Boletim De Ciencias Geodesicas最新文献

{"title":"EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE OF A SEMI-AUTOMATIC APPLE FRUIT DETECTION IN A HIGH-DENSITY ORCHARD SYSTEM USING LOW-COST DIGITAL RGB IMAGING SENSOR","authors":"Leonardo Josoé Biffi, E. Mitishita, V. Liesenberg, J. Centeno, M. B. Schimalski, L. Rufato","doi":"10.1590/S1982-21702021000200014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1982-21702021000200014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This study investigates the potential use of close-range and low-cost terrestrial RGB imaging sensor for fruit detection in a high-density apple orchard of Fuji Suprema apple fruits (Malus domestica Borkh). The study area is a typical orchard located in a small holder farm in Santa Catarina’s Southern plateau (Brazil). Small holder farms in that state are responsible for more than 50% of Brazil’s apple fruit production. Traditional digital image processing approaches such as RGB color space conversion (e.g., rgb, HSV, CIE L*a*b*, OHTA[I 1 , I 2 , I 3 ]) were applied over several terrestrial RGB images to highlight information presented in the original dataset. Band combinations (e.g., rgb-r, HSV-h, Lab-a, I” 2 , I” 3 ) were also generated as additional parameters (C1, C2 and C3) for the fruit detection. After, optimal image binarization and segmentation, parameters were chosen to detect the fruits efficiently and the results were compared to both visual and in-situ fruit counting. Results show that some bands and combinations allowed hits above 75%, of which the following variables stood out as good predictors: rgb-r, Lab-a, I” 2 , I” 3 , and the combinations C2 and C3. The best band combination resulted from the use of Lab-a band and have identical results of commission, omission, and accuracy, being 5%, 25% and 75%, respectively. Fruit detection rate for Lab-a showed a 0.73 coefficient of determination (R2), and fruit recognition accuracy rate showed 0.96 R2. The proposed approach provides results with great applicability for small holder farms and may support local harvest prediction.","PeriodicalId":55347,"journal":{"name":"Boletim De Ciencias Geodesicas","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90325293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"POINT TO POINT: AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD FOR EXTRACTING “HOMOLOGOUS POINTS” IN BATHYMETRIC DATA COLLECTED WITH A MULTIBEAM SYSTEM","authors":"Í. O. Ferreira, Júlio César de Oliveira, Afonso de Paula dos Santos, A. A. Silva, N. G. Medeiros","doi":"10.1590/S1982-21702021000200012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1982-21702021000200012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Due to waterway transport efficiency, mainly for commercial trades, the use of sea/river routes has grown recently. So, the importance of producing high quality nautical charts stands out. A nautical chart is the hydrographic survey final product and its accuracy depends on data quality collected, primarily of the vertical quality (depth). In this sense, despite the theoretical and practical difficulty in obtaining homologous points in hydrographic surveys, even when performing check lines, bathymetric data must always be delivered with a statistically proven confidence level. Thus, this study has two main objectives: i) to propose a method, called Point to Point (P2P), for obtaining “homologous points” for hydrographic surveys carried out with multibeam systems, without resorting to mathematical and/or statistical interpolations, called Point to Point (P2P); ii) to quantify the magnitude of the difference between the statistical evaluation using check lines (CL) and by overlapping successive sounding lines (SL), applying the P2P method. The results showed that P2P is easy to application, provide low computation effort, is robust and consistent. Besides that, was possible to applied successive regular lines to get a validation of the hydrographic survey.","PeriodicalId":55347,"journal":{"name":"Boletim De Ciencias Geodesicas","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84051869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AUTHORITATIVE CARTOGRAPHY IN BRAZIL AND COLLABORATIVE MAPPING PLATFORMS: CHALLENGES AND PROPOSALS FOR DATA INTEGRATION","authors":"L. Silva, S. Camboim","doi":"10.1590/S1982-21702021000100003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1982-21702021000100003","url":null,"abstract":"Brazil has a large area with missing or outdated mapping on the largest scales of its authoritative mapping. The use of data from collaborative mapping platforms appears as an alternative that may contribute to minimizing this problem, either by updating or completing the mapping coverage in Brazil, as proposed or performed by some National Mapping Agencies abroad. The present work aims to analyze a methodology to provide accurate and documented integration of volunteered geographic