achievement of complete tumor resection, reconstruction of the anterior skull base and reduces the need for extensive surgical approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":55363,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Papers-Olomouc","volume":" ","pages":"226-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141472838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fat embolism and COVID-19 infection: autopsy and post-mortem laboratory findings in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients.","authors":"Adriana Gavronova, Lukas Hamerlik, Margita Bartkova, Vaclav Svrchokryl, Veronika Kralikova, Katerina Vranova, Peter Ondra, Martin Dobias","doi":"10.5507/bp.2024.014","DOIUrl":"10.5507/bp.2024.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The article is one of the very first autopsy reports worldwide, which associates COVID-19 infection and pulmonary fat embolism.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To point to a crucial connection between a severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and pulmonary fat embolism as one of the possible major mechanisms of severe COVID-19 symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Lung, brain and kidney tissues examination of 16 full human autopsy cases. All deceased suffered from COVID-19 infection, none of them was admitted to hospital prior to death, immediate causes of death vary. Autopsies accompanied by microbiological examination and histological examination using Oil Red O staining were performed. Consequently, we have implemented a control cohort consisting of 16 deceased with no presence of pulmonary infection and various immediate causes of death.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 16 autopsy cases, 11 (68.8%) were males and 5 (31.3%) females, with overall mean age 68.1 (39-86) years. Causes of death of studied subjects were natural, mostly from respiratory failure (in 12 cases, 75%). Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed in 7 cases (43.8%). None of dissected persons had larger signs of body trauma. Pulmonary fat embolism was found in 11 cases (68.8%), which generalised to kidneys in 8 patients (50% of all cases, 72.3% of cases with pulmonary fat embolism) and to brain tissue in 1 case.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We demonstrated a reasonable relation between a COVID-19 disease and a variously severe fat embolism, severity of which does not directly correlate with body weight. Further investigation or even change of medical treatment needs to be considered in patients with COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":55363,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Papers-Olomouc","volume":" ","pages":"116-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141181471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}