information and the Brazilian authoritative mapping. The proposal starts with the semantic compatibility between the conceptual models adopted in both official cartography and OpenStreetMap platform. The research continues with the identification of object classes with the most significant potential for integration. Finally, we developed some experiments to evaluate and validate the OSM data integration process in a 1:25,000 scale cartographic database. Even in regions with a recent mapping, the results of the preliminary assessment indicate the potential for an increase of about 52% and 16% of features in the ‘road system’ category, which suggests a very promising method for use in areas with missing or outdated mapping, and its applicability to other categories.","PeriodicalId":55347,"journal":{"name":"Boletim De Ciencias Geodesicas","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77078144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF DIGITAL TERRAIN MODELS IN DAM BREAK SIMULATION STUDIES","authors":"Rodrigo Pereira Lima, M. T. Elmiro, M. Nero, P. Temba, B. Fonseca, Luiz Henrique Guimarães Castiglione","doi":"10.1590/S1982-21702021000100005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1982-21702021000100005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Dams are structures built for controlling the flow of water for many useful purposes such as water supply, power generation, retention of mining and industrial waste, as well as recreation and flood control. However, they bring together some risk of dam body collapse causing damage for the dam downstream areas. Therefore, hypothetical dam break studies which provide mapping of areas potentially attainable in the event of a rupture are especially important for planning actions aiming minimization of associated losses. The aim of this research is to assess the degree of adherence or similarity between flood maps obtained by simulation studies and those effectively obtained from the collapse itself occurred in Dam I owned by Vale SA on January 25, 2019. The study focuses mainly on comparing the effects over the simulated flood maps caused by use of different representation of dam downstream topography relief, namely Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), Advanced Land Observing Satellite from Alaska Satellite Facility (ALOS_ASF) and Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) models. The simulations were performed using the HEC-RAS software developed by the US Army Corps of Engineers considering hypothesis of strong influence of relief in flood mapping results. In this way, three simulation tests were carried out for evaluation and discussion. In the first simulation, the digital terrain model derived from ALS was used. The second simulation was carried out associating the digital surface model ALOS_ASF with a spatial resolution of 12.5 m. Finally, the SRTM digital elevation model with 30 m spatial resolution provided by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) was used in third simulation. Results showed better adherence to simulations using data from ALS. This was verified by visual analysis over high resolution orthorectified images and by calculating statistics indicators such as the (F) index. Conclusions pointed out that flood patches resulting from simulation are critical tools for taking actions involving areas and populations to be affected, so the best relief model technologies like ALS data should be used in simulation.","PeriodicalId":55347,"journal":{"name":"Boletim De Ciencias Geodesicas","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44146102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AN EXPERIMENT USING THE GRAPHIC VARIABLE COLOR AND THE SEE COLOR CODE ON ISARITHMIC MAPS ACCESSIBLE TO BLIND AND NORMALLY SIGHTED PEOPLE","authors":"N. S. Araújo, F. Amorim, A. Antunes, Sandra Regina Marchi, M. Schmidt, Andrea Faria Andrade, L. Delazari","doi":"10.1590/S1982-21702021000100006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1982-21702021000100006","url":null,"abstract":"The See Color is a color coding system based on Braille writing to communicate colors to people with visual impairments. This study assessed the perception of the theme Temperature by blind people, by using the See Color code on two isarithmic tactile maps and the perception of subjects with normal color vision. An average temperature map of Australia had 10 classes, but these intervals were regrouped into four classes on Corel Draw software. The new map was duplicated in the digital project in A4 size, both included the See Color code in two color schemes obtained from the Color Brewer website. Subsequently, they were laser-printed on swell paper to produce the tactile relief. The chromatic perception was observed, as well as the thermal sensations that the colors could represent for blind participants (06), normally sighted participants in basic education (23), and normally sighted participants in higher education (20). In this research, the See Color code showed the potential to provide spatial knowledge as a graphic language through colors in color maps for adventitiously blind and for normally sighted participants based on their perception of colors and tactile color codes.","PeriodicalId":55347,"journal":{"name":"Boletim De Ciencias Geodesicas","volume":"2010 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74048268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF A WEBGIS FOR UNIVERSITY CAMPUS USING AN APPROACH BASED ON USER-CENTRED DESIGN TECHNIQUES","authors":"Marciano da Costa Lima, L. Delazari, Leonardo Ercolin Filho, A. Antunes","doi":"10.1590/S1982-21702021000100002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1982-21702021000100002","url":null,"abstract":"The techniques that seek to attend the user’s needs in a product’s development, like the Requirements Engineering (RE) and the User-Centred Design (UCD) have been increasingly used in different areas. The RE is a computer science area that seeks the development of methods and techniques to software elaboration, while the UCD is an iterative design process, where designers focus on users and place them at the center of the development process. This study approached the application of these techniques to developing a WebGIS oriented to university applications. In this research an interface to the WebGIS was proposed, with an application to assist the navigation in indoor and outdoor environments. The study case was applied in Polytechnic Center campus of Federal University of Parana (UFPR). The interface was evaluated through tests with users, using tasks that allowed to explore its functionality. The methodology used was elaborated by Brooke (1996) to measure the usability through the System Usability Scale (SUS), and the classification of this scale adopted by Bangor, Kortum and Miller (2009) and Sauro (2011). The results show punctuation indices based on the SUS, what indicated that the use of UCD techniques allow to improve the interface development in a WebGIS.","PeriodicalId":55347,"journal":{"name":"Boletim De Ciencias Geodesicas","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90685054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AN APPROACH TO POSITIONAL QUALITY CONTROL METHODS FOR AIRBORNE INSAR HIGH-RESOLUTION X-BAND ORTHOIMAGES AND P-BAND DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL","authors":"G. P. Silva, R. Coutinho, R. A. S. Rosa","doi":"10.1590/S1982-21702021000100001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1982-21702021000100001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The positional validation of datasets is an important step for cartography studies since it allows learning about its accuracy, and also indicates the data process quality. However, the positional validation of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) datasets have some additional challenges when compared to optical images due to the geometric distortions. We employ existing targets such as traffic signs and lampposts in the scene and identify them on the image as control points. We performed the validation of the geographic coordinates used as planialtimetric positional control points, using both the amplitude backscattering orthoimage and the Digital Terrain Model (DTM) generated from the InSAR system. We employed the NMAS, ASPRS and NSSDA tests along with information by the Brazilian Standards. This validation showed these control points presented the following results for 1:10,000 scale: NMAS test - class “A” in PEC and PEC-PCD; ASPRS test - RMSE x = 1.317m, RMSE y = 1.231m and RMSE z = 1.145m; and NSSDA test - RMSE r = 1,802m, Precision r = 3.118m and Precision z = 2.244m. These results prove we can use the proposed targets as control points and the used InSAR datasets meet the expected quality for generation of geotechnic products for 1:10,000 scale.","PeriodicalId":55347,"journal":{"name":"Boletim De Ciencias Geodesicas","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48524341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF AN LADM-BASED EXTERNAL DATA MODEL FOR LAND REGISTRY AND CADASTRE TRANSACTIONS IN TURKEY: A CASE STUDY OF TREASURY REAL PROPERTIES","authors":"M. Alkan, Elif Taş Arslan","doi":"10.1590/S1982-21702021000100004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1982-21702021000100004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The processes starting with the identification and registration of treasury properties have an essential place in the cadastral systems. Spatial data modelling studies were conducted in 2002 to establish a common standard structure on the fundamental similarities of land management systems. These studies were stated as a beginning named Core Cadastral Domain Model (CCDM), since 2006, it has been started to be made under the name of LADM. This model was accepted in 2012 as a standard model in the field of land administration by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). In this study, an external model class is proposed for LADM’s transactions related to Treasury’s real estates properties which are related National Property Automation Project (MEOP). In order to determine the deficiency of this current external model, databases containing records related to spatial data and property rights were examined, and the deficiencies related to transactions on treasury properties were determined. The created external class is associated with the LADM’s LA_Party, LA_RRR, LA_SpatialUnit and LA_BAUnit master classes. Herewith the standardization of the external data model is ensured. If the external model is implemented by the responsible standardization of the archiving processes will be more comfortable and faster to register.","PeriodicalId":55347,"journal":{"name":"Boletim De Ciencias Geodesicas","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44461341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MODELING SPATIAL EFFECT ON TRAVEL MODE CHOICE USING A SYNTHETIC SPATIALLY CORRELATED DATA SET","authors":"Lucas Assirati, C. Pitombo","doi":"10.1590/S1982-21702021000100008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1982-21702021000100008","url":null,"abstract":": Urban dynamics can be characterized more effectively by considering spatial aspects in studies. This paper, using a synthetic spatially correlated data set, aims to model the spatial effect on travel mode choice based on geostatistics precepts. A method was proposed based on three main steps. The first step consists of building synthetic spatially correlated data, using the intrinsic spatial dependence on travel demand data and mathematical principles of bilinear interpolation. The following two steps correspond to the modeling approach. The Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis stage aimed to attest the existence of spatial autocorrelation of the data set using two indicators: Moran and G-SIVAR (Global Spatial Indicator Based on Variogram). The Confirmatory Spatial Data Analysis stage proposed the calibration of two Binomial Logit models. The first model includes only the original database variables (non-spatial model). The second one is analogous to the original but added to spatial covariates obtained by geostatistical concepts (spatial model). A 15% increase in cross-validation hit rates is achieved when spatial variables are included. This paper presents three significant research contributions: (1) The methodological procedure to model spatial effect on travel mode choice; (2) The proposal of spatial covariates based on geostatistical assumptions; and (3) The suggestion of a simple procedure to propose a simulation of a spatially correlated database.","PeriodicalId":55347,"journal":{"name":"Boletim De Ciencias Geodesicas","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41582149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ESTIMATION AND ANALYSIS OF PROTECTION LEVELS FOR PRECISE APPROACH AT RIO DE JANEIRO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT USING REAL TIME σVIG FOR EACH GPS AND GLONASS SATELLITE","authors":"V. S. Pereira, J. Monico, P. D. Camargo","doi":"10.1590/S1982-21702021000S00010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1982-21702021000S00010","url":null,"abstract":": Determinations of the vertical ionospheric gradient standard deviation (σ vig ) in real time to each Global Positioning System (GPS) and Globalnaya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) satellite available in Ground-Based Augmentation System (GBAS) of the Rio de Janeiro International Airport (SBGL) were used in the estimates of Horizontal and Vertical Protection Level (HPL/VPL). For this purpose two software were developed: MoR_Ion_RT (real time ionospheric threat assessment for GBAS in Brazil) and SBGL_PL (calculation of SBGL HPL/VPL), whose methods and equations are presented in this paper. Since such determinations transmit the real ionospheric condition at the time of an approaching aircraft, they also allow performing the screening of the data, based on the Conterminous United States (CONUS) Threat Model threshold. Experiments carried out indicate that it is possible to attend CAT-I during the autumn (most affected season) at SBGL using GPS or GLONASS satellites, provided that the restrictions established by a temporal ionospheric threat model developed for the region are applied (avoid satellites with elevations between 10° and 37°). It was also found that the use of GLONASS in conjunction with GPS satellites makes it possible to meet CAT-III Horizontal and Vertical Alert Limit (HAL/VAL), since it has a better geometric configuration.","PeriodicalId":55347,"journal":{"name":"Boletim De Ciencias Geodesicas","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67565775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